Of the male employees for whom information was secured, 52.6 per cent are foreign-born, 29.6 per cent are native-born of native father negro, 13.5 per cent are native-born of native father white, and only 4.3 per cent are native-born of foreign father. Among the nativeborn of foreign father, sons of fathers born in England, Sweden, Canada, and Ireland have the largest representation. The principal foreign races in the industry are the Finns, North Italians, Poles, Slovenians, and Croatians, in the order named. The South Italians, English, Swedes, and Slovaks are also present in considerable numbers.

The following table shows, by locality, the race of male employees for whom information was secured:

TABLE 14.-Race of male employees for whom information was secured, by locality; per cent distribution.

TABLE 14.-Race of male employees for whom information was secured, by locality; per cent distribution-Continued.

As regards the totals of the foregoing table, the racial classification of the employees in Michigan and in Minnesota is practically the same, the foreign-born constituting 89.1 per cent and 90.6 per cent, respectively, the native-born of foreign father 8.8 per cent and 5.9 per cent, and the total native-born 10.9 per cent and 9.4 per cent. There are no negroes reported in Minnesota, and only 0.1 per cent of this race in Michigan. Conditions in Alabama, however, are very different, 67.1 per cent of the operating force being native-born negro, 27.3 per cent native-born white, and only 5.6 per cent foreign-born. None of the employees in this locality are second-generation immi

grants.

A comparison of the various foreign races shows the greatest differences among the localities to be in the proportions of Croatians, North Italians, Poles, and Slovenians employed."

CHAPTER III.

ECONOMIC STATUS.

Industrial condition abroad of members of immigrant households studied-Principal occupation of immigrant employees before coming to the United States-General occupation of males at the present time, in the households studied—General occupation of women at the present time, in the households studied-Weekly earnings— Relation between period of residence and earning ability-Annual earnings of male heads of families studied-Annual earnings of males 18 years of age or over in the households studied-Annual family income-Relation between the earnings of husbands and the practice of wives of keeping boarders or lodgers-Sources of family income-Relative importance of different sources of family income.-[Text Tables 15 to 37 and General Tables 6 to 18].

INDUSTRIAL CONDITION ABROAD OF MEMBERS OF IMMIGRANT HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

Before entering upon a discussion of the economic status of the iron-ore mine workers in this country the general industrial condition and principal occupation while abroad of foreign-born employees and members of their households are set forth. The first table submitted in this connection shows, by race of individual, the industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born males in the households studied, who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming to this country.

TABLE 15.-Industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born males who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

The above table shows that only 3 per cent of the foreign-born males for whom information was obtained were without occupation. prior to coming to the United States, while 39.8 per cent worked for wages, 39 per cent without wages, and 18.2 per cent for profit. No Croatians, South Italians, or Slovenians, and only 7.1 per cent of the