of the upper part of the forehead, and the filling out of the supercilii muscle at its intersection with the pyramidalis nasi muscle are some of its facial and local signs.

The muscular sense, or faculty of weight, is large in singers, musical instrumentalists, acrobats, sailors, athletes, rowers, swimmers, and equestrians, as well as in astronomers, engravers, sculptors, jewellers, glass-blowers, weavers, plumbers, and mechanics generally.

Those who possess a large share of this sense are not liable to seasickness, for the reason that the adjustments necessary for walking, balancing, etc., are easily made, and the individual shifts his position and maintains his equilibrium most readily.

sense.

The united action of the bones and muscles form a system of lever-powers, and hence it is that the joints of those who have sensitive and highly organized muscles can change and adapt their positions more readily than where this system is deficient in size and quality. "Physical Imitation" is a muscular faculty, as well as Constructiveness, Language, and Self-will; hence, it must be apparent to the reader how important is the development and exercise of the muscular system to the growing child, and when he reflects that those faculties which are put in constant use are transmitted in an intensified and augmented degree he will realize the vastness of results which flow from a highly developed muscular The Greeks comprehended the influence which the development of the muscles had upon the character, and accordingly we find that their government sustained at a great expense elaborate gymnasia, where athletic games were taught to men, women, and children. These games were accounted sacred, and great prizes and honors awarded to the successful competitors. How vast the influence which this muscular development of the Greeks has exercised upon ancient as well as modern art, science, and intellect, it would be hard to say, but looking backward to the days of their great sculptors, orators, actors, poets, and crowned athletes we are forced to recognize that the high development of the muscular sense is one of the most important factors in character-building, both mentally, morally, and physically.

Not only is the high development of the muscular system a powerful ally to art, but it also contributes to assist poor, ailing humanity by its magnetic qualities; for we find in this system the capacity for imparting vital powers to those who have lost strength and who are suffering under diseased conditions. The capacity for healing by magnetic powers or manipulation is most strongly indicated where the muscular system is dominant, and is least exhibited where the vegetative system is in the ascendancy.

Locality. Locality is a faculty from which is derived the sense of locating and placing all things which one observes, and of being able to re-locate them by recalling to mind their places and positions.

It is always found large in those who love motion, and accordingly we observe in the faces of travellers the local sign for locality well defined. Naturalists, navigators, scientists, and mechanics find this a most useful faculty, and, as they are obliged to exercise this trait constantly, it soon makes a most decided impress upon the countenance. By constant practice the muscle at the local sign for weight assumes a size most noticeable, and is often mistaken for a false growth or wen by those who are ignorant.of how large a facial muscle may become by constant use. Where the brain system is regnant this faculty and sign are relatively small; so, also, where the vegetative system dominates, but with the muscular system slightly in the ascendant, there we find it the best defined; hence, we know that it originates in that system. Another proof is, that the sign itself is shown by the fullness of a particular muscle. One peculiarity in regard to the signs in the face is that each so-called "mental faculty" exhibits its facial sign by the development in the face of the system or systems from which its power is derived, and which is its physical base; thus, to illustrate, the sign for Benevolence is found in the development of the under lip, and, as the size of the under lip is caused by the development of the glands therein, so we know that Benevolence is created and sustained by the power and action of the glandular system. The only method to observe in tracing the origin of facial signs is to analyze their purpose as well as the system or tissue which promotes their action, observe its laws and methods, and study its immediate surroundings.

FACULTIES DERIVED FROM THE GLANDULAR AND ARTERIAL SYSTEMS.

Analysis of Color.-The ancient writers classified the several races of men by the colors exhibited in their skin, hair, and eyes, and the combinations of colors observed by them were denominated "temperaments." Hippocrates, the most noted physician of ancient times, described four primary constituents of the blood, or what he assumed to be its constituents, as the basis of human character. These he named the "blood," the "phlegm," the "yellow bile," and the "black bile." According to the predominance of one or the other of these components in the individual, he was considered to be either of the "sanguine," "phlegmatic," "the choleric," or "melancholic" temperament. This classification of the structure and character of mankind was the standard authority for ages, and

1

existed as such with slight modifications by later observers, until modern phrenology was announced as a science, when its promulgators modified these four primary temperaments into the lymphatic, the sanguine, the bilious and nervous, or mental; the latter addition being the radical idea introduced into the ancient system. Now, the ancient writers, both in their scientific writings as well as in their poems and statuary, show that they laid little stress upon the formation of the brain as illustrative of character. It was, in fact, an unknown region to them. They knew nothing of its importance to the human body, and did not realize its relations at all. Lavater first, and after him Gall and Spurzheim, the promulgators of phrenology, made the first departure from the ancient method of classification based on color, and classified by the form of the brain, as well as the colors of the organism. The phrenologists went almost as far in one direction as the ancients had in the other: while the latter laid all the stress upon color, so the former laid the most stress upon the shape of the brain, and, going farther, at last located the entire mind therein.

Scientific physiognomy extends somewhat the science of mind, and shows that mind is inherent in every atom of the body; that form, not only of the brain, but of the face, the limbs, the trunk, the viscera, the hands, the feet, the fingers and toes, together with color, quality, size, proportion, and compensation, must all be regarded in order to secure a just comprehension of any individual character of mind. Still, color plays a most important part in revealing character. In order to understand its importance as a revelator of mental and physical characteristics, we must analyze its purpose and trace it to its origin. The color which emanates from the sun is undoubtedly the source from which we obtain the greater amount of coloring matter. Light is composed of all colors, and it is from sunlight that we, as well as all vegetation, derive the larger amount of color. The lesser quantity is brought into the human system through the medium of nutriment received through animal and vegetable foods. These articles of food take up from the mineral constituents of the earth, air, and water portions of coloring matter which, by the fine and subtle chemistries of Nature, are carried through these channels until they reach the complex human system, and are there organized into several colors, which we observe in the white, red, black, and yellow races, as well as in the diverse shades which we find in the Caucasian, or white race. Experiments with the spectroscope have demonstrated that each mineral possesses a color peculiar to itself, and chemical analysis has taught us that a bright-yellow color is a product of sodium or salt; strontium and lithium give forth

red; copper, green; arsenic, lilac. Various shades of these several colors are produced while these minerals are in a state of incandescence, and form what is called their spectra. By the use of the prism, which is a triangular piece of glass, a volume of color from any one of these metals while in an incandescent state can be obtained, and by refraction the lines of light are thrown apart, and the color, which is a property of that particular mineral, is thrown into view. Continued experiments on the part of the great scientists and chemists of the world have demonstrated that the potencies of all substances in Nature may be known by their colors. Now, if it be possible to determine the power of an elementary substance by its color,—such, for example, as sodium, which is a mineral almost universally present in air, water, and in all organized bodies,—would it not be logical to infer that colors as we find them exhibited in the highest organism in the world would be equally susceptible of analysis and classification, and their power demonstrated? The truth is, that color is so universal a constituent of all things in Nature, and man has been so accustomed to its effects, that an analysis of its properties and potencies has not been sought until recently. But the labors of such physicists as Wollasten, Bunsen, Frauenhofer, Helmholtz, Lockyer, Dalton, Berzelius, Kirchoff, Brewster, and others, are unfolding to the knowledge of man the highly important part which color plays in the construction of the entire universe, as well as in its effect upon man's organism. Every phase of color, each shade, hue, and tint, reveals somewhat of man's character, and when the glands by their subtile chemistries have extracted the colors from the nutriment taken into the stomach (which had been previously drawn up from the soil into the grains and vegetables through their roots) and placed them in the skin, hair, and eyes of man, it is quite within the power of ordinary minds to comprehend and interpret the signification of the several colors thus placed.

We have only to refer to the origin and primitive meaning of colors as disclosed by the spectrum and chemical analyses, in order to determine the relation which they bear to man and the powers which he derives from them. We shall find in this comparison a remarkable coincidence of signification, and a true interpretation of Nature's methods of revealing her laws and power.

Without going into an exhaustive description of the significance of colors here, I will briefly state that experiments with the solar spectrum have demonstrated that red gives forth the most heat; yellow stands next in power; green the third; blue still less, while the violet ray has the least of all. The mineral substances from which each of these colors are derived are known to chemists. It

follows as a logical sequence that wherever we find corresponding colors in man we shall also find a correspondence of properties; as, for example, with red, we shall observe the most heat or vitality and power; and thus in decreasing degrees the grade of potency of other and weaker hues. It must be apparent, also, that if certain colors are present in an individual, the mineral constituents from which these colors are drawn must be present; of course, not in the crude state, but organized in the blood, the bones, the muscles, the skin, the hair, and eyes. The variations in the mineral constituents in different human organisms have been proven by the analyses of the several parts of the body in different individuals after death. For it has been demonstrated experimentally by physicists that sodium, calcium, iron, copper, and other minerals enter into the composition of the human body in varying degrees of quantity, and are different in the several organs; hence, the differences in power, health, activity, and appearances in divers individuals are shown and may be known by analyses of the several colors of the various parts of their bodies. One fact is patent to all, that colorless, pallid persons never possess the same degree of health, power, and activity that is exhibited by the well and normally colored. And this is equally true in regard to plants.

FACULTIES DERIVED FROM THE BRAIN AND NERVE SYSTEM.

Mental Order. This department of Order is largest where the brain system is dominant, and enables its possessor to arrange thoughts, sentences, quotations, and all his mental operations in an orderly, precise, and systematic manner. This form of order is operated by the brain purely,-by that part of the brain which is representative of this faculty; for there can be no longer a doubt that every department of mind, every faculty, and every function is represented and localized in the brain; and that this department of Order derives its energy from the brain purely, without the assistance of the muscles, the bones, the viscera, or other parts. We must consider it as having its origin in the brain. Many persons who possess Mental Order in large measure are deficient in Physical Order and seem to have no ability for the methodical systematic arrangement of their homes, furniture, clothing, books, etc. Mental Order is large in writers of history, scientists, and naturalists, and is possessed by inventors and good mechanics.

Physical Order is derived from a square, precise, and orderly arrangement of the osseous system. Where this system is slightly in the ascendancy over the muscular system, we find the best talent in this direction. Its possessors will have a place for everything and everything in its place; will be precise, methodical, exact,