When one is wanting in Resistance he is tame, mild, and conciliatory in speech; he relies upon this tone to win and convince. The most morally-inclined persons with small Resistance will not defend their beliefs with any degree of power, preferring to be thought cowardly rather than take a bold stand for principle. Such individuals are often charged with deceit, treachery, and want of truth because unable to stand up and speak out decidedly at the right time. This class are wholly incapable of defending friends and children, preferring rather to shield them and keep them out of danger than to battle for their rights in any way.

Cursing, swearing, and threatening are vulgar forms of its excess. Uncivilized races generally exhibit many of the signs of physical resistance. In these races savagery and brutality are indicated (as in the most brutal beasts) by a thick, coarse skin; coarse, thick hair, and dull eyes. The bear and wild boar are illustrations of this grade. The eyes of a celebrated lion-tamer, attached to a menagerie which I attended, were dull and brutal in expression. When I questioned him as to the capacity of savage beasts to yield to the power of love or kindness, he replied: "They only understand a good beating and respect nothing but superior force." I think this is also true of brutal people.

Tusks and tushes in animals are signs of savage resistance and belligerency, and are never observed in the mouths of the most noble and peaceable animals. Whenever a tusk is exhibited in a human mouth it is indicative cf lack of feeling or some form. of cruelty or malignancy in the disposition. Fortunately, such appearances are rare in the human family.

SECRETIVENESS. ·

Definition. Reserve, reticence, policy, concealment, evasion, and watchfulness. It creates a scheming and managing disposition, often on a very small scale.

An excess tends to slyness, selfishness, cunning, deceit, suspicion, falsehood, treachery, craft, and artfulness.

A deficiency creates artlessness, want of tact, imprudence and indiscretion in speech, and too much frankness in the discussion of one's affairs.

Facial and Bodily Signs.-Compressed and thin lips; small mouth; half-closed, peeping eyes; very small eyes; shy and sly glances out of the corners of the eyes; furtive, stealthy looks, and long lashes, all indicate different degrees of Secretiveness. Broad, flat nostrils are a sign of secrecy common to negroes and many undeveloped races and certain carnivorous animals. A very subdued tone of voice and a mumbling, indistinct utterance characterize

secretive individuals. They never enunciate loudly and clearly except when they are acting a part, and this unaccustomed loudness should be a warning to others. Arched feet and long, curved claws also betoken Secretiveness, as seen in the feline tribes and among the larger beasts and birds of prey.

DESCRIPTION OF SECRETIVENESS.-Secretiveness in the animal kingdom is most developed in the lower classes of the carnivora, viz., in those beasts and birds to which Nature has denied either great strength of intellect or great bodily vigor. The deduction,

Principal facial sign, Secretiveness, shown by the thin, compressed lips and furtive expression of the eye. The entire expression of this face gives one a good idea of a secretive character; the lips alone announce that this is a dominant trait. The wide-spread nostrils are secondary signs of Secretiveness. Firmness and Con

then, to be made in this
case is that Secretiveness
is a trait of inferiority, de-
signed as a compensation
for some deficiency of mind
or body; hence, Secretive-
ness is given to hide the
defect and enable the timid
and weak animal to both
avoid and prey upon his
enemies. Without craft
and slyness such characters
as the snake, the fox, the
rat, the coon, the opossum,
the hare, and similar beasts
would be entirely unable
to gain a livelihood. Na-
ture therefore gives them a
stealthy, cunning, and sus-

scientiousness are not largely developed. Approbative picious disposition, which

ness, Friendship, Self-esteem, Alimentiveness, Color, and Force are well-defined. Of the mental traits, Caution, Acquisitiveness, Locality, Veneration, Size, Form, Calculation, and Memory of Events are noticeable.

in their case is a great
protection and assists them
in acquiring food.

The logic derived from the observation of this trait in the animal holds good in its application to the human being. In all characters celebrated for their intellectual and moral power we find Secretiveness at its minimum, and replaced by intelligence, reason, strength, and conscience, together with practical and mechanical abilities, which serve to maintain the individual and to enable him to deal with his fellows in a conscientious, unselfish, intelligent manner. Secretiveness in a normal degree is an important factor in human character. Without a due degree of secrecy we could not be just to our friends nor plan and manage our own affairs with interest to ourselves. A well-balanced mind, possessed of conscientiousness and good reasoning faculties, will find little use for great

Secretiveness for the reason that such minds possess a mental opulence which furnishes them with resources for every emergency, without recourse to concealment, trickery, lying, or deceit. Characters like George Washington or Abraham Lincoln, for example, could maintain themselves in every position and emergency without constant use of this trait. Lincoln possessed a native tact and shrewdness which aided him in many great crises. He also was large in conscience,-another valuable assistant.

The physiological peculiarities of secretive men, as well as of secretive animals, are simi

lar. The flexor muscles are tense and the glandular system somewhat defective, and these defects of structure cause such functional action as to greatly affect and modify the characters of those thus affected. In secretive persons all the sphincter muscles are closely drawn. The orbicularis oris, the muscle which assists the mouth in opening and closing, is tense. The commissure of the eyes is small, giving that half-closed, peeping, furtive appearance to the eyes seen in many suspicious, secretive, and criminal faces. The thinness of the lips is caused by defective glandular development. Smallness of the eyes is owing to a relatively

Born in France, 1759. The law of imperfect curvation governs this countenance. The principal facial sign is Secretiveness, shown by small mouth, thin lips, and imperfectly curved nostrils. The lower jaw and the nostrils show imperfect curvation or departures from the normal standards of form. The signs for Firmness, Conscientiousness, Benevolence, Amativeness, Love of Young, Mirthfulness, and Friendship are all below the average. Cautiousness is large; so, also, are Human Nature, Veneration, Executiveness, Language, Self-will, Observation, Form, Size, Locality, Memory of Events, and Reason. The entire expression of the lower part of the face is petty and contemptible, while the upper part shows a strong, selfish, dogmatic will, with considerable mental ability.

undeveloped state of the muscular system, while the broad, flat nostrils observed in undeveloped races and animals announce relatively large breathing apparatus, for secretive, stealthy acts require ability for controlling the breath while in active operations, and powerful inspiration is essential in the act of springing upon and seizing prey. The same mechanism assists in holding in and prolonging the emotions in all sly, secret, and dangerous enterprises. Long lashes are indices of timidity,-a mild species of Secretiveness, yet they afford a safe retreat for a melting pair

of lovely eyes when embarrassed by the fulsome flattery of a too ardent lover.

I have observed the faculty of Secretiveness large in many really good persons, yet destitute of some useful faculty in so large a degree that this trait enabled them to hide its deficiency from most people; but scientific physiognomy will not only unveil the innocent possessors of Secretiveness, but will reveal the guilt of the criminal, and both locate his defect and show for what it is the compensation. One of the most estimable women whom I have ever known possessed this trait in an inordinate degree, yet to a friend in whom she had confidence she would unfold all her thoughts, but let another person come into the room she would instantly become silent. Her need of this trait arose from the fact that she was deficient in many practical faculties and was excessively slow in all her movements and mental efforts. She had a very large brain, with small lungs, yet thought and moved too slowly for practical purposes. The reader can readily see that had she been a garrulous, frank, outspoken woman every one with whom she came in contact could have taken advantage of her plans, and in this case she would have been entirely at the mercy of designing persons, with whom she could not cope by reason of her inability to think and act as quickly as the average person and also through her lack of practicality.

Another subject has large Secretiveness. His defect consists in an utter lack of ability to reason upon or comprehend abstract ideas. Yet show him anything of a mechanical nature, such as machinery in motion, or explain to him mechanical principles which he can see in operation, and he is very intelligent in such matters. He is always cautioning his wife not to "talk so much,” saying that she will never succeed," etc. He knows it will not

do for him to talk freely, else he would soon betray his ignorance, and so believes that all should be reticent. He passes in his circle for a very wise man, and his acquaintances speak of him as a "knowing chap," "a deep fellow," and "one who can keep his mouth closed," etc., etc.

Those who have a large share of Secretiveness always feel that they cannot be found out, that their ideas are securely hidden because they do not talk much, hence they think that their plans are perfectly secure from the knowledge of all.

A closely-drawn or pursed-up mouth is an evidence of Secretiveness, if the mouth be small and the lips thin. As the large mouth and large eye are indicative of volume of language, so the converse of this denotes a lack of linguistic power. All orators exhibit very wide mouths and full lips.

Suspicion is the natural outcome of Secretiveness, for a man who is concealing his ideas and plans suspects that others are acting from the same motives; hence, he believes all expressions of kindness cover some ulterior design, and thinks that offers of sincerity are all pretense, and that those who make such offers are actuated by selfishness.

A man, in order to be successful in secret plots and intrigues, must possess a large intellect and a great knowledge of human nature, else his plans will show upon the surface and all his strategy be detected. Such a man was Richelieu, a French statesman and a cardinal of Rome. His face would never have deceived a scientific physiognomist for the reason that his Secretiveness and its compensations were all written in Nature's hieroglyphics upon his face and body. His voice, too, was low and indistinct, and altogether he would have stood a self-confessed intriguer in the presence of a good physiognomist. No need in such cases to ask permission to feel the skull, measure the head, etc.; a few glances, and-behold! the mask is off! One law of physiognomy (most potent in deciding character) shows that those faculties which are dominant or most used are the most apparent in the human countenance, and this explains why astute, crafty, politic, and selfish persons will, under the light of this science, stand revealed, while they believe themselves to be the most secure.

A moderate degree of this trait assists one in being prudent, and causes him to restrain his desire to speak of his own or other people's affairs when it would be detrimental to their interests to do so. "A fool," says Solomon, "uttereth all his mind, but a wise man keepeth it till afterward." One peculiarity of cunning people is that they always like to know the business and affairs of others, while they never return a like confidence. Beware of such for they will ever prove detrimental.

persons,

Actors, as a class, have very large Secretiveness. It is to them a most essential trait. It enables them to completely hide their own personality-their voice, their walk, and their natural gestures and assume the entire personality of the character which they wish to personate. To novelists like Katharine Anna Green, who writes excellent detective stories, it is most essential. It enables them to keep back the part of the plot upon which the story hinges and hold the reader in suspense, and retain the interest and mystery until the denouement. Wilkie Collins' physiognomy indicates this trait, as do the faces of many other authors.

Secretiveness is very large in the English, and shows in their exclusiveness and suspicion of strangers and travelers. It is much less in the Americans, who are very free, frank, and communicative