The restorative powers of animals are manifested in a greater degree than in civilized man, and they also exhibit in many cases an intuitive or instinctive knowledge of the remedial powers of certain herbs, of rest, and diet. They also evince considerable ability in surgery, often practicing it upon themselves, and assisting each other. Cats and dogs understand the virtue of certain plants, which they use either as purgatives or emetics according to their requirements. The buffalo, camel, and horse use salt for the purpose of promoting health. The "salt-licks" of all countries are resorted to by various animals for this purpose. The chimpanzee and other apes are known to staunch their bleeding wounds by using their hands to compress them, or by stuffing grass and other things into the wound to relieve themselves (Livingston). Many animals lick their own and other's wounds and sores, thus cleansing them in order to facilitate healing. A dog has been known to perform a surgical operation upon a cat by excision of its tail, which had been partially cut in two. dog bit off the end, and thus relieved his feline friend (Lindsay). Many animals take the orphaned offspring of other animal species and nurse them at their breasts, and do a parent's part by them. Dogs and elephants have nursed and cared for injured and sick men and children, and have saved human lives, by their acuteness in scent and sound, from drowning and fire, and in a thousand ways they attest that the principle of Sanativeness in all its phases is possessed by various animal species.

The

Longevity in animals is disclosed by the same general signs as in man, the long, slim-necked giraffe living a relatively shorter life than the round, muscular tortoise, or the broad-built elephant. In short, animals possess in common with man, in varying degrees, all the phases of Sanativeness, and which they manifest, as he does, by both mental and physical acts and means.

If the love of life were not a universal and dominating trait, both men and animals would "shuffle off this mortal coil" upon the slightest provocation. Suicides are committed by animals from the same causes which induce men to commit them. Man must have within himself a great restraining influence, else very few would stand up under the innumerable disasters, trials, and sufferings to which nearly all mankind are subjected. It requires great heroism oftentimes to exist. The love of health is the next strongest desire of the human heart; longevity or length of days another great human desire. Then follows the yearning exhibited by so many to save life and health by personal service, advice, and medication. All these traits are but phases and manifestations of one fundamental function and faculty which I have included

under the comprehensive term, Sanativeness, from sanative, "having the power to cure or heal; healing; curative; having the tendency to heal."* From this condition of the body all the other phases and aspects of the faculty follow, viz., the power to assist others in sickness, the love of life and health, the dread of pain, and longevity.

The facial signs of the physician are varied and numerous, because this profession requires very superior and varied character. None should enter its ranks unless specially qualified by Nature for this work. One general sign observed in the physiognomies of physicians, and nurses as well, is a prominence of the bones of the cheek, about one inch outward from the outer angle of the eye, and also just below the eye. The other signs found in combination will decide whether the talent is for nursing or doctoring. The physician must possess a good brain system, such as would enable him to take a comprehensive course of study, with large Practicality to enable him to apply it. The shape and size of the nose will give this information. He must have fair Caution, large Reason, Analysis, Observation, Intuition, Self-will, Firmness, Selfesteem, Conscientiousness, and sufficient Secretiveness to enable him to keep a close mouth and command his facial muscles. He must possess fine social and domestic traits, such as Friendship, Hope, Mirthfulness, Pneumativeness, Love of Young, Benevolence, sufficient Amativeness to enable him to be tender and considerate of women, and good health and a vigorous constitution. He requires also fine Ideality to give refinement, large Constructiveness, plenty of Force to give courage while performing difficult operations, together with a high sense of honor and morality. In short, a physician should possess a high and well-balanced, harmonious organization of body and mind, if he would attain the highest success in the healing art.

The surgeon needs many of the foregoing traits, but with larger Form, Size, Constructiveness, Force, and Resolution, as well as great physical courage and mechanical ability. Nearly all superior surgeons exhibit large muscular development; that is, the muscles must exceed the bones in order to give strength and suppleness, without large size of the hands and fingers, which are round, flexible, and inclined to taper; hence surgeons are roundbuilt men, with broad, rounding heads, broad shoulders, deep chest, and a strong and not an oversensitive nervous system. This profession requires a combination of the brain and muscular systems predominant.

All natural nurses exhibit the facial sign about the corner of

* Webster.

the eyes, and manifest a desire to be with the sick, and exhibit their skill in their treatment. They should have a good, vigorous constitution; large Caution, Hope, Mirthfulness; not too much Loquacity, yet enough to interest and amuse the invalid; large Pneumativeness, to detect odors and atmospheric changes and qualities; good Conscientiousness and Firmness, to give decision and perseverance without being rigid or severe; good Alimentiveness, to enable them to eat well and be able to choose and prepare suitable foods for the sick. A nurse may possess either the bone and brain systems, with a good degree of the vegetative, or a combination of the muscular and brain systems dominant.

Natural healers are, as before stated, usually found with the muscular or nervous systems dominant; yet I have known some very good healers, who combined nursing with healing qualities, in whom the vegetative and muscular systems were supreme. Healers acquire, by long and continued practice, a sensitiveness of the sense of touch and temperature which enables them to locate a disease by the sense of touch, aided by intuition. The diag noses of some of this class are truly phenomenal. Healers should possess the best of health and sound constitution, moral principle, and large Friendship. In their efforts for the sick they are too apt to overdo, and thus break down early. They should bear in mind that vitality is limited, and endeavor to conserve their powers by plenty of rest and a good deal of fresh air and sunshine. These are indispensable to those who would retain healing powers unimpaired for years.

SELF-ESTEEM.

Definition. Self-respect, independence, true pride, dignity, decorum, self-reliance, nobility, self-control, love of leadership, selfhood, elevation of character.

An excess induces intense egotism, insolence, haughtiness, tyranny, and an overbearing assumption of superiority.

A deficiency tends to lack of dignity, want of self-reliance and true independence, with little, if any, ability to lead or command.

Facial and Bodily Signs.-The principal sign for Self-esteem is length of the upper lip. The principal bodily signs are an erect carriage, a high head, erect shoulders, chin carried slightly forward, and feet turned well outward. Those with short, upper lips have relatively less Self-esteem than those with a long upper lip. The length of the upper lip also indicates (if the color is well defined) the strength of the spinal column and strength of the vertebrae. It leads the individual to carry himself with a vigorous

and independent bearing; and as mind and body always act in unison, Self-esteem and a very erect carriage are the results of the integrity of the bony system, which is also manifested by a strong and straight vertebral structure. See the portraits of Admiral Farragut, Herbert Spencer, John G. Whittier, and others.

DESCRIPTION OF SELF-ESTEEM.-The limbs of those possessed of large Self-esteem are long and straight; the fingers long and bony. Self-esteem originates in the osseous system and is best developed in those in whom this system is dominant. The length of the bony structure of the upper jaw gives the facial sign, and this indicates its source or base. By virtue of the same logic we find that stiffness and strength of the vertebræ, or bones of the spinal column, and an erect carriage of the body and head are among its bodily indications. When the osseous system is strong, well developed, and sustained by the perfection of the digestive functions, there is evolved such vigor of the mind and of the most solid and enduring parts of the body as leads to Self-esteem, love of leadership, selfreliance, dignity, and elevation of character. The reader can convince himself very readily of the reliable and unyielding nature of bone, and of its ability to impart firmness, solidity, and dignity to character, by comparing the stature and lives of Washington, Jefferson, or any other men possessed of very long and square bones, with the personnel and character of any short, fat, squat individual, and he will become convinced of the reliable nature of bone when exhibited in man or animal.

This trait imparts ability for enduring and overcoming one's own weaknesses as well as the opinions and weaknesses of others. In disease, it assists in sustaining the patient in a measure and leads him to rely upon his own efforts and self-control to promote recovery. It is a grand force in a character, in a normal degree, but where a large excess has been transmitted and unduly exercised it is a perversion, and the most offensive egotism, haughtiness, contempt, and tyranny take its place, and thus weaken and make despicable the character exhibiting this perversion. Insane asylums contain many characters whose unbalanced or excessive Self-esteem is most marked, and they announce themselves to visitors as "Jesus Christ," or "Queen Victoria," or "Napoleon Bonaparte," or some other celebrated character, with all the earnestness of truth.

The position of the facial sign of Self-esteem is worthy of analysis. It is dominated by the sign for Modesty, which cuts a channel through the centre of the upper lip and seems intended to tone down the haughty assumptions of a too-excessive egotism. Just above it stands Hope, to cheer and lead upward a strong

selfhood, without which it would be content with mere self-contemplation; while above it are all the traits which disclose artistic, literary, and musical ability, grouped together to attract the character toward active labor in those directions, and thus give a real foundation for true pride in meritorious achievement; while Amativeness and Love of Young each develop feeling toward others, which modifies somewhat the constant thought of self-importance; for each of these sentiments demands recognition and sends out to

INDEPENDENCE."

Conspicuous facial sign, Self-esteem, shown by length of the upper lip. The law of the straight line and square governs this face. Elevation of mind is the dominant characteristic of this noble character. A developed vegetative system gives a firm foundation upon which is built a broad and lofty mentality. The signs for Firmness, Conscientiousness, Patriotism, Love of Home and of Young are most marked. The height, length, and width of the nose announce a marked and vigorous mentality. The signs for Human Nature, Analysis, Constructiveness, Mental Imitation, Sublimity, Veneration, Executiveness, Self-will, Observation, Memory of Events, and Reason are all large. His stature was tall and commanding and quality fine.

children, lover, and husband a share of attention, and thus tends to draw off the mind from too much self-contemplation and selfglorification,-a condition which would be the natural result did not mental tastes and desires, as well as domestic sentiments, arise to prevent the character from becoming entirely absorbed in contemplation of itself.

In many characters who exhibit an excess of Self-esteem, a certain trait or several traits are observed to be relatively feeble; either Love of Young, Amativeness, or else a poor development of artistic or literary tastes and capacities will be observed. Those who possess an inordinate degree of Selfesteem seem often, in their offensive assumptions of superiority, in many directions to be insane. They carry this egotism and hauteur to such lengths as to lay themselves open to the charge either of insanity or of acting a part. Indeed, excessive indulgence in this self-feeling often brings on morbid states of mind, which, if not checked, induce insanity. The "sublime self-sufficiency of Swedenborg," for example, is a matter most interesting to physiognomists, for when his portrait is examined scientifically the faculty of Self-esteem will be found second only to the faculty of Credenciveness, and both were abnormally developed. Indeed, the physiognomies of