individuality originate their own style of saying and doing, while the very mediocre follow a set pattern and become mere copyists of their teachers and those whom they strive to imitate. Genius creates on so large a scale and in so distinct a manner as to be worthy of the term original. The grand creative minds in all departments of art, science, and literature have served as models for thousands, yet are unapproachable. True genius and talent are never afraid of plagiarism, for individuality is stamped so strongly upon the works and thoughts of master-minds as to make perfect imitation impossible.

The signs for literary and artistic faculties are so closely grouped together about the tip of the nose as to make the task of deciphering the mental hieroglyphics here located a matter of very close observation. A life-time would scarcely suffice to describe all the meanings of this one feature. Every person presents a different combination of traits, and close scrutiny of even a dozen noses will soon show the student of physiognomy that he has a fine field for Mental Imitation and Analysis if he would separate and then put together into one character the traits which this feature alone reveals. It would show to the student how certain traits influence his actions and how certain other traits, discernible in the nose, modify other faculties found in combination. "Nosology" alone is a great science, and when one wishes to enter the field of physiognomical research, with the view of teaching it, he must be a student of many other sciences before attempting to expound this one. A high knowledge of anatomy and physiology, evolution, hygiene, and heredity must be had before the crowning study of all sciences is attempted. To approach the temple of human science by any other route will result in ignorance and failure. I have shown that every faculty has a long physiological story pertaining to its origin and progress, hence every good teacher must be conversant with such history in order to teach it in its entirety and in order to understand its full import. What is here written is not intended to discourage readers from teaching and imparting to their children and friends what they have learned and mastered of the science. I am speaking more directly to those who would pursue physiognomy as a profession. Little children can and should be taught the indications of signs in the face by their parents, also the meaning of outlines, of colors, or sizes, and the different characteristics pertaining to the several formations of bone, muscle, fat, nerve, etc. A father walking with his son in the public streets can utilize the opportunity and teach him the meanings revealed by the several shapes of the shoulders, heads, limbs, and walk of those before

him, and thus commence the education of this science in youth, in order that the child shall grow up to man's estate armed with such knowledge of his associates as will enable him to cultivate those characters most desirable and most in harmony with himself, and avoid those who would prove a detriment to him in business, society, or in marriage. In order that children shall not be slavish imitators, parents and teachers should instruct them to do everything as nearly in a spontaneous manner as possible. They should urge them to try experiments after receiving a few hints or suggestions from those more experienced; yet, to imitate the nice manners, fine conversation, graceful walk, and appropriate gestures of their associates is most commendable.

This is one of the normal uses of Imitation. It tends to improvement. Reading biography and imitating the methods and habits of inventors and navigators are excellent uses of this pliant faculty. After reading the life of Lady Jane Grey I was so stimulated to be as learned as she in languages that I learned in childhood the Hebrew alphabet, which I found at the head of the Psalms in the book of "Common Prayer;" the Greek letters, which I discovered in a college text-book; while the French and German alphabets I learned from children of those nationalities. As I had no teachers, I could not then advance very far in this direction, but I have always been stimulated to mental efforts by reading or hearing of the labors of others; hence, biography is an excellent study and stimulus for children as well as adults.

The successful writer of children's stories and games must have large Imitation in order to imitate and reproduce the feelings, language, and manners of the young. Like the actor, he must be able to enter into and sympathize with the feelings of those he would depict. Imitating the facial expressions, gestures, and walk of any given character will produce the sort of feeling or sentiment appropriate to that gesture, walk, or expression of that character. Let one throw the face into the expression adapted to the representation of languor, joy, sorrow, rage, or fear, and it will be impossible for him to divest himself entirely of each of these feelings while thus engaged. Sir Charles Bell has remarked this, and I have often made the experiment myself and can vouch for its truth. Imitation of any passion or emotion, or of any particular character, brings with it, in a certain degree, the feelings of that emotion or passion.

Animals of both high and low grade possess the faculty of Mental Imitation as well developed as that of physical imitation. Among the various dog tribes some are trained to perform in public, and do so with a great deal of skill. Others are

bred to the chase and use a great deal of reason, self-denial, and analytical power in adapting themselves to new conditions under new circumstances, and show great fertility of mental resource in assisting their masters. Birds are taught to sing and whistle and imitate the notes of other birds, while the parrot and mocking-bird are wonderful examples of the power of Mental Imitation in animals. Dr. Lindsay mentions the case of a paroquet that could speak several languages, and strear when it was enraged in both French and English. Of ants, it has been remarked by Darwin that "so high is their intelligence that in many senses they may be ranked with man." Elephants show a very high degree of both Mental and Physical Imitation, being trained to assist in many mechanical labors and in warfare, where they show great ingenuity. Orangs have been trained to imitate human beings at table, and spread their napkin over their breast, sit upright, and take the cup, fork, spoon, and knife with all the dexterity if not the grace of a gentleman. Even fleas have been trained to perform in public, and small birds are taught to draw up water in little shells attached to a string when they want to drink. The fact that nearly every sort of animal and insect possesses both Mental and Physical Imitation is well known to all who have made any observation of their habits. Animals are possessed of all the traits which man exhibits, and surpass him in some of them.

SUBLIMITY.

"Look, then, abroad through Nature to the range

Of planets, suns, and adamantine spheres,

Wheeling unshaken through the void immense."-AKENside.

Definition. The sense of grandeur and magnificence; nobility and loftiness of character; exaltation; appreciation of immensity; love and perception of the grand and sublime in Nature and character; comprehension of broad and vast schemes, plans, and systems, whether commercial, financial, governmental, scientific, or artistic; understanding of the far-reaching power of God's laws, as evidenced in the immensity of Nature. It is large in astronomers, inventors, mechanicians, epic poets, historical painters, great orators, and talented composers, naturalists, and scientists.

Its excess is shown by an inflated and extravagant style of writing and speaking. It also leads to too large plans in business which, unless dominated by reason and practicality, end in disaster.

Its deficiency tends to narrowness of thought and deed, and divests the character of a sense of the grand and heroic; its absence is shown by low, petty, groveling, and commonplace ideas and actions. This class of minds have no conception of the

SUBLIMITY.

majesty of Nature, nor can they appreciate and understand the motives and character of those who move in the higher realms of life.

Facial and Bodily Signs.-The most decided facial sign for Sublimity is seen in the peculiar development of the tip of the nose, causing the outer corners at the tip to be rounded and full externally to the signs for Ideality. Large, full eyes are a secondary sign, while symmetry and general high development of the body and mind are usually accompanied by a fair share of Sublimity.

DESCRIPTION OF SUBLIMITY.-As we have now advanced in our investigation of faculties into the literary and artistic group, the facial signs for which are situated in the lower third of the nose, at and about the tip, and, as we leave behind the study of the merely vegetative or domestic sentiments, we shall expect to find artistic, scientific, and literary signs in the countenances of those whose life-efforts attest the presence of the faculties best adapted to the creation and exhibition of such works.

Undeveloped persons and races reveal a very slight degree of the faculties the signs of which are so prominent here, yet many animals exhibit fine, artistic, and mechanical skill in the building of their homes and nests, as witness the beaver's dam, the mole's burrow, and the wonderfully ingenious nests of birds, spiders, ants, and bees. By comparing the talents and works of developed men and perfected animals with the works of undeveloped men and the lower animals, we shall find that evolution is the force or factor which has advanced certain races to such states of physical or physiological and anatomical perfection as to enable them to excel in thought and deed, in plan and performance, those who have remained at a much lower grade of physiological development.

Accordingly, we find that those fine constructive traits, the signs of which are seen in the noses of the greatest of the human race, are accompanied by bodies whose structure warrants us in believing that function and faculty develop pari passu, and thus it is that in those endowed with large Sublimity we observe the development of a fine quality of the muscles, also a fine and sensitive quality of the brain and nervous system, and this development always makes its impress upon the nose by creating greater breadth at the tip. The more we investigate the science of physiognomy, the more we shall become cognizant of the fact that advance of intelligence is always registered in the nasal organ, and the signs here displayed can be corroborated by reference to the structure of all parts of the body, as well as by observing the quality of the organism. Sublimity being the exclusive faculty of the most

developed minds, and being also the trait that is characteristic of all those who are endowed with the capacity for comprehending and reproducing mental and material pictures of the vast and boundless works of Nature, we should naturally expect to find them furnished with bodies and faces in marked contrast to those who are mean, sordid, servile, miserly, currish, narrow, stupid, and obstinate. That there is a wide difference in the nasal appearance of these two classes can be easily demonstrated. Let the reader place

Born in England, 1792. Conspicuous facial sign, Sublimity, shown by roundness and width of the tip of the nose. The law of the straight line, square, and curve governs this face. In this great countenance we observe general development, The quality is very high. The signs for Conscientiousness, Firmness, Patriotism, Love of Home, Love of Young, Benevolence, Economy, Alimentiveness, Sanativeness, Self-esteem, and Friendship are well defined; while the mental signs in the nose, Sublimity, Mental Imitation, Hope, Analysis, Constructiveness, Acquisitiveness, Veneration, Executiveness, and Self-will are uncommonly conspicuous. The faculties which create mathematical and geometrical ability are also large. Observe the signs for Form, Size, Weight, Locality, Calculation, Order, Time, and Memory of Events; while Reason and Intuition are of the highest order. The hair is corroborative of genius, being luxuriant and falling in a unique and strongly individualized manner.

before him portraits of the most distinguished poets, painters, actors, heroes, orators, astronomers, philosophers, scientists, discoverers, and inventors by the side of a similar number of sneak-thieves, cowards, stupid and commonplace persons, and he will find that the bodies and countenances of the former are

quite different in appearance from the latter; he I will find that the structure of the bodies of the former is more harmoniously proportioned; he will observe that the face is more symmetrical, and, above all, he will discover that the nose, particularly at the tip, is quite different in appearance every way from that of the lower class. The conclusions which we draw from the above in regard to the origin of Sublimity are that this faculty is dependent upon an equilibrated and perfected development of the mind and body. Now, I do not use the term perfected as expressing an absolute condition of perfection, but in a relative sense: I mean that one class of those mentioned are more advanced structurally,-are on a higher plane of evolutionary progression than those who are totally lacking in this trait.

The mental phase of Sublimity will now be discussed. One of the greatest aids to the scientist, who passes his time in project