IMMIGRANTS IN INDUSTRIES. IRON ORE MINING. This report, which was prepared under the direction of the Commission by W. Jett Lauck, superintendent of agents, forms part of the general report of the Immigration Commission on immigrants in industries. 197 IRON ORE MINING. CONTENTS. PART I-GENERAL SURVEY OF THE IRON ORE MINING INDUSTRY. Members of households for whom detailed information was secured. 207 Preparation of the data...... 209 Employees for whom information was secured. 209 CHAPTER II.-Racial displacements: Period of residence in the United States of foreign-born employees and members of their households...... 213 Racial classification of employees at the present time CHAPTER III.-Economic status: 218 Industrial condition abroad of members of immigrant households studied.. 223 227 Relation between period of residence and earning ability.. Annual earnings of males 18 years of age or over in the households studied.. keeping boarders or lodgers.. Sources of family income.. Relative importance of different sources of family income.. CHAPTER IV.-Working conditions: General occupation of males at the present time in the households studied. Annual earnings of male heads of families studied.. 228 229 230 233 236 238 239 Relation between the earnings of husbands and the practice of wives of 240 242 244 Regularity of employment.. The immigrant and organized labor. CHAPTER V.-Housing and living conditions: Rent in its relation to standard of living.. Boarders and lodgers..... Size of apartments occupied. Size of households studied.. Congestion..... CHAPTER VI.-Salient characteristics: Age classification of employees and members of their households. CHAPTER VII.-General progress and assimilation: 247 248 249 252 254 255 256 261 265 271 273 PART II.-THE IRON ORE MINING INDUSTRY IN MINNESOTA. Members of households for whom detailed information was secured. 294 Present population of the ranges.. 296 297 300 Period of residence in the United States of foreign-born employees and members of their households........... 302 Racial classification of employees at the present time. 304 304 CHAPTER III.-Economic status: Industrial condition abroad of members of immigrant households studied.. 307 310 General occupation of males at the present time in the households studied. 311 312 313 Weekly earnings... 315 Relation between period of residence and earning ability 316 318 Annual earnings of males 18 years of age or over in the households studied.. 320 321 321 Wives at work... 322 Relation between the earnings of husbands and the practice of wives of keeping boarders or lodgers.... Labor employed in the several systems of mining on the Mesabi Range. Saloons, and the use of intoxicants as affecting efficiency. 341 CHAPTER VI.-Industrial and other effects of immigration: Establishment of new industries.. 343 The effect of the employment of recent immigrants upon the former employees in the lumber and mining industries. |