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Per cent of foreign-born male employees in the United States each specified number of years, by race. [This chart shows only races with 100 or more reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Of the total number of foreign-born males employed in this industry, the largest proportion, or 24.1 per cent, have been in the United States from five to nine years. Those with a period of residence of two, three, and four years following in the order named, and less than 10 per cent having had a residence of each other specified number of years. Of the several races, each, except the French Canadians, English, Finns, Germans, Slovaks, and Swedes, shows over 50 per cent of their number to have been in the United States less than five years. The French Canadians, English, and Germans each. show over 50 per cent of their number to have been in the United States fifteen years or over, while the Swedish is the only one of the remaining races showing as high as 50 per cent of their number to have been in the United States ten years or over. The Montenegrins show their entire number as having had a period or residence of from one to ten years. Only 4.9 per cent of the Bulgarians have been in the United States as long as five years, all of these having had a period of residence of twenty years or over.

The following table is based upon the same data as the table immediately preceding, but groups together in the first classification all employees who had been in the United States under five years:

TABLE 10.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in the United States each specified number of years, by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

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The largest proportion, or 52.9 per cent, of the 4,319 foreign-born males employed in this industry have been in the United States under five years. The next largest proportion, or 24.1 per cent, have had a period of residence in the United States of from five to nine years, and less than 10 per cent have had a period of residence of from ten to fourteen years, fifteen to nineteen years, or twenty years or over. Only 4.9 per cent of the Bulgarians have had a period of residence of more than five years, all of this number having been in the United States twenty years or over. The French Canadians with 72.1 per cent show a decidedly larger proportion than any other given race

who have had a period of residence of twenty years or over, the English, German, and Swedish, with 43.9 per cent, 41.7 per cent, and 31.2 per cent, respectively, being the only other races showing as high as 10 per cent. The entire number of the Montenegrin have been in this country less than ten years. Each race, except the French Canadian, English, German, and Swedish, shows over 50 per cent of their number as having been in the United States less than ten years.

The table next presented shows, by race of individual, the percentage of foreign-born persons in the households studied who had been in the United States each specified number of years.

TABLE 11.-Per cent of foreign-born persons in the United States each specified number of years, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 20 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

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Of the total number of foreign-born persons, 35.4 per cent have been in the United States under five years, 67.2 per cent under ten years, and 84.9 per cent under twenty years. The most recent arrivals are the Croatians, 74 per cent of whom have been here less than five years. The English and Swedes, on the other hand, have been in this country the longest, slightly less than half having been here twenty years or over.

The table following shows, by locality and by race, the percentage of foreign-born male employees in the United States each specified number of years.

TABLE 12.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in the United States each specified number of years, by locality and by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting in each of two or more localities. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

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Of the foreign-born Croatians, North Italians, South Italians, Poles, and Slovenians, Michigan shows larger proportions who have been in the United States less than five years than does Minnesota, the latter State reporting larger proportions of recent immigrants among the English, Finns, and Slovaks.

Of the foreign-born Croatians, English, Finns, and Slovenians, Minnesota shows larger proportions than does Michigan of employees who have been in this country less than ten and less than twenty years, respectively, while of the South Italians, Poles, and Slovaks larger per cents reporting such residence are shown by Michigan.

In Alabama, only the South Italians report in sufficient numbers for the computation of percentages. Of this race, 99.2 per cent, practically all, have been in the United States less than twenty years, 93.8 per cent have been here less than ten years, and 62.5 per cent less than five years.

The table shows that 90.8 per cent of all the foreign-born employees have been in the United States less than twenty years. As a matter of fact each race reporting but the English exceeds this proportion by at least 4 per cent, the relatively low per cent for the English (56.1) reducing the figure for the aggregate. The same thing occurs in the other sections of the table, though the Finns and Slovaks are below the average in the tabulation regarding a residence of less than five years, and the fins only slightly exceed the total in that concerning the ten-year period.

RACIAL CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES AT THE PRESENT TIME.

The racial composition of the operating force of the industry at the present time may be seen from the table next presented and accompanying chart, which shows the race of the employees for whom information was secured and which is believed to be representative of the distribution of the races in the mines.

TABLE 13.-Male employees of each race for whom information was secured.

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