with small digestive capacity care too little for food, and are usually poor judges of flavors, odors, etc.; they make poor caterers, and I have known some mothers so deficient in Alimentiveness as to be unable to provide properly for the wants of their children in this direction. This class of persons should never keep a boarding-house or hotel, for they would be most unsatisfactory hosts.

The mouth being the entrance to that chemical laboratory, the stomach, large size of this feature with full lips would naturally disclose great appetite and power for digestion. As the large size of the nostrils

indicates the size of the lungs, so large size of the mouth tells us that the entire digestive apparatus is on a corresponding scale. Fullness of the lower part of the cheek, particularly, is an unfailing sign of digestive power, for if the food assimilate with the juices of the stomach, pancreas, and liver, the lower part of the cheek will indicate this condition. Large development of the parotid gland just in front of the ears is another proof of assimilative power. When this gland is well developed, a soft cushion-like protuberance will be observed

Born in Massachusetts, 1811. Conspicuous facial sign, Alimentiveness. The law of the straight line, curve, and sphere governs this physiognomy. This subject was formerly president of the New York Chamber of Commerce and has exhibited administrative ability of a high order. In his countenance one sees the signs for Alimentiveness, Hospitality, Friendship, Approbativeness, Self-esteem, Conscientiousness, Love of Home, of Country, and of Young all very pronounced. His mental powers are shown by the signs for Veneration, Executiveness, Self-will, Order, Form, Size, Memory of Events, and Reason.

directly in front of and below the opening of the ear. It is usually large in outdoor laborers, seamen, farmers, and all who eat heartily and digest well. It is small and weak in those who are deficient in digestive power and are poor feeders. Eating and absorbing solids and liquids was the first or primitive function; from this starting-point all the functions and faculties have developed by differentiation and evolution. The mouth is not only the register of the function of digestion, but it is also the principal organ of speech, and is therefore by its size and shape indicative both of the quantity, volume, and quality of language. Its size and form, color and texture combined, indicate the grade

of development or refinement of character, not only of the social and domestic traits of which it is primarily representative, but it is decisive of the general grade of the refinement of the individual in his entirety. This fact is patent to all good observers.

The mouth does not denote the mental faculties in so precise a manner as the nose, yet it does by its size, form, color, etc., give the general tone or grade of the individual; most especially while in motion the play of the muscles will serve to reveal more of the character than when in repose; yet both must be taken together. The good examiner will cause the subject to converse, smile, and laugh, in order to get as many expressions of the mouth and its adjacent parts as possible, for all movements are significant; nothing is too small to be valueless. I have made quite a different estimate of character after observing the play of the muscles of the mouth than I had previously formed.

The mouth is furnished with an exceedingly muscular tongue and numerous glands which secrete and excrete a variety of juices, which, mingling with the food, assist the process of digestion.

The use of the mouth as an active agent in digestion will not be fully understood unless the reader makes himself thoroughly acquainted with the mechanism and anatomy of the mouth; then the eating and speaking capacities of this feature will be understood and its full importance as a revelator of character comprehended. In writing upon physiognomy it seems necessary that the physiology and anatomy of every feature should be described, along with the exterior and mental descriptions, but the limits of my work render this impossible, and I can only recommend the student to make use of a good work on these subjects, in connection with this one, otherwise he will have only a surface knowledge of character, for mentality is a question of physiology, and impossible to be comprehended without a fair understanding of its laws.

Appetite is the normal expression of this function, yet, as the stomach is often perverted by excesses or improper food, it cannot be always relied upon as a guide. Reason and observation must come in to assist the appetite in its demands, and only such foods as experience has demonstrated as nutritious should be partaken of. No function is more abused than the function of digestion. Most people eat entirely too much, and this leads to many and serious disorders.

Each individual stomach is so entirely different from every other, that no one in particular is a guide for any other; for the articles of food which nourish some act as poisons upon other systems. In this regard, each must be a "law unto himself." Many persons have a decided liking for certain articles of diet

which seriously disagree with them, and this furnishes the best proof of the statement that observation, reason, and self-control should be the guide of appetite. Mothers should always supervise the diet of their children and compel them to refrain from eating things unsuited to them, or at improper hours, and in immoderate quantities.

Nature has brought forth many youthful geniuses in music, art, and mathematics,-children, who, like Mozart, could compose music at four years of age; orators at ten, like Harry Shannon; mathematicians at three, like George Bidder; but Nature has never yet produced a child with a genius for selecting proper food for itself, nor a genius for bringing itself up properly. Think of this, mothers, when you are inclined to allow your children to select dainties and leave the substantials untouched, because they say they "can't relish them," and "soft-headed" mothers believe this, and keep up the supply of cake, pie, sweetmeats, etc., until Nature puts a stop to it by disease or death.

I have seen many children who have hoodwinked their parents in this manner for years, yet when taken to where there were no dainties to be had ate as heartily as other children. Such children should be compelled to eat wholesome food by withholding sweets, etc., from the table, and very soon a normal appetite would be discovered. Yet mothers should study children's peculiarities with a view of providing suitable foods; for black-eyed children cannot always relish the same foods which blue-eyed children desire. Dark-eyed, bilious persons often find milk wholly indigestible. Sweets, also, are not so suitable for them as for the lighter colored. The reason for this lies in the fact that the liver is not usually so active in dark people as in the light skinned. The heart is relatively stronger than the liver in the former, and this accounts for many seeming inconsistencies and idiosyncrasies in diet. Certain diseases affect different-colored persons in different manner. So well is this understood by one school of medicine, at least, the "Homœopathic," that it gives different medicines for the same disease to those of diverse color of complexion and eyes; and this accords with the teachings of scientific physiognomy, for physiology is at the base of the science, and nothing, however minute, is regarded as unimportant in this study. The most minute differences are not unimportant but highly significant, and explain all sorts of dissimilar characteristics. This diversity extends not only to the question of food, sleep, etc., but must be observed in the manner of instructing children of dissimilar colors; for children who are light, with bright red-colored complexion, made so by large lung development, learn everything "on the

wing," as it were, and can never be made to plod like the darkerskinned children, who are more capable of enduring continuous, monotonous habits; for where the lungs predominate over the heart unceasing activity is the law of being. Physiognomy comes with all these new ideas to mothers and teachers to bless their labors by giving them an intelligent method of instructing and interesting youth, based upon law and science. It is as palpably absurd to compel children of the most diverse conditions of body to feed alike, as it would be a palpable violation of good taste to compel all children of both dark and light complexions to wear precisely the same colors, for every one possessed of taste knows that bright, vivid, rich colors harmonize best with the brunette complexion and dark eyes, and that light blue and white look best upon blonde or fair persons. There are laws regulating the fitness of food as there are laws regulating the appropriateness of colors. It should be the duty of every one to seek out for himself the law of his stomach and digestive apparatus, and then make a serious and religious effort to abide by it. If religious principle is required more in one direction than in another, it is in reference to habits of eating and in the propagation of the race. We are taught in the Bible that eating was the first or primal sin. It is plain to be seen that all of Eve's descendants have received through the laws of heredity this propensity in an aggravated and intensified form. The sin of overeating is universal and as prevalent among the most religious and civilized races as it is among the uncivilized heathen. Hygienic law in eating should be observed, not individual preference, nor will; nor perverted, vitiated appetites and passions; but law sanctified by reason, selfcontrol, self-denial, and moral principle. For this reason God has placed Conscientiousness among the domestic faculties, where it is most needed to check and rule them. He did not wait until He had built the whole edifice of man and then put conscience on top like a steeple on a church. Evolution teaches us that Conscientiousness-that is to say, speaking physiologically, the fluid or kidney system was created soon after the primitive function of Digestion appeared. Its appearance at this time in the creation of functions shows its importance to the system, for it was evolved long before the heart, the liver, the lungs, the blood-vessel system, or even before the sexual system appeared; hence its high significance and value to all the rest of the bodily functions and mental faculties. Religion and Conscientiousness are not subjects for church worship alone, but should be incorporated into our daily life, into our habits of eating, drinking, sleeping, rest, exercise, labor, and, above all, their highest principles should be applied to the generating

of better bodies and minds. Until these principles are thus applied, no one can be said to be truly religious or moral.

AMATIVENESS.

Definition-Love of the opposite sex, procreative energy, physical passion, conjugality, manliness and womanliness, sexual perfection, energetic individuality, fecundity, base of mentality.

An excess of Amativeness tends to immodesty, unchastity, and to unbridled licentiousness, lust, prostitution, obscene language, and slight regard for sexual ethics.

Deficient Amativeness makes the character narrow, unsocial, and unlovable, with no power to attract the opposite sex. It also shows lack of creative ability in art, etc. Those deficient in love of the opposite sex are wanting in magnetism, and often exhibit a morbid, shrewish, suspicious manner, and angularity of body. Hermits and misers are usually very much lacking in this faculty and function.

Facial and Bodily Signs.-Fullness, redness, and moisture of the centre of the upper lip; large, convex eyes; rounding, muscular body; round limbs, and muscular hands and fingers. The full lip by its size, color, and moisture indicates vigor and development of the reproductive system, and is a primary sign. The eyes by their size disclose the degree of the sentiment of love of the opposite sex, while their shape and position show the kind of love present. Small mouths and a thin upper lip denote very little Amativeness; very small, sunken eyes also show a relative deficiency of this faculty and associated function. Muscular persons and races are more prolific than those who are bony or angular, and exhibit a more demonstrative sentimental and affectionate disposition. A face which exhibits a small, narrow mouth, with thin lips and narrowness between the eyes, is indicative of narrowness of the pelvis, with weakness of the uterine glands; and this formation of the body is unsuited to successful parturition.

Rounding out of the lower part of the back of the head discloses Amativeness by virtue of its being one of the signs of the dominance of the muscular system, which rounds and curves every part of the body. All muscular persons and animals exhibit this formation. This is, however, a secondary sign. Phrenology gives it a cerebral and primary one, although rounding of the body and limbs are also bodily signs of Amativeness and procreative

energy.

DESCRIPTION OF AMATIVENESS.-Love and hunger are the two most important of human functions and faculties. Nutrition and reproduction stand in direct relationship to each other. The strife