TABLE 67.—Per cent of persons within each age group, by sex and general nativity and race of head of household-Continued.

Of

In the above table the largest proportions of the 1,050 individuals studied report in the under 6, 20 to 29, and 30 to 44 year groups. the total, 15.2 per cent are 6 to 13, very small proportions reporting in each of the other age groups. These proportions approximate very closely the proportions of the foreign-born, but of the native-born of native father, 28 per cent are 30 to 44, slightly lower proportions being 20 to 29 and under 6.

The majority (1) of the Croatians, male and female, (2) of the English females, (3) of native white males of native father, and (4) of Slovenian males are 20 years of age or over, equal proportions of the native white females being under 20 and 20 or over. The majority of either sex in each of the other races are less than 20.

As in the totals, the largest proportions of each race are found in the 20 to 29, 30 to 44, under 6 and 6 to 13 year groups, although in the totals of each race the Croatians and native whites of native father alone report a majority 20 years of age or over.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race, the percentage of male employees who were in each specified age group:

TABLE 68.-Per cent of male employees within each age group, by general nativity and

race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

TABLE 68.-Per cent of male employees within each age group, by general nativity and race-Continued.

of

age

Of 8,281 male employees for whom information was secured, 0.4 per cent are under 14 years of age, 8.9 per cent are from 14 to 19, 23.9 per cent are from 20 to 24, 22.8 per cent are from 25 to 29, 15.5 per cent are from 30 to 34, 18 per cent are from 35 to 44, 8.8 per cent are from 45 to 54, and 1.6 per cent are 55 years of age or over. The whites native-born of native father and the negroes native-born of native father show small proportions who are under 14 years of age as contrasted with no employees who were native-born of foreign father, or foreign-born within this age group. Of employees who were from 14 to 19 years of age, the native-born of foreign father shows by far the highest percentage followed by the whites native-born of native father, the negroes native-born of native father, and the foreign-born, in the order named. In the group of employees from 20 to 24 years the native-born of foreign father shows the highest per cent, followed by the foreign-born, the whites native-born of native father and the negroes native-born of native father. Of employees from 25 to 29 years of age the foreign-born show the highest percentage followed by the native-born whites of native father, the negroes nativeborn of native father, and the foreign-born. Of employees from 30 to 34 and from 35 to 44 years of age the foreign-born show the highest percentage followed by the native-born negroes of native father, whites native-born of native father, and the native-born of foreign father. Of employees from 45 to 54 years of age and 55 years of age or over, negroes native-born of native father show the highest per cent in the group first named and are followed by whites native-born of native father, the foreign-born, and the native-born of foreign father. In the group 55 years of age or over negroes native-born of native father show the highest percentage, followed by the whites nativeborn of native father and the foreign-born with same per cent, and the native-born of foreign father. Of the native-born of foreign father, those whose fathers were born in Sweden show the highest

percentage from 14 to 19 years of age and from 25 to 29 years of age, those whose fathers were born in England show the highest per cent from 20 to 24 years of age and from 30 to 34 years of age. Employees of Irish parentage show the highest per cent from 35 to 44, 45 to 54, and 55 years of age or over. Of male employees of foreign birth the South Italians exhibit the highest percentage of persons from 14 to 19 years of age, the Montenegrins the highest percentage from 20 to 24 years of age, the Slovenians the highest percentage from 25 to 29 years of age, the Bulgarians the highest percentage from 30 to 34 years of age, the French Canadians the highest percentage from 35 to 44 years of age, the English the highest percentage from 45 to 54 years of age, and the French Canadians the highest percentage who were 55 years of age or over.

CHAPTER VII.

GENERAL PROGRESS AND ASSIMILATION.

Ownership of homes-Status of children in the households studied-CitizenshipAbility to speak English-[Text Tables 69 to 81 and General Tables 42 to 50].

OWNERSHIP OF HOMES.

The accumulation of property is not only indicative of thrift on the part of the owner, but if the owner is a person of foreign birth it also exhibits a tendency toward permanent settlement in the United States. In this connection the following table is submitted which shows, by general nativity and race of head of family, the number and percentage of families owning homes.

TABLE 69.-Number and per cent of families owning home, by general nativity and race of head of family.

The above table shows that of the 253 families studied in this industry the largest proportion, or 59.7 per cent, own homes, the foreign-born reporting 63.4 per cent, as compared with 19 per cent of the native-born of native father, white. Among the foreign-born the small proportion of English who own homes stands out in striking contrast to the proportion of the other races. The Slovaks, 90 per cent of whom own homes, show considerably larger proportions than do the Finns, Slovenians, or Swedes, and a much larger proportion than do the Croatians.

277

STATUS OF CHILDREN IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The table next submitted shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the percentage of children 6 and under 16 years of age in the households studied who were at home, at school, and at work.

TABLE 70.-Per cent of children 6 and under 16 years of age at home, at school, and at work, by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more children reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

Information was obtained in this industry for only 189 children. Of that number, however, by far the largest proportion, or 81.5 per cent, are at school, 17.5 per cent at home, while the remaining proportion are at work. The foreign-born report no children at work, a slightly larger proportion at home, and slightly smaller proportion at school than is shown by the total for all children. The native-born of foreign father, on the other hand, show 1.5 per cent of the children at work and proportions at home and at school that vary little from the proportion shown for all children. Among the native-born of foreign father, none of the English or Swedes, and only a very small proportion of the Finns, are at work, while of those at home, the proportion of Finns is very largely in excess of the proportion shown by either of the other races. Of those at school, on the other hand, the English show a slightly larger proportion than the Swedes, who in turn show a considerably larger proportion than the Finns.

CITIZENSHIP.

The extent to which the iron-ore miners have acquired citizenship, or have taken the preliminary steps, is set forth in the table next presented, which shows, by race, the present political condition of foreign-born male employees, who had been in the United States five years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming to this country.