Collins, and in the plays of Tom Taylor and Dion Boucicault. Thus these brain-and-muscle men are artists with the pen. This class of minds comprehend mental constructiveness, and practice it externally by ingenious writings. Henry Ward Beecher and other good orators and divines of the artistic build show the dominance of this system by the fine literary construction of their speeches and sermons. A slight difference in the proportions of these two systems, and a slight difference of degree in the brain development, gives us an organ-player like the celebrated Bowman, of Boston, or a composer like Handel, while other differences of degree produce a Stephenson, a Watt, a Fulton, or an Edison. These differences are easily understood by the observing physiognomist, and each individual is assigned his own proper place in art or mechanism upon a close scrutiny of the face, form, hand, etc; for I hold that the hand is a mental feature, and must be examined in order to give the most complete reading of character. The human hand and the human nose are more purely mental than animal features, for the reason that no animal has either a hand or nose at all comparable to the human hand and nose. They are both found in a state of greatest perfection with the most perfected persons and races, hence entirely distinct from those of the savage, idiot, infant, and undeveloped people generally. The hand performs the nicest and most skillful work that the mind can invent, and without the deft, flexible, and perfect hand the fine mechanical and artistic plans of the most ingenious mind would end in abstractions, and man would be entirely unable, except by speech, to prove his superiority to the brute creation. When the faculties of Size and Form are treated in the pages which follow, the subject of mechanical principles in their relation to inherited forms will be explained. Although Form is the basis of art as well as of mechanism, it is differently used, and different in its applications in each case, as has been shown. The combination of Constructiveness with Language and Imagination gives poetic talent; with large Language, Love of Young, Ideality, Form and Size, Self-esteem, Firmness, Sublimity, Locality, and Calculation, will give constructive talent on a large scale, such as engineering, building fortifications, bridges, aqueducts, etc. The face of John A. Roebling, engineer and builder of the Brooklyn bridge, New York, is an excellent illustration of this combination of artistic-mechanical talent. I term the group about the point of the nose the "artistic." using it in its broadest and most comprehensive sense, including in this division the signs for Literature, Art, Artistic Mechanism, and some of the faculties used in the artistic department of Science, as in Analysis and Mental Imitation, Constructiveness, etc. VENERATION. Definition. Respect for all persons, places, and principles entitled to respect; regard for the laws of Nature; submission; religiously cultivated, it leads to devotion to God, to prayer, praise, and religious observances; when combined with literary faculties it creates a taste and respect for ancient history and antiquities; it gives a tender regard for the aged and deference to long-established customs, forms of government, etc.; those with large Veneration readily submit to law, order, customs, proprieties, and offer reverent and respectful deference to the wishes and opinions of others; it assists self-control, and forms the basis of the taste for collecting old coins, ancient literary and art relics, and imparts a desire for visiting monuments, pyramids, ancient lands, and races. An excess leads to religious bigotry and fanaticism and immoderate indulgence in religious rites, such as fasting and penance, and tends to morbid devotion and religious mania. A deficiency makes one impudent, irreverent, disrespectful, and defiant; creates contempt for law, custom, propriety, and old age, with slight power for self-control and inability to control others; makes the bully and creates low character, and leads to disregard of sacred subjects. Facial and Bodily Signs.-Height of the nasal bones at the part just below the bridge is the most decided sign for Veneration. Width combined with height discloses the possession of the highest degree of Veneration. High, thin noses show less of Veneration than those that are broad as well as high. Secondary signs are found wherever the bony system is dominant, as shown in the squareness of the face, the bones of the fingers, and large joints generally. Veneration, is exhibited by respectful demeanor and deferential manner in the presence of elders or officials. It bows the head in sacred edifices and in listening to excellent dis course. A short, round, muscular nose, depressed at the centre and slightly "pugged," is the perfect type of an impudent, saucy, and disrespectful character. Large, projecting, staring, convex eyes show the absence of Veneration. DESCRIPTION OF VENERATION.-In proceeding to the consideration of the group of signs which cluster about the ridge of the upper part of the nose, we find that a great advance in strength of character is made where this portion of the physiognomy is well developed. The principal sign for Veneration is caused by the development of the nasal bones. Its location, being between the executive faculties and the æsthetic and literary, is most suggestive. The philosophy of its action offers additional proof of its osseous origin. Add to this the vast amount of evidence derived from the comparison of low-nosed people with those having this sign large, and we shall complete a very extended chain of evidence, most conclusive and utterly incontrovertible by metaphysician or phrenologian. Where the bony system dominates the bones are inclined to FIG. 81.-RT. REV. BENJAMIN MOORE, D.D. (AU- Born in New York, 1748. Conspicuous facial sign, governs this face. The signs of the domestic and moral hence, the head in these traits are very pronounced. Conscientiousness, Firmness, Patriotism, Benevolence, Love of Home, Love of Young, Self-esteem, and Modesty are large, Amativeness and Friendship normal, while the mental and executive powers are uncommonly developed in the nose. Mental Imitation, Analysis, Hope, Sublimity, Constructiveness, Veneration, Executiveness, and Self-will are all very conspicuous. Form, Size, Language, Memory of Events, and Credenciveness are most apparent. Altogether a puge and high-minded and intellectual character. classes is higher in proportion to its size and more angular in form, while the nasal bones are more prominent and the muscles of the nose smaller relatively, -all of which goes to prove that the supremacy of the bony system produces the most Veneration. An examination of those animals in which are found the most submissive, deferential, and respectful traits of character shows that the osseous system is in the ascendency, and proves that the bony races of animals are more submissive to law and more respectful than those in which the muscular system prevails. Compare, for example, the horse. the dog, and the camel, with their angular, homely, bony, mechanical construction of form, with the sleek, little muscular ape, or with the larger tiger, panther, and lion, and you will be able to prove the presence of a large degree of Veneration in the former and none whatever in the latter. In one class there is beauty of form and movement, with irreverence, defiance, and disrespect, and in the other less beauty, according to recognized ideals, but more respect and submission; hence more capacity for instruction and progress, both in knowledge and structure, as witness the high grade of skill, speed, and intellectual attainments manifested by race-horses, hunting and trick dogs, trained camels, and elephants. The noses of the bony ani mals are relatively long and high as compared to the noses of the muscular creatures. Compare, for example, the noses of all the carnivorous classes, including the panther, the tiger, the jaguar, the leopard, and the smaller carnivora, with the horse, the dog, the camel, the deer, the gazelle, the springbok, the sheep, and the reindeer, and it will be observed that the noses of the former are relatively shorter and more depressed than those of the latter. The eyes, too, of the carnivora are larger, more prominent, bolder, and more defiant in expression than those of the domestic and herbivorous classes. Veneration in the animal kingdom is shown by recognition of man as a FIG. 82.-THOMAS PAINE. (MECHANIC, AUTHOR, superior being, in teachableness and submission to man's laws, rules, and habits; also, by consideration and respect for the nature and rights of their own class of beings. In analyzing the location and nature of Veneration in the human character we cannot fail to be impressed with its position in the physiognomy, and this will lead us to examine with interest its philosophy and use in the human economy. The faculty of Veneration belongs to the most perfected races, as its principal sign shows. What passes for Veneration in undeveloped races is not such at all, for they are incapable of so elevated a feeling. Their religious beliefs are the outcome of fear and Credenciveness, the latter trait belonging to the muscular system, and exhibited principally by the muscular races, as evidenced by the arched eyebrows and wide-open eyes of the "believer" in every monstrous and fantastic theory which passes for religion among different races. Credenciveness is the faculty which breeds wonder, marvelousness, and superstition, and even in civilized persons, in excess, leads to gross superstition, as we shall find later, when we come to consider its nature. Veneration, as the description shows, has a wide scope, and enables different persons to exhibit it in varying degrees and in very diverse ways. It leads one to listen respectfully to ideas and principles expounded, and accords respect according to the merit each possesses. It leads another to submit by self-control to authority and governmental regulations. It causes another to be tender to the aged and considerate to his associates. It is large in nearly all eminent divines and commanders. If it is a sign of submission you will naturally ask why it is a marked trait in the character of commanders. The principle of command as well as of obedience is founded in the comprehension of law, and he who can best obey can best command, for command implies self-restraint, and this is the very basis of ability to control others. Scoopednosed persons are unable to control themselves and to behave with strict propriety. They must, therefore, be compelled by the enforcement of laws and rules to behave decorously, and penalties should be imposed until experience has taught them to fear the consequences. Children whose noses at the centre remain permanently depressed are saucy and impudent, and need the restraining power of discipline. I once knew such a child, who at three years of age was a terror to the neighborhood; he was disrespectful to his parents, grandparents, and friends, often slapping them and showing an utter disregard for the rights and opinions of his superiors. The mother, an exceedingly lovely and intelligent lady, had conceived the romantic idea that children should and could be brought up on the “love principle," as she termed it. There are doubtless a few children who can be thus raised, but the majority of human beings must be so trained as to develop every faculty of mind, and if they possess much vigor or force of character will need discipline and training. This must be done, first, by playing upon one faculty and then upon another, until every trait is touched in turn and molded by the creative skill of the mother. The boy in question at last became so unruly, even at this tender age, that his |