friendly sentiment could be derived from a physical base, and was not altogether the product of the brain or mind, as he had been taught. Why the products of the brain should seem more honorable than the product of any other organ I am at a loss to understand, for the brain is as much an animal organ as is the heart or liver, and the mind is certainly an animal organism. What we should endeavor to do is to get at the fundamental principles of the body, and then adopt those methods of living that are in accord with Nature's laws. For in this way only can we make all functions and faculties seem alike honorable.

Love of Home.-The love of home, like all the primitive or cultivated traits, is exhibited in varying degrees of power and intensity in different persons and races. Some races, the Swiss mountaineers, for example, possess a most ardent love for their mountain heights, and when removed from them often suffer extremly with nostalgia, or home-sickness, and some have died in consequence of their protracted separation from home.

This faculty is a primitive animal faculty, and is quite developed in nest-building in birds, and such animals as the beaver, etc., who make permanent structures for habitation, and in such animals it is more strongly developed than in many wandering, savage, and barbarous tribes who have no permanent, settled abode. Among the civilized races are often found individuals who are natural wanderers, to whom a settled home is unendurable for any length of time. Such persons make good pioneers, hunters, trappers, navigators, founders of towns, and leaders of enterprises which involve travelling. The love of home is more prevalent and stronger in woman than in man, for the conservation of the race demands that the mother shall be a home-keeper, and thus the harmony of Nature is exhibited by creating in the female a more stable attachment to the home. Yet some men are as ardently attached to home as any woman can be. I have met a lady who changes her abode, on an average, six times a year, and shifts the position of her furniture every week. But this is a most uncommon manifestation of absence of this trait.

The local sign for Love of Home is known by fullness of the soft part of the chin just below the sign for Benevolence and adjoining Love of Country. It is derived from the glandular system, as are most of the faculties whose local signs are in this vicinity, for nearly all the signs here represent primitive faculties,—those common to man and animals. The analysis of character must be conducted in a spirit of candor, and without any bias, prejudice, or preconceived ideas of the action of faculties, else no profit can be derived from it. Now, Love of Home is a trait difficult of analysis

by the ordinary observer. To know how much of this sentiment is natural or how much is acquired, or to know whether those who stick close to the home do so from love of it, or whether it is the result of laziness, is a question for the keen observer to decide. Some persons remain in one abode or stay constantly at home because they are averse to making the efforts essential to change, while others exhibit a most decided affection for the home of their childhood, and if obliged to leave it never cease to regret it. The development of the gland below the lip shows more after childhood is passed, for the reason that the face never assumes its perfect form until the character has begun to strengthen and develop.

Patriotism.-The love of country is a faculty which varies in the degree of its manifestation quite as much as other faculties. At first presentation of the subject one would think that love of country must of necessity be a cultivated faculty and an attribute of highly developed persons only, inasmuch as it is exhibited in its highest power by orators, statesmen, and heroes. Without the assistance of physiognomy we might think that Patriotism belonged exclusively to men of this class, but we shall presently learn that this trait is general in all civilized races, and even among the uncivilized there are many who evince the most ardent love of their own land. The Esquimaux, for example, are quite unable to understand how any one can live in a country which has neither ice nor seal, and their attachment for their own land is most decided.

Many persons evince a most lively affection for their country, yet are not locative in their habits, and care little for a settled place of abode; yet these two faculties are in harmony and mutually assist each other. Their local signs in the face adjoin, and their origin is the same: both are derived from the action of the glands. The perfected phase of this trait, which is observed in statesmen and orators, is due to the general development and perfecting of this trait, assisted by other perfected powers in the individual thus exhibiting it.

There are men in private life who are unknown to history and to fame, whose love of country is not excelled by any statesman or hero. There are women, too, whose Patriotism is of the highest order. Such women are the mothers of patriot heroes. It is to be remarked that man has not a single mental faculty which is not equally the attribute of woman, and if woman is possessed of Patriotism it is intended that she should use it and transmit it, for every faculty is for use. Nothing is created by Nature without a purpose, and if it be argued that Love of Country was given to woman to transmit to her sons, I answer that it might have been

given to the male only, and so transmitted as a masculine faculty exclusively without the intervention of the female.

The pages of history are brilliant with the deeds of patriotic heroines, and for one whose glorious deeds shine forth with noonday brilliancy there are thousands unknown to fame who have given up sons, fathers, and brothers, as well as risked their own lives and fortunes, in defense of their country; and the bead-roll of fame might be enriched with names whose deeds were as great as those of Joan of Arc, Charlotte Corday, or Madame Roland. This faculty is universal in the higher races, and is an animal or primitive faculty, and manifested, of course, in a limited and animal-like way by birds and beasts, who show most decided love for their own countries by pining and drooping when transported to countries unfavorable to their development. We must not argue that animals do not possess all of the faculties common to man because they do not express them as we do.

We shall do credit to our modesty if we refrain from setting ourselves up too high above those creatures in whose organisms reside the self-same traits of honesty, affection, maternal love, fidelity, industry, patience, love of home and of country which the highest human races possess, varying only in degree, not in kind. There is no doubt in my mind that the faculties which derive their sustenance from the action of the glands have each a separate source of supply; for example, the sentiment of Amativeness undoubtedly derives its power from the development of the glands belonging to the reproductive system, while the sentiment of Love of Young doubtless receives its sustenance from the mammary glands, which are largest in the female and only rudimentary in the male. This deficiency in the male would account for the superior strength of this sentiment in woman. Love of Home and of Country, as well as Approbativeness and Hospitality, I think must be derived from the intestinal glands. Their signs being in the neighborhood of the mouth, the principal organ of digestion, would indicate this to be the case.

FACULTIES DERIVED FROM THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM.

Amativeness, or Love of the Sexes.-Amativeness and reproductive capacity are known by thickness, moisture, and redness of the centre of the upper lip. When very thick it also denotes glandular, muscular, and adipose development. This sign is better defined in the physiognomies of ancient races and in European faces than in American people. The function of reproduction is more active in the muscular or artistic classes than in all others,

and those who have excelled in creative art will disclose the sign of this function and faculty well defined.

Its use primarily is for the propagation, creation, and perpetuation of the race. Its moral significance is of incalculable importance, for upon its normal action and natural and religious use the purity and welfare of the human family are dependent. It has no functional activity until the age of puberty, at which time important moral as well as physical changes occur. These changes are equivalent to the introduction of an entirely new faculty and function. Its full moral and physiological importance should be taught to youth, as ignorance of the true nature of its powers may lead to disastrous results, which may descend to the innocent for generations and lead to the utter demoralization of

entire communities.

It has been the custom to regard the sexual system as something bad, and entirely animal in its influence upon the human mind; how much that is moral, beautiful, aspiring, social, and artistic proceeds from its normal development the reader will learn as we continue the science of physiognomy in these pages. I feel very much strengthened and fortified in my theories by much that Dr. Maudsley has written, and it is due my readers that my ideas, novel and unique as they may seem, should be supplemented by authority from those who have made a life-time study of mind in all its phases. In referring to the fact that conscience is a matter of physical organization, and also of the effect of depreciated sexual power in man, he remarks :—

Of the moral character of eunuchs, all that we can briefly say is that in most cases they have no moral character; their minds are mutilated, like their bodies; with the deprivation of sexual feeling, they are deprived of all the mental growth and energy which it directly or remotely impairs. How much this is it would be hard to say; but were man deprived of the instinct of propagation, and of all that mentally springs from it, I doubt not that most of the poetry and perhaps all of the moral feeling would be cut out of his life.*

Comment on such evidence is wholly unnecessary. A reference to the faces of all persons who are most remarkable for moral or mental energy will prove the statements here made. All wellsexed men and women inspire more attention and exert more influence in their communities than do those who are more feebly endowed in this respect. I have never seen the portrait or face of any character remarkable for any mental or moral gift whose countenance and physique showed a lack of procreative power. The organs of reproduction are situated in the vegetative or chem

* Body and Mind, H. Maudsley, M.D., p. 118.

ical division of the body. The signs for Amativeness and the reproductive system are located in the vegetative division of the face. Now, although the organs of this system are muscular, the functional action of these systems, both in male and female, are chemical mainly, and assisted by the action of the glandular system. The growth of the embryo is a purely vegetative or chemical process, as much so as is the growth of a plant.

The procreative act is the highest, holiest, as well as the most constructive and creative of which man is capable. It should be so taught and understood, and its high office comprehended thoroughly by those who enter matrimony.

Love of Young.-The local sign for love of children, pets, and animals is shown by the drooping of each side of the upper lip on either side of Amativeness, of which it is the natural and necessary companion. It forms a little "scallop" shape, which also assists in giving beauty to the mouth. Indeed, all welldeveloped mouths present this appearance more or less. Every function that is of use to the individual, and in a normal condition, sets a sign of beauty in the face, and those who learn to understand these signs and their signification will enjoy beauties which are denied to those ignorant of them.

In some subjects the outer sides of the lip project downward, almost overlapping the lower lip, just as is seen in dogs and cows and other animals whose love of offspring is intense. This sign is situated in the same place in all the higher animals. As I have stated elsewhere, when Nature gives the love or capacity for any pursuit she also gives some kind of power for its expression. Hence, when we observe this sign largely defined, we must infer that the ability to nourish or care for the young accompanies it. In some it betokens the physical development essential to the nourishment of offspring,-that is to say, good digestion and a suitable endowment of the glandular system. In others, in whom the brain system is predominant, it is associated with a mirthfulconstructive talent, which manifests itself in the invention of stories, games, and amusements for the diversion of the young. Miss Louisa Alcott, the celebrated writer for children, exhibits this formation; all the signs of this kind of talent are prominent in her physiognomy.

This faculty is manifested in others by love of teaching and training young children and animals. No one can succeed in training dogs or horses who has not this faculty. All of the faculties and functions in the Vegetative or Chemical Division of the face are related in some degree to the glandular system. Now, as love of offspring is generally stronger in woman than in man, she