guide him in the pursuit and choice of food. By the general sensations of touch and the voluntary movements, he is enabled to alter at will his position and location and to adapt them to the varying conditions under which he may be placed. The great passages of entrance into the body and of exit from it are guarded by the same portion of the nervous system. The introduction of food into the mouth and its passage through the œsophagus into the stomach are regulated by the same nervous apparatus; and even the passage of air through the larynx and its penetration into the lungs are equally under the guidance of sensitive and motor nerves belonging to the cerebro-spinal system. It will be observed that the above functions relate altogether to external phenomena, or to the interior of the frame. If we examine, however, the deeper regions of the body, we find located in them a series of internal phenomena relating only to the substances and materials which have already penetrated into the frame, and which form or are forming a part of its structure. These are the purely vegetative functions, as they are called, or those of growth, nutrition, secretion, excretion, and reproduction. These functions and the organs to which they belong are not under the direct influence of the cerebro-spinal nerves, but are regulated by another portion of the nervous system, viz., the ganglionic system, or, as it is more commonly called, the "system of the great sympathetic." *

It is observed that when the latter portion of the nervous apparatus is in an extremely sensitive condition it intensifies the power of all of the special senses, thus assisting very greatly the power for perception of all external objects. It is owing to this keen, vivid, and intense feeling that talented persons and geniuses are able to depict, portray, enact or create the great works of art and science which enrich the world. Intuition is one of the chief attributes of a highly organized mentality. The capacity for education which the special senses possess is shared alike by the Intuition. This faculty or sense can be equally developed until it sometimes assumes a degree of power which approaches the supernatural, and its effect is often in this condition mistaken for the manifestation of supernatural powers. Just to what extent this faculty may be developed it is impossible to say, but since in this age persons possessing singular powers are not persecuted and put to death for exhibiting them (as was formerly the custom) we shall probably be able to experiment and observe unhindered these peculiar and occult developments of intensified and rare organizations which are observed in all civilized communities. Sometimes this trait is. exhibited in a musical genius; sometimes a great scientist startles the world by the discoveries which owe their origin to a large endowment of this sense. The world-renowned Pasteur, the discoverer of the "germ theory" of disease, is an excellent illustration of this faculty. The brain and nerve system is in him preeminent and of very high quality. Indeed, in all our investigations of superior persons, we shall find that an exalted quality of the

Dalton's treatise of Human Physiology, p. 513.

nerves of sensation, of the organs of emotion, or of the muscles, is present, and is in them the main factor which causes an uncommon and high degree of excellence.

I would here suggest to the anatomist who wishes to immortalize his name that he undertake to trace, if possible, the course of connection between the organs and functions of the viscera and senses and the cerebral structure, taking the evolution of the five organ systems for his basis of investigation. He would do what no one has as yet been able to demonstrate scientifically and beyond all doubt.

For many centuries the Aristotelian theory of the circle held possession of the mind of the scientific world. It was argued that as the circle was the most perfect of forms it must hence represent the orbit or path of the celestial bodies through space. Kepler proved this to be an error, and from that moment astronomy advanced with rapid strides. This idea held captive the minds of men, and impeded for ages the advance of truth. The theory that the brain is the sole and exclusive seat of mind, intelligence, and mental sensations has kept back for years the knowledge of the true nature of man, therefore of true religion. If we desire to progress in knowledge of the truth of God's laws, of scientific and exact law, we must utterly repudiate and cast out such monstrous error, and henceforth regard the entire organism of man as the seat of his mind.

I will close this chapter by stating my belief that no one will rise from the perusal of its pages without, in some degree, modifying preconceived ideas as to the rationale of mental operations and the origin and locality of the mind.

The following exhibit shows the various organs and functions from which the several mental faculties derive their powers:

CHAPTER VI.

THEORIES OF THE MODE OF ACTION OF CERTAIN TRAITS.

"No impartial judge can doubt that the roots, as it were, of those great faculties which confer on Man his immeasurable superiority above all other animate things are traceable far down in the animate world."-HUXLEY.

T

HIS age is peculiarly one of invention, of scientific research, investigation, and demonstration. The invention of the numerous and varied instruments used in the discovery of the laws and application of the apparently inexhaustible forces of Nature proves to us that there is nothing created in vain. Recent discoveries in light, color, sound, electricity, and the atmospheres are opening to us the most subtle powers in the great laboratory of Nature. Examine them as we will, destructive as many seem, they have each a use in the great scheme of Nature. Electricity is a creator and a destroyer; air tears down and rebuilds; the atmospheres tend to both life and death. The forces which seem beneficent act also a malevolent part. Why is this? Why does God permit sin?

These are questions which theologians have grappled with, unsuccessfully, for centuries. It is only the scientist who, aided by a persistent and intelligent "interrogation of Nature," can answer these questions. The invariable conclusion will be, that everything has its use and place in the world; that nothing is made in vain; that thunder and lightning are useful; that birds and beasts of prey are necessary. Even snakes, gnats, flies, fleas, and other destructive and annoying creatures have their use in the world.

So in the human family all those passions which, unrestrained and not balanced by justice and reason, cause destruction and suffering, are, in the present undeveloped condition of large numbers of persons, useful and essential to their preservation. Jealousy, revenge, suspicion, force, secretiveness, and conceit, all assist defective individuals in maintaining their lives, happiness, and property. None of these traits would exist in a hurtful degree were all persons born balanced; but as long as natural laws are ignored in the propagation of the race, just so long shall we have to contend with the sin and misery caused by defective, weak, or overforceful