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TABLE 172.-Number of male employees under 14 years of age earning each specified amount per week, by age and general nativity and race.*

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This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.

CHAPTER IV.

SALIENT CHARACTERISTICS.

Literacy-Conjugal condition-Visits abroad-Age classification of employees[Text Tables 173 to 180 and General Tables 116 to 118.]

LITERACY.

The degree of literacy prevailing among the Alabama iron-ore miners is set forth in the following table, which shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the per cent of male employees who could read and percentage who could read and write:

TABLE 173.-Per cent of male employees who read and per cent who read and write, by general nativity and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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Of the male employees for whom information was secured, 66.8 per cent are able to read only and 65.4 per cent are able both to read and to write. The proportion of employees who read and read and write is larger for the foreign-born than for the negroes native-born of native father, and much larger for the whites native-born of native father than for the foreign-born. Of the foreign-born, a somewhat larger proportion of the South Italians than of the North Italians are able to read and to read and write. The percentages reported for both the races specified are smaller than the percentages reported for all foreign-born male employees.

CONJUGAL CONDITION.

The

The table next presented shows the percentage of male employees 20 years of age or over who were in each conjugal condition. exhibit is by general nativity and race of individual,

Table 174.—Per cent of male employees 20 years of age or over in each conjugal condition, by general nativity and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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The above table shows that 64 per cent of the male employees 20 years of age or over for whom information was secured are married and that only 4.6 per cent are widowed. The proportion of married employees is largest among the native-born of native father, white, second largest among the native-born of native father, negro, and smallest among the foreign-born, while the proportion of widowed employees is largest among the native-born of native father, negro, second largest among the native-born of native father, white, and smallest among the foreign-born. A slightly larger proportion of the South Italian employees than of all foreign-born employees are married. None of the South Italian employees are widowed.

The following table divides the totals of the preceding table on the basis of age and shows, by age groups and general nativity and race, the percentage of male employees who were in each conjugal condi

tion:

TABLE 175.-Per cent of male employees in each conjugal condition, by age groups and by general nativity and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 100 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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It appears from the preceding table that 44.6 per cent of the male employees from 20 to 29 years of age, for whom information was secured, are married as compared with 79.2 per cent of the male employees from 30 to 44 years of age, 82.2 per cent of the male employees 45 years of age or over, and 64 per cent of all employees 20 years of age or over. Öf the employees from 20 to 29 years of age, 2.3 per cent are widowed as compared with 4.5 per cent of the employees from 30 to 44 years of age, 11.5 per cent of the employees 45 years of age or over, and 4.6 per cent of all employees 20 years of age or over. The proportion of employees from 20 to 29 years of age and from 30 to 44 years of age who are married, and the proportion of all employees 20 years of age or over who are married is largest for whites native-born of native father, second for the negroes native-born of native father, and smallest for the foreign-born. On the other hand, the proportion of male employees 45 years of age or over who are married is largest for the foreign-born, second largest for the whites native-born of native father, and smallest for the negroes native-born of native father. The South Italians have a larger proportion of employees from 30 to 44, 45 years of age or over, and 20 years of age or over, respectively, who are married, and a smaller proportion of employees from 20 to 29 years of age who are married, than is reported for all the foreign-born.

The most significant question of the conjugal condition of married employees of foreign birth was found in the inquiry as to the location of their wives. In this connection the following tables show, by race of husband, the number and the per cent of foreign-born husbands who reported wife in the United States and the percentage who reported wife abroad. The South Italian is the only race appearing in sufficient numbers for the computation of percentages.

TABLE 176.-Location of wives of foreign-born employees, by race of husband.

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TABLE 177.-Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife in the United States and per cent who report wife abroad, by race of husband.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[[This table includes only races with 40 or more husbands reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign.

born.]

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Of the foreign-born husbands for whom information was secured 68 per cent report wives in the United States. The proportion of husbands reporting wives in the United States is slightly smaller for the South Italians than for all foreign-born.

VISITS ABROAD.

The extent to which the foreign-born miners visit their native lands for a long or short period is exhibited by the tables following, which show, by years in the United States and race, visits abroad made by foreign-born male employees. The South Italian is the only race appearing in sufficient numbers for the computation of percentages.

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