Universal Service: Competition, Interconnection, and Monopoly in the Making of the American Telephone SystemMIT Press, 1997 - 213 lappuses Universal service is a focal point of telecommunications policy in the 1990s, not only in the United States, but in every other country that has begun to liberalize or deregulate its telecommunications industry. The new policy dialogue revolves around four questions. First, how much do the universal service obligations of incumbent telephone companies cost? Second, how can those costs be financed in a competitive environment? Third, what kind of technical and pricing arrangements should be made to interconnect incumbent telephone companies with the new, competing networks? Finally, should the service bundle designated as "universal service" be redefined to take into account new technologies, and if so, how? In the United States, debate over those issues reached a milestone when the U.S. Congress passed the Telecommunications Act of 1996. The new law is the first comprehensive revision of the Communications Act of 1934 and culminates twenty years of legislative struggle over how to adapt federal law to the new realities of telecommunications. In effect, the new law codifies the perceived wisdom about interconnection, competition, and universal service in telecommunications. Because one of the chief purposes of Milton Mueller's analysis is to mount a historically grounded challenge to that orthodoxy, the new law provides the perfect foil for a critique that links the historical and contemporary policy debates over universal service. |
Saturs
Telephone Development before | 33 |
The Legal and Economic Rationales for Not Interconnecting | 43 |
The Dynamics of Access Competition | 54 |
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Universal Service: Competition, Interconnection and Monopoly in the Making ... Milton Mueller Ierobežota priekšskatīšana - 1997 |
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access competition American Bell antitrust areas Association AT&T AT&T-BLA Bell and independent Bell company Bell exchange Bell System Bell's cities Claude Fischer common carriers Communications Act competing exchanges competing networks competitors consolidation costs debate demand demand-side economies dual service dual service competition duplicate economic economies of scope economists eliminated facilities federal fragmentation franchise historical increase independent companies independent exchanges independent telephone infrastructure integrated intercon interconnection interstate issue Kingsbury Commitment licensee companies long-distance natural monopoly Network Externalities operating companies organization output patents percent physical connection president railroad rates regulated monopoly regulatory Resident Scholar rural separate sublicensing subsidies supply-side supra note tele Telegraph Company telephone business telephone companies telephone exchange telephone industry telephone network telephone penetration telephone service telephone system telephone users Theodore Vail tion toll lines towns unbundling United universal service universal service policy Vail Vail's Wisconsin York
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