motives, but also that he had that most rare faculty,-the capacity for managing and using men at his will. The science of Human Nature is yet in its infancy. My own contribution gives a foundation-system based on natural laws. The superstructure of accumulated facts must be the work of generations of observers. The scope of this science is not second to the solar system, and as each astronomer adds to our knowledge of its vastness, so must good, observing physiognomists leave to posterity well-demonstrated truths which are incontrovertible and corroborated by all the other departments of science, and thus rescue this, the grandest and noblest of all sciences, from the hands of the charlatan, ignoramus, quack, and pretender. No profession demands more purity of life, loftier principles, greater knowledge of God's eternal laws, than that of physiognomy. No profession demands a more reverent, devout, and religious spirit, nor one more devoted to absolute truth than this; hence, it becomes its professors to hold the standard of character high, and be their own exemplars of the highest conscientiousness and of demonstrable truths. ACQUISITIVENESS. Definition. The desire to gain, obtain, earn, or win money, property, fame, ability, learning, applause, knowledge, or power; the provider and commercialist. The direction which Acquisitiveness will take depends upon the other faculties in combination in each individual. An excess causes one to be frugal, stingy, and small in savings; perverted, it imparts a love for gambling and games of chance, and when unrestrained shows by dishonest methods of business. It gives an insatiable desire for the acquisition of property, knowl edge, power, position, fame, reputation, friends, or whatever the dominating traits call for. A deficiency causes one to be careless of money or possessions, and tends to prodigality, improvidence, poverty, ignorance, loss of reputation, and no desire for power and its advantages. Facial and Bodily Signs.-In the human face the most decisive signs for Acquisitiveness are found in the head, eye, ear, nose, jaw, and mouth. A thick, heavy upper eyelid, which discloses a large surface while the eye is open, giving a sleepy look, is a very noticeable sign of this trait. This sign is observed mainly in Oriental races. Another sign is shown by a fullness and breadth of the sides of the nose just above the nostril. The high-arched, convex, or hooked nose, resembling the beak of the bird of prey, is another sign of commercial rapacity, as well as of the love of over coming one's enemy or of removing obstacles in the way of glory, fame, or learning. Wide, predaceous jaws and large mouth, and head wide above the ears, are also evidences of commercial Acquisitiveness. Most of the great bankers, financiers, and money-kings have very large ears; full, round foreheads, and large, round, stocky frames. Misers, whose sole aim is accumulation, exhibit a pallid, thin, dry, wrinkled under-lip, and body bent forward, the countenance sometimes covered with fine wrinkles, falling in every direction. Numerous small and fine wrinkles all over the face and lips disclose a life of petty cares and small earnings. The hands of misers, as George Combe observes, "go out at the sides as if grasping something." This is caused by the constant effort of the extensor muscles of the hand and arm in reaching forward as if to seize something. This movement arises from the dominant idea of getting, and all the outward shapes which the body and limbs assume, if long continued, reveal the dominant impulse within. In animals, Acquisitiveness is shown by prominence of the middle incisor teeth, narrow mouth, and flexibility of the muscles, particularly of the flexor muscles of the fore-paws. This description applies to the rodents, such as the squirrel, rat, etc., while predaceous energy is shown in the carnivorous class by width of jaw, breadth and roundness of the head, prominence of the muscles, broad nose and nostrils, capacious chest, and strong digestive powers. In the bird of prey it is shown by the convexity of the beak, thick neck, and arching of the claws, and powerful muscular system. Its DESCRIPTION OF ACQUISITIVENESS.-The physiological base of Acquisitiveness is derived from the nutritive functions; its signs in the mouth and nose are proofs of this statement. animal manifestations are another proof, while its sign in the nose, situated next to Constructiveness, and assisting to form the sign for the stomach (width of the bridge of the nose), is still further evidence of its purpose and power in the human organism. The reader will naturally ask what right Acquisitiveness has to settle itself in the artistic and literary group. He will naturally conclude that this trait has strayed away from its position in the vegetative division, and settled in a territory not at all suitable to such a grasping, foraging creature as this Mr. Acquisitiveness appears to be. On the face of it this would seem to be a correct way to look at this faculty, but we must not lose sight of the fact that the primary use of nearly all the mental faculties relates to our bodily wants, and that their secondary aspect leads to the improvement and advancement of the race. Ideality tends to the evolution of the race by giving man a love of the beautiful, and thus leads him primarily to select for marriage those whom he conceives to be the most beautiful in order to reproduce the same types. This is the physical aspect of this so-called poetic trait. Now, Acquisitiveness in its primary use, both in man and animal, is devoted to getting, first, food for sustenance; second, materials for clothes and shelter -necessaries of life; hence, in man the signs for this faculty are found in the mouth and teeth and in the grasping flexor muscles, FIG. 77.-MATTHEW VASSAR. (FOUNDER OF VASSAR COLLEGE FOR WOMEN. ALSO, DISTINGUISHED COMMERCIALIST) Conspicuous facial sign, Acquisitiveness, shown by fullness of the nose at the side just above the nostril, denoting its animal use and purpose. From this exposition of the primary use of the faculty of Acquisitiveness we are forced to the conclusion that the visceral organization is its primitive physical base. This logic is emphasized by the fact that those men and animals which exhibit the most Acquisitiveness, and who are most successful in acquisition on a large scale, are those who possess great visceral vigor; for large mouth, jaws, nose, and nostrils announce the presence of great digestive, wide jaws, large and broad ears, wide chest, head broad respiratory, and circulatory just above the ears. The law of the straight line and cube governs this countenance. This face denotes Commercial Capacity and Benevolence about equally developed. The solid expression of the entire face is most striking. The signs for Conscientiousness, Firmness, Patriotism, Love of Home, Economy, Bibativeness, Alimentiveness, Mirthfulness, Benevolence, Friendship, Hospitality, Self-esteem, and Modesty are well defined. Amativeness and Love of Young do not appear very large, for the reason that the mouth has been habitually drawn together in the act of profound thought, yet both these traits are normally developed. The signs of Human Nature, Sublimity, Mental Imitation, Acquisitiveness, Constructiveness, Veneration, Executiveness, and Selfwill are most apparent; Observation is most decided, while Language, Locality, Memory of Events, Reason, and Intuition are large. Altogether forming the picture of an exceedingly well-balanced, capable, and kindly nature. powers; while broad, flat heads and round muscles tell us of predaceous energy; hooked noses, of grasping rapacity; and these signs point to similar characteristics, whether found in rodentia, birds of prey, or in the carnivorous classes of animals. Its more developed mental signs are found above the mouth, in the eyes and nose, that purely human feature adjoining Constructiveness and in close proximity to other well-known characteristic and literary traits; for the man who would build a home or erect a temple, write a sermon, paint a picture, construct a play, or deliver an oration, must first have the desire to acquire sufficient material to carry forward his project to a practical com pletion, and this desire for acquiring materials relates to Constructiveness; hence, its sign in the nose is placed next to the sign for building or constructing. It also adjoins the sign for the stomach, which is a muscular-constructive organ that assists by its power and action to build the body upon strong and firm foundations, and thus adds to man's capacity for constructive works of art and literature. The idea of the intimate relation between Alimentiveness, Constructiveness, and Acquisitiveness has been noticed by J. Stanley Grimes, the most original of all the early phrenologists. He says: It is remarkable that all the animals that acquire property first make use of their Constructiveness to prepare a proper store in which to deposit and preserve it for future use. The beaver, for instance, makes use of his Constructiveness to gnaw down trees and build a convenient hut, and afterward acquires bark to gratify his Alimentiveness during winter. The rat, also, that notoriously thievish animal, first prepares a nest or hiding-place by gnawing and digging in a manner nearly as ingenious as the beaver, and then begins to acquire provisions for the winter. The same is true of nearly all the rodentia. It is interesting thus to trace the connection between the propensities of Alimentiveness, Constructiveness, and Acquisitiveness, and at the same time observe the manner in which they are chained together in the brain.* FIG. 78.-JAY GOULD. (FINANCIER.) Born in America. Conspicuous facial sign, Acquisitiveness, shown by fullness of the sides of the nose, large ears, wide jaws, adjoining the sign for Constructiveness. The law of the straight line and curve governs this face. The indications of the upper part of this physiognomy teach us that most of the domestic traits are normally developed. The signs in the nose show Sublimity, Human Nature, Constructiveness, and Acquisitiveness to be large. This combination enables him to form plans for the acquisition of wealth. The deep color of the eyes, hair, and complexion shows power and intensity of all the faculties. The signs for Veneration, Executiveness, and Self-will are very pronounced; Observation, Form, Size, Locality, and Calculation are well defined; Language normally developed; Memory of Events and Reason are uncommonly prominent. The peculiarities of this mind are similar to those of a chess-player, and it is this construction and combination of traits, quality, and color which give the power for devising schemes for large acquisition. The formation and luxuriance of the hair denote great vitality, and the nose shows descent from long-lived ancestry. Were the lower part of the face visible, the signs for Secretiveness, for which Mr. Gould is noted, would be easily seen. A good physiognomist would be quite able to discern them were he to see the subject face to face. Some of the animals which possess both large Constructiveness and large Acquisitiveness are noted for building most ingenious and artistic structures for dwellings and for defense, such as dams and fortifications. These dwellings cannot be said to be * Mysteries of the Head and Heart, J. Stanley Grimes, pp. 57, 58. Chicago. primarily to select for marriage those whom he conceives to be the most beautiful in order to reproduce the same types. This is the physical aspect of this so-called poetic trait. Now, Acquisitiveness in its primary use, both in man and animal, is devoted to getting, first, food for sustenance; second, materials for clothes and shelter -necessaries of life; hence, in man the signs for this faculty are found in the mouth and teeth and in the grasping flexor muscles, FIG. 77.-MATTHEW VASSAR. (FOUNDER OF VASSAR COLLEGE FOR WOMEN. ALSO, DISTINGUISHED COMMERCIALIST) Conspicuous facial sign, Acquisitiveness, shown by fullness of the nose at the side just above the nostril, wide jaws, large and broad ears, wide chest, head broad just above the ears. The law of the straight line and cube governs this countenance. This face denotes Commercial Capacity and Benevolence about equally developed. The solid expression of the entire face is most striking. The signs for Conscientiousness, Firmness, Patriotism, Love of Home, Economy, Bibativeness, Alimentiveness, Mirthfulness, Benevolence, Friendship, Hospitality, Self-esteem, and Modesty are well defined. Amativeness and Love of Young do not appear very large, for the reason that the mouth has been habitually drawn together in the act of profound thought, yet both these traits are normally developed. The signs of Human Nature, Sublimity, Mental Imitation, Acquisitiveness, Constructiveness, Veneration, Executiveness, and Self will are most apparent; Observation is most decided, while Language, Locality, Memory of Events, Reason, and Intuition are large. Altogether forming the picture of an exceedingly well-balanced, capable, and kindly nature. denoting its animal use and purpose. From this exposition of the primary use of the faculty of Acquisitiveness we are forced to the conclusion that the visceral organization is its primitive physical base. This logic is emphasized by the fact that those men and animals which exhibit the most Acquisitiveness, and who are most successful in acquisition on a large scale, are those who possess great visceral vigor; for large mouth, jaws, nose, and nostrils announce the presence of great digestive, respiratory, and circulatory powers; while broad, flat heads and round muscles tell us of predaceous energy; hooked noses, of grasping rapacity; and these signs point to similar characteristics, whether found in rodentia, birds of prey, or in the carnivorous classes of animals. Its more developed mental signs are found above the mouth, in the eyes and nose, that purely human feature adjoining Constructiveness and in close proximity to other well-known characteristic and literary traits; for the man who would build a home or erect a temple, write a sermon, paint a picture, construct a play, or deliver an oration, must first have the desire to acquire sufficient material to carry forward his project to a practical com |