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TABLE 14-Industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born females who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign

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Of a total of 372 females reporting complete data the greater proportion, or 56.7 per cent, were without occupation before coming to the United States, 34.9 per cent worked for wages, and 8.3 per cent worked without wages. Only two races, the Magyars and Poles, show the larger proportion of those reporting as being employed, and a very small percentage of the last named race, compared with that shown by other races, were without occupation. The Poles show a considerably higher proportion working without wages than any other race. A proportion of all races other than English and Finnish worked without wages.

The following table analyzes the preceding table into the principal occupations followed by foreign-born females in the households studied, before coming to the United States, who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming to this country. The presentation is by race of individual:

TABLE 15.-Occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born females who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign

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Of the foreign-born females who were at least 16 years of age when they came to the United States, 34.9 per cent had worked for wages. Fourteen and five-tenths per cent were farm laborers working for wages and 11.3 per cent were working for wages in domestic service. The Croatians, Magyars, Polish, and Slovenians were most commonly farm laborers; the Polish, English, Finnish, and Norwegian were most commonly in domestic service. Seven and eight-tenths per cent of the total number were farm laborers working without wages.

PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION OF IMMIGRANT EMPLOYEES BEFORE COMING TO THE UNITED STATES.

The table next presented shows, by race, the percentage of foreignborn male employees who were in each specified occupation before coming to the United States.

TABLE 16.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in each specified occupation before coming to the United States, by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

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Of a total of 4,146 foreign-born male employees now employed in copper mining, the greater proportion were farmers or farm laborers before coming to the United States, while a greater proportion were engaged in mining than any other occupation except the one above mentioned. Comparing the different races, it is seen that a very large proportion of the English were engaged in mining, while of the other races, only the Swedes and Germans show a proportion higher than 10 per cent in this occupation. A small proportion of all races were engaged in manufacturing, while on the other hand all races except the English show a very large proportion in agriculture. The French Canadian, closely followed by the English, show the highest proportion in general labor, while all races show proportions between 10 and 19 per cent engaged in hand trades except the Magyar, English, and Finnish races, showing less than 10 per cent. The proportion engaged in trade is low in every instance, the French Canadians, with 3.8 per cent, showing the highest, while none of the Germans, Magyars, Slovenians, or Swedes were so engaged. The Magyars show the lowest proportion engaged in "other occupations" and the Croatians the highest, while the difference in the proportion of other races so engaged is not very marked.

GENERAL OCCUPATION OF MALES AT THE PRESENT TIME IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

In the table next presented the general occupation of males in the households studied who were 16 years of age or over is shown according to general nativity and race of individual.

TABLE 17.-General occupation of males 16 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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Of a total of 789 males reporting in the above table, by far the largest proportion, or 86.6 per cent, are employed in the coppermining industry, only 7 per cent being otherwise employed; 1.5 per cent are at home and 4.9 per cent at school. The foreign-born report the largest proportion employed in the industry the nativeborn of foreign parents the largest proportion otherwise employed and at school, the foreign-born showing extremely small proportions either at home or at school. Of the several foreign-born races, the French Canadian and Norwegian are the only races showing as high as 5 per cent employed otherwise than in copper mining. The French Canadian and Finnish each show a small proportion at home and at school, while the English and North Italians show small proportions at home and the Croatian and Slovenian small proportions at school.

GENERAL OCCUPATION OF WOMEN AT THE PRESENT TIME IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

In contrast with the preceding tabulations, the series of tables next presented exhibit the industrial condition of immigrant employees and members of their households in this country. The first

table submitted shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the general occupations of females in the households studied who were 16 years of age or over.

TABLE 18.-General occupation of females 16 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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Of the total number of females 16 years of age or over, 88.7 per cent are at home, 4.2 per cent are at school, and a proportion smaller than the latter in every other specified occupation. Those who were native-born of foreign father show 69.4 per cent at home, as compared with 97.6 per cent of foreign-born. The former, on the other hand, have a larger proportion in every other general occupation than the foreign-born. Of the native-born of foreign father the Germans have 47.8 per cent at home, while the proportion at home of the remaining races of this class range from 63.2 per cent of the Irish to 85 per cent of the Finns. The greater number of the specified races of foreign-born show 100 per cent at home. The smallest proportion at home in this class is 94.3 per cent of Croatians.

The table following shows the per cent of males 16 years of age or over engaged in the copper-mining industry, by general nativity and race of father and by birthplace of individual.

TABLE 19.-Per cent of males 16 years of age or over engaged in the copper-mining industry, by general nativity and race of father and by birthplace of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more males born in the United States and also 20 or more born abroad. The native-born of native father are shown for comparative purposes.]

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The preceding table shows that 100 per cent of the Irish and Swedes who were born abroad and concerning whom information was secured are engaged in copper mining. Of the Poles who were born abroad, 95.7 per cent are engaged in copper mining and 4.3 per cent are otherwise employed.

Of the Poles who were born in the United States, 76.9 per cent are engaged in copper mining and 23.1 per cent are otherwise employed. The Swedes and the Irish who were born in the United States show considerably smaller proportions than the Poles who are engaged in copper mining.

WEEKLY EARNINGS.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race, the percentage of male employees who were 18 years of age or over and who were earning each specified amount each week:

TABLE 20-Per cent of male employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race.*

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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*This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.

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