The PhD classification includes physicists who hold PhD degrees and/or are working at a PhD level. Included in the graduate student classification are students possessing an MS degree or equivalent training and who: a. The Other or Unknown column includes physicists indicating solely the following specialties or combinations of them: a. Emulsion experiments Have passed preliminary examinations or their equivalent and b. Are planning or engaging in research in high energy physics suitable for a PhD thesis. b. Computer employment in research c. Accelerator design and development *Due to limited response from several of the Federal Agencies the number of graduate students is a low estimate. APPENDIX C BUBBLE CHAMBER DATA ANALYSIS IN THE US A. Introduction The basis for this report on bubble chamber data analysis consists primarily of the results of four surveys of bubble chamber groups for the years 1965-1968. The surveys were initiated by Dr. Arthur Rosenfeld; the latest two were carried out on behalf of Subpanel B of HEPAP. These four surveys obtained information on event production, staff, measuring equipment and computer usage (plus operating budget in 1968). This appendix summarizes these surveys, indicating some of the important trends, particularly total cost, and cost per event. A comparison of operating costs and event production rate of high precision semi-automatic film measuring devices is presented. In addition, data is given on the yearly production of bubble chamber pictures. B. Survey Data Part of the data obtained in the 1968 poll is shown in scatter plot form in Figures 1-4. Each point represents the reply from a single bubble chamber group, the straight line is the average of all reporting groups (about 80% of the US bubble chamber groups are represented in the poll). These data do not include the building and operating of bubble chambers, beams, etc., but are intended to include the entire activity of all people in a group carrying out bubble chamber experiments. Hence, physics staff means number of physicists in a group even though half of a physicist's time may be spent in teaching, or laboratory responsibilities. It is clear that only very crude estimates can be made from data of this type. Some of the scatter in the plots surely is due to differences in interpretation of the poll questions. Even the output variable, the "event," varies in difficulty of measurement as well as physics significance from experiment to experiment. The meaning of the reported operating budget is very uncertain, particularly in the national laboratories. Costs can be estimated more systematically by using the reported staff and computing time, since salaries and computing expenses are a major part of a bubble chamber group's budget. This method of obtaining the 1968 bubble chamber film analysis cost for the US is illustrated in Table I. This procedure overestimates the salary portion of the costs actually associated with bubble chamber work (since it includes teaching and administrative work of the staff); |