civilized communities the two domestic sentiments of Love of Home and Love of Country are usually found united in varying degrees; some exhibiting more of one than of the other trait.

Love of Home is a faculty which is strengthened and developed by every-day life, while Patriotism is a trait which develops best under the excitement and stimulus of great crises in a nation's existence rather than by its daily, habitual exercise. To become a patriot of a high

order, such as Washington, Jackson, Jefferson, and Paine were, there must necessarily be a combination of high and lofty faculties, together with great intellectual power; but the Love of Country, pure and simple, may glow as brightly in the breast of the humblest citizen or common soldier as it does under the uniform of a general.

The scope of this faculty is very wide, and demands exercise in different ways in different peoples. It looks to governments as a means of protecting the citizen within and to repel invasion from without. Men institute governments which in their quality are the exact expression of their grade of development as human beings. The savage seeks and erects an

His

Born in New York, 1824. Principal facial sign, Patriotism, shown by fullness of the centre of the lower lip. The law of the straight line, square, and curve governs this countenance. This wonderfully illuminated face and speaking eyes reveal the fire of patriotism which burned within. Thomas Starr King stood in the first rank as an orator, preacher, poet, and writer. patriotism kept alive the Union sentiment of California during the late Civil War; his style of oratory was logical, rhetorical, and magnetic. Under the excitement of his emotions when speaking of the Union and the old flag his eyes fairly blazed with patriotic excitement. The facial signs for Love of Home, of Country, Love of Young. Friendship, Penevolence, Amativeness, Conscientiousness, Approbativeness, Veneration, Sublimity, Analysis, Mental Imitation, Constructiveness, Ideality, Form, Size, Language, Order, Memory of Events, and Reason are most decided. The dense color which shone in his eyes, hair, and complexion gave force, intersity, and dramatic fervor to his utterances.

absolute despotism; some of the European nations are under constitutional governments,-England, for example; and in this country the people are more generally intelligent, hence more capable of self-government. In our country, America, every man is a sovereign, and equally responsible with every other man for the stability, integrity, and perpetuity of the government; and, according as the laws are administered and justice meted out, just so far does the existing condition of affairs represent

the grade of development to which we have attained, morally and mentally.

In respect to our grade of the moral sense or sense of justice we have need to take a great step forward and rise to the height of perfect justice, and give to our women citizens the right of suffrage, in order that their moral and purifying influence may assist in elevating to grander heights of justice and nobility our otherwise unsurpassed government and country. England has set us a worthy example in this respect, and now all her women citizens are clothed with the franchise,-provided they have the necessary property qualification.

Love of Country combined with Friendship leads men to unite for the common good; with large Veneration, obedience to law and order results; with Force and Resistance large, will defend the honor and interests of country; and with Order in combination, will seek to frame laws for the maintenance of its institutions.

Patriotism, like all other faculties, can be cultivated under the proper stimulus, and one of the best methods is to teach chil dren to memorize the speeches and poems of our greatest patriots, as well as to familiarize them with the grand actions and utterances of the patriots of all nations. No better or more patriotic address than Webster's reply to Hayne, delivered in the Senate of the United States in 1830, was ever heard. Perhaps his oration at the dedication of Bunker-Hill Monument comes nearest to it in grandeur and patriotic feeling, and these two monuments of his greatness and power have come down to us Americans and should be considered a precious legacy, which ought to be engraved upon the heart and mind of every American citizen, without regard to sex.

This faculty is a primal and universal one, and is adapted to the requirements of all lands and races; hence, the situation of its local sign is in the primitive group of faculties, and its physical support is derived from the action of that primitive function,-the intestinal system,—and from its glandular division.

No mental faculty presents a more lofty aspect than Patriotism when allied to Sublimity, Language, Reason, Friendship, and large Love of Home and of Children. This combination gave the power which inspired the speeches of Webster, Clay, Adams, Calhoun, Wirt, Pitt, Madame Roland, Fox, Sheridan, Emmet, and Gambetta, in our times, and the eloquent and impassioned arguments of Cicero and Demosthenes in former ages.

One patriot like Thomas Paine can change for the better the destinies of millions, for it was his patriotic and fearless sentiments in the cause of liberty which more than any other shaped

and molded public opinion in such manner as to bring about the Declaration of Independence and the freedom we now enjoy.

Love of Country is one of the most unselfish traits of human nature. It ranks with gratitude and moral courage in the grandeur of its purposes, which are entirely altruistic. The patriot seeks not only the good of his fellow-countrymen by whom he is surrounded, but endeavors to perpetuate such laws and institutions as shall shield and protect the interests of multitudes yet unborn,— those who are to come after him. Every patriot cannot be an orator nor a general, yet every man and woman possessed of ordinary intelligence and patriotism can comprehend the principles of gov ernment, and assist in carrying them out. All true citizens should investigate principles and leave politics to the tricksters and political shysters who disgrace our national governmental affairs. Principles, not politics, should be the study of all true lovers of their country. I know of no term which expresses so much that is low, vile, and degraded as the word "politics." It has become degraded by its uses and associations, and the sooner we expunge it and its operation from governmental matters, the better for all true patriots. There is nothing elevating in the study of politics. Men, knowing this, are doubtless right in their opposition to women "dabbling in the filthy pool of politics;" and until this filthy pool is cleaned by substituting the discussion of principles of justice, truth, and purity, it is no place for woman. The various organizations, in this and other countries, which are conducted by women in the interests of humanity, such, for example, as the "Woman's Christian Temperance Union," the "Moral Education" societies, and the various "Labor" associations, which discuss and promulgate personal rights, moral integrity, and the higher laws of justice, are fast educating the masses of both men and women to a comprehension of such principles as will lead to a government in which woman's influence will be needed, for to divorce the higher moral sense of woman from participation in the government is like excluding the sunlight from the earth; and just so long as this course is persisted in, just so long will the vile weeds of intemperance, immorality, and injustice thrive and flourish, and our homes continue insecure and unsafe abodes for women and children. In order to make the home inviolable, that larger home-the nation-must be correspondingly pure, just, and safe; but how can this be so while a man-made government licenses one portion of its citizens to prey upon, destroy, and make mad all other portions of its citizens? How can the home be a secure and safe place for pure women and tender babes, while the demon of intemperance is given full liberty by legal enactment to make

widows and orphans; to rob, murder, and destroy all people without regard to age, sex, or condition? Since one portion of our citizens, after over one hundred years of experiment, have not succeeded in protecting the home and in making the country a safe place for our children, would it not be good policy to let the most. moral and home-loving of our citizens assist in the work of reconstruction? It surely could not be worse; hence the experiment would not work more harm than the present method. I will here make the prophecy that not only will woman participate in governmental affairs equally with other classes of citizens in the year 1900, but that we shall have then a true republic in which the government in all its departments shall be operated at the "price of cost in the interest of the whole people," and not, as now, in the interest of the bankers and monopolists. Then, indeed, will the heart of the patriot glow with pride and gratitude as he enjoys the fruits of his labors and the home of his childhood, and the home of his wife and mother be truly and surely protected by having made that larger home, the nation, a place of purity and justice. Then can he exclaim with the poet :

"Our country! 'tis a glorious land,

With broad arms stretched from shore to shore.
The proud Pacific chafes her strand;
He hears the dark Atlantic roar;
And nurtured on her ample breast,
How many a goodly prospect lies,
In Nature's wildest grandeur drest,

Enameled with her loveliest dyes.

"Great God! we thank Thee for this home,
This bounteous birth-land of the free,
Where wanderers from afar may come
And breathe the air of liberty.

Still may her flowers untrampled spring,
Her harvests wave, her cities rise,

And yet till Time shall fold his wing

Remain Earth's loveliest paradise."-W. J. PALODIE.

Patriotism is a virtue which often demands the greatest tests of sincerity and exacts the highest sacrifice which men can make, for many of its grandest representatives have given up life, fortune, and family for the benefit of their race and country. Yet, in these sacrifices there is to patriots a joy and satisfaction uncomprehended by ordinary mortals. It is a law of human nature that the exercise of the dominant faculties is productive of the highest enjoyment, and doubtless many of the patriotic victims who have died upon the field of battle, or who have suffered upon the scaffold, could have said with Madame Roland:

Truth! Friendship! My country! Sacred objects! Sentiments. dear to my heart, accept my last sacrifice. My life was devoted to you, and will render my death easy and glorious.

BENEVOLENCE.

Definition.-Sympathy, generosity, philanthropy; the love of doing for and giving to others; the desire to relieve and ameliorate the wrongs and sufferings of one's fellows; good-will, kindness, charitableness, love of mankind.

An excess of Sympathy makes one liable to imposition by unworthy objects, or leads to the neglect of one's own nearer duties in the endeavor to assist others. Excessive generosity tends to impoverishment and to the injury of those who have claims

upon us.

Deficient Sympathy and charitableness creates hardness of heart, a churlish, indifferent or inhuman nature. It makes one selfish and regardless of the sufferings of others.

Facial and Bodily Signs.-A full, rolling, red and moist under-lip is an unfailing indication of a sympathetic, generous, or benevolent disposition. In combination with large reasoning faculties and constructiveness we find the philanthropic phase of this many-sided trait. This endowment is very marked in the physiognomies of Wilberforce, Thomas Paine, George Washington, Peter Cooper, and other eminent philanthropists. As a rule, the grossly fat individual is less sympathetic than those who have a more active body; too much fatty material makes one think mainly of one's own comfort, while excessive weight of flesh incapacitates one for those activities of mind or body which are essential to the duties appertaining to true benevolence.

The best organism for the exercise of benevolence is one in which there is a good development of the nutritive system, without too great a deposition of fat. The horse is, perhaps, the best type of a benevolent animal, and he exhibits a long, thin face, with a well-nourished and a strong, capacious body, neither too fat nor too lean.

DESCRIPTION OF BENEVOLENCE.-Benevolence is a faculty of large powers, and manifests many diverse modes of action; hence it is that one single word fails to convey a clear and precise statement of its scope and meaning. The fullest expression of physiognomy demands a new coinage of language. Lavater felt this want and often referred to it. All other sciences have coined words to meet new knowledge: Chemistry, for example, and other sciences, have found ordinary words wholly inadequate to express newly-found laws, substances, qualities, and conditions, and the physiognomist finds such innumerable and diverse manifestations of Benevolence, as well as of all the other faculties, that he is often at a loss to properly designate each one of its several phases.