per cent of the Swedish males are single. The proportion of single Croatian males is relatively high, but the largest proportion shown by either sex is the 36.8 per cent of the native-born females of foreign father. It will be noted that half of the latter 20 to 29 years of age are single. It appears that most of the foreign-born females and Finnish and Swedish males marry before 30 years of age, the Croatian males and native-born females of foreign father marrying somewhat later in life.

The following table shows, by locality and by general nativity and race, the percentage of male employees 20 years of age or over who are married.

TABLE 61.-Per cent of male employees 20 years of age or over who are married, by locality and by general nativity and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting in each of two or more localities. The totals, however, are for all races.]

The preceding table shows that of the male employees 20 years of age or over 64 per cent of those in Alabama are married as contrasted with 53.8 per cent of those in Michigan and 49.8 per cent of those in Minnesota who are married. The male employees who are white native-born of native father in Alabama show a slightly higher percentage married than those in Michigan and a very much higher percentage who are married than those in Minnesota. The employees who are native-born of foreign father in Michigan show a higher percentage married than those in Minnesota. The employees of foreign birth in Michigan show the highest percentage married, closely followed by those in Alabama and those in Minnesota. The Croatians, North Italians, South Italians, and Poles show larger proportions who are married in Minnesota than in Michigan. The English, Finns, Slovaks, and Slovenians show greater proportions married in Michigan than in Minnesota and the South Italian employees in Alabama a higher percentage married than in Michigan.

The most significant fact in connection with the foreign-born married mine workers, especially those of races from southern and eastern Europe, is found as the result of the inquiry as to the location of their wives, owing to the practice of married male immigrants of leaving their wives and families abroad when immigrating to this country.

The following table shows, by race of husband, the percentage of foreign-born husbands among the employees studied who reported wife in the United States and percentage who reported wife abroad:

TABLE 62.-Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife in the United States and per cent who report wife abroad, by race of husband.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

{This table includes only races with 40 or more husbands reporting. The total, however, is for all foreignborn.]

Of 2,193 foreign-born husbands who reported, 66.2 per cent have wives in the United States and 33.8 per cent have wives abroad. The French-Canadian husbands report all wives in the United States. The Bulgarian husbands report 92.7 per cent having wives abroad, and the South Italian, Croatian, and North Italian husbands show over 50 per cent having wives abroad. It is particularly noticeable that the older immigrant races, those from northern Europe, show comparatively small proportions of husbands having wives abroad, the Swedish husbands showing only 12 per cent and the English husbands only 6.8 per cent having wives abroad.

The following table shows, by locality and by race of husband, the percentage of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad:

TABLE 63.-Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad, by locality and by race of husband.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more husbands reporting in each of two or more localities. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

The preceding table shows that the foreign-born husbands in Alabama for whom information was secured, report 32 per cent having wives abroad, foreign-born husbands in Michigan report 29.5 per cent having wives abroad, while 41.6 per cent of the foreign-born husbands for whom information was secured in Minnesota report wives abroad. The Croatians, English, Finnish, and North Italians report a larger proportion of husbands in Minnesota than in Michigan who report wife abroad, while the Poles show a higher proportion of husbands in Michigan than in Minnesota who report wife abroad. The South Italians report a very much larger percentage of husbands in Minnesota than in Alabama whose wives are abroad.

The tendency on the part of married males of foreign birth who left their wives abroad when they immigrated to this country to send for them after designated periods of residence in the United States is set forth in the following table which shows, by race of husband and by years husband has been in the United States, the percentage of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad:

TABLE 64.-Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad, by race of husband and by years husband has been in the United States.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 100 or more husbands reporting.]

The above table shows, for each race, that the percentage of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad, decreases as the residence in the United States increases. For instance, 74.2 per cent of the South Italian husbands who have been in the United States less than five years report wife abroad, while but 28.6 per cent of those of ten or more years' residence report wife abroad; 60 per cent of the Swedish husbands with less than five years' residence report wife abroad, and but 1.4 per cent of husbands of this race who have been in the United States ten or more years have wives abroad.

VISITS ABROAD.

The extent to which iron-ore workers of foreign birth visit their native countries after specified periods of residence in the United States may be seen from the table next presented, which shows, by years in the United States and race, the visits abroad made by foreign-born male employees.

TABLE 65.- Visits abroad made by foreign-born male employees, by years in the United States and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 100 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Of 4,177 foreign-born male employees, for whom information was secured, 12.8 per cent have made one or more visits abroad. Of those who have been in the United States under five years, 6.4 per cent have visited abroad, those with a residence of from five to nine years show 19.9 per cent, and those who have been in the United States ten years or over show 19.8 per cent who have made one or more visits abroad. The North Italian employees show the highest percentage of persons who have made visits abroad in the group including employees who have been in the United States under five years. The Finns show the smallest percentage in this group who have visited abroad since making the United States their home. The North Italian employees also show the highest percentage who have made one or more visits abroad in the groups including employees with a residence of from five to nine years and ten years or over. In the totals for all employees irrespective of length of residence in the United States the English show the highest per cent. In the group including employees with a residence of from five to nine years the Finnish employees show the lowest percentage who have made one or more visits abroad and Polish the lowest percentage in the groups having a residence of ten years or over and in the total showing all employees irrespective of length of residence.

The following table shows the percentage of foreign-born male employees reporting one or more visits abroad, according to locality and by race.

TABLE 66.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees reporting one or more visits abroad, by locality and by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

{This table includes only races with 100 or more males reporting in each of two or more localities. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

The preceding table shows that 15.4 per cent of the foreign-born male employees for whom information was secured in Alabama have made one or more visits abroad, 12.5 per cent of those in Michigan, and 12.9 per cent of those in Minnesota have visited abroad. The Croatian employees in Minnesota report a considerably higher per cent who have visited abroad than Croatians in Michigan. The Finnish employees in Michigan show a slightly higher percentage who have made one or more visits abroad than the Finns in Minnesota, while the proportion of North Italians in the last-named locality who have made visits abroad is somewhat higher than the proportion in Michigan.

AGE CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES AND MEMBERS OF THEIR HOUSE

HOLDS.

The age characteristics of the employees and the members of their households are set forth in the two tables next submitted. The first table which follows shows, by sex and general nativity and race of head of household, the percentage of persons in the households studied who were within each age group.

TABLE 67.-Per cent of persons within each age group, by sex and general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]