Measuring the Costs of Protection in Europe: European Commercial Policy in the 2000sPeterson Institute, 2001 - 408 lappuses Trade protection costs the European Community between 6 and 7 percent of its gross domestic product, or the equivalent of the annual economic output of Spain. Continuing the Institute's series on trade protection in major countries (which already includes the United States, Japan, Korea, and China), this study by Patrick A. Messerlin is the first attempt to measure the impact of all types of protection in the European Union. Messerlin uses partial equilibrium methods to assess the costs to consumers and to evaluate the political economy of European protection. He also examines in detail the intricate relations between the major EC domestic policies--from the Common Agricultural Policy to the Single Market in services--and EC commercial policy. He aims to assess their dynamic evolution for the decade to come, which will be marked by the first accessions of Central European countries to the EC and by the debate on the European political union. The study provides a valuable agenda for the upcoming round of WTO negotiations and underlines their role as a support for domestic reforms that the EC should undertake for its own benefit. |
Saturs
Boxes | 6 |
Tables | 11 |
2 Making of the Common Commercial Policy | 14 |
Measuring the Level and Costs of EC Protection during the 1990s | 19 |
1 An overview of EC protection by industry 1990 1995 | 22 |
1 Measuring the level of protection and support | 32 |
The Costs of Protection in the European Community | 39 |
2 Estimated welfare effects of liberalizing the 22 protected | 46 |
4 Annual average national and EC subsidies 199098 | 157 |
5 EC public procurement markets and operators | 184 |
6 Liberalization in select public procurement markets | 186 |
Toward a Slow Ebb? | 197 |
1 A brief overview of the literature on preferential trade | 199 |
1 The remnants of the EC pyramid of preferences | 206 |
Part I | 212 |
3 The EC enlargement to Central Europe April 2001 | 220 |
5 Trade and nontrade barriers for selected farm products | 62 |
Constraints | 71 |
1 The EC trade policy revealed at the 1999 Seattle | 76 |
1 Trade policy topics in EC preparatory texts for 1999 | 77 |
2 Consumer and producer subsidy equivalents and total | 83 |
3 The 1992 Common Agricultural Policy Reform | 85 |
measures 198089 | 89 |
A blueprint for future | 95 |
6 The Cassis de Dijon ruling and EC TR Policy | 105 |
5 EC technical regulation directives and EC imports | 109 |
7 Mad cow disease and the Common Agricultural Policy | 115 |
6 The differentiated impact of EC trade policy on | 123 |
Emerging EC Commercial Policy | 133 |
1 The EC commercial policy revealed at the Seattle | 137 |
Still to come | 151 |
Part III | 227 |
4 WTO dispute settlement cases January 1995May 2000 | 239 |
European Political Union and EC Commercial Policy | 249 |
Appendix A Case Studies | 263 |
Total subsidies to the steel sector approved | 281 |
An overview of the EC agricultural sector | 296 |
Producer and consumer subsidy equivalents | 309 |
EC audiovisual markets Cinema theaters tele | 325 |
Table A 12a Legal framework of EC liberalization in telecom | 339 |
Antidumping | 347 |
Shares in cases by trading | 352 |
Models | 365 |
371 | |
389 | |