There should be some equipment for a sanitarium which would be very modest beds, which would constitute one of the chief items in that list.

We should have the establishment of three field nurse positions here for this jurisdiction. We could use more, but we ought to have 3 immediately, stationing 1 of these nurses in each of the 3 most important points, which would be a great help in our caring for the temporary needs until such time as the patient could be brought into a general hospital.

Mr. SCATTERGOOD. Have you any field work being done now?

Doctor SCOLES. Only such as the other doctor and myself go out to do. We have no field nurses here. We need a head nurse for the hospital here at this time. There are two nurses who are doing all the work now. The night nurse has to sit up or stay up half of the morning to help the day nurse give the treatments and help with the regular routine hospital work that has to be done, which is not right. The nurses here are very much overworked. We give, perhaps, an average of 1,200 treatments a week in the hospital, aside from caring for the regular bed patients. We should have a field ambulance, a light truck or car, to carry in from these outlying districts a sick patient. We have to bring them in in wagons, in a Ford coach, or most anyway we can go out and get them in. It is not suitable for sick patients who should be lying down while being transported over these rough roads.

now.

That in brief sums up our most important needs as I see them If you have any questions I would be glad to answer them. Mr. SCATTERGOOD. Is it not Doctor Jeffries plan that just as soon as the water-supply problem can be solved here to get this hospital built as early as possible?

Doctor SCOLES. I understand he is looking forward to that.

Mr. SCATTERGOOD. I think that has been on the schedule as one of the first things to push as soon as the water problem can be satisfactorily solved.

Doctor SCOLES. Taking the last 10 months, during the first 6 months of that period we had 262 patients come into the hospital; in the last 4 months we have had 250, a marked increase in the hospitalization of patients. These folks are ready and anxious and willing to accept all the help that we can give them and we could have doubled our capacity and keep it filled constantly if we had the personnel and the room for them.

Senator WHEELER. It is a disgrace to the Government and to the Indian Service to have a condition like that existing.

Doctor SCOLES. I agree with you whole-heartedly.
Senator WHEELER. That is all. I thank you.

(Witness excused.)

M. J. CHADSEY was thereupon called as a witness and, after being first duly sworn, testified as follows:

Senator WHEELER. What is your name?

Mr. CHADSEY. M. J. Chadsey.

Senator WHEELER. Where are you from and how long have you been here?

Mr. CHADSEY. Originally I am from the State of Wisconsin.
Senator WHEELER. How long have you been here?

Mr. CHADSEY. I have been here since the 1st of February, 1929.

Senator WHEELER. You are a graduate of the University of Wisconsin?

Mr. CHADSEY. No.

Senator WHEELER. Did you do teaching before you came here? Mr. CHADSEY. I was in the public school in Indiana and Wisconsin, and I was principal also.

Senator WHEELER. How many pupils have you got here?

Mr. CHADSEY. At the present time 355.

Senator WHEELER. Three hundred and fifty-five. Within what ages do they range?

Mr. CHADSEY. From 5 to, I believe, 19 is the oldest.

Senator WHEELER. Five to nineteen. How many grades do you teach here?

Mr. CHADSEY. Six.

Senator WHEELER. Six grades?

Mr. CHADSEY. Yes, sir.

Senator WHEELER. There are only six grades taught here. Should they not be given more than six grades in an Indian school?

Mr. CHADSEY. Well, I suppose that depends upon the system and the general plans you are going to work by.

Senator WHEELER. How many school-teachers do you have?

Mr. CHADSEY. We have 10 academic; we have a school carpenter acting as vocational instructor for the boys and a seamstress that takes the sewing class; the girls' adviser takes home cooking and home training and the laundress takes laundry training.

Senator WHEELER. How does the work that you give in the course compare with the work in similar grades in the public school? Mr. CHADSEY. I would say at the present time they are very good. Senator WHEELER. Do you think they compare favorably with the public schools?

Mr. CHADSEY. We think so. To-day I got a letter from the elementary administration teacher-I do not have it with me-but she states she is very well pleased with the work that is being done.

Senator WHEELER. How are these children taken care of? Does the Government furnish them with their clothes?

Mr. CHADSEY. They furnish them with clothes.

Senator WHEELER. What kind of clothes do they furnish them with?

Mr. CHADSEY. They have the

Senator WHEELER. You furnish all their clothing?

Mr. CHADSEY. Yes, sir.

Senator WHEELER. What kind of uniform?

Mr. CHADSEY. You see some of the uniforms out there. The school clothes is corduroy with sweaters.

Senator WHEELER. For how long a period do you keep children here-all the year round?

Mr. CHADSEY. They are kept from the 1st of September to the end of May, and in past years we have had a summer school for those who failed but we have discontinued that this year.

Senator WHEELER. How old are the girls that are here?

Mr. CHADSEY. About 5 to 18.

Senator WHEELER. Do many of the girls or boys after they finish here go on further, to any other school?

Mr. CHADSEY. I will say we have a high percentage.

Senator WHEELER. What percentage would you say?

Mr. CHADSEY. Just offhand I think we must send at least ninetenths of the graduating class away. We send lots of others from grades below the sixth because under the past system we had a quota to fill and sometimes in order to fill that we had to go below our graduating class, although I do not believe that is going to be carried out this year.

Senator WHEELER. How large is your graduating class this year?
Mr. CHADSEY. About 30, not exactly that number.

Senator WHEELER. What percentage of that 30 will go away?
Mr. CHADSEY. I think practically all of them.

Senator WHEELER. Where will they go?

Mr. CHADSEY. They will go to Burke, at Fort Wingate, to Albuquerque, and some will go to Santa Fe.

Senator WHEELER. Who decides as to where they are going to go? Mr. CHADSEY. We always give them a chance to state their preference where they want to go. Sometimes in the past they wanted to go to a certain place because maybe they had relatives there, but this year we had a system of vocational and educational guidance, giving them information of what the schools can do for them; for instance, like this system over at Fort Wingate and one like Santa Fe is starting for adult beginners.

Senator BRATTON. What school has been the most popular school? Mr. CHADSEY. I would say Albuquerque.

Mr. SCATTERGOOD. Have many of the children gone to the Theodore Roosevelt School?

Mr. CHADSEY. I do not think so, not since I have been here. If they have gone they have gone without going through this school. Senator WHEELER. What suggestions have you to make, if any, for the betterment of this school, to make it more helpful to the Indian children?

Mr. CHADSEY. Well, of course, we are operating now under what is called the platoon plan or type. We recognize they should be in school all day long, but we can not do that until we have more teachers and more school buildings and more industrial help.

Senator WHEELER. How about your children? How do you treat them? Do they get plenty of food?

Mr. CHADSEY. I will say they get along fine. I do not know whether this would be proper or not, but I will say that one of my boys works for me as a kind of an office boy and he has a chore detail over at the school club. I asked him, “Do you ever aid at the school club kitchen?" He said, "We go to the school dining room." I think they do eat very well. In fact, that is one reason why we do not have very many runaways, not more than four or five.

Senator WHEELER. Do you have much trouble in disciplining the children?

Mr. CHADSEY. No; I think they are much better than white. I would rather deal with a Navajo than any white school I have ever been over. They are responsible, if you once get at it from an understandable standpoint.

Senator WHEELER. Do you enjoy the work with the Indians?
Mr. CHADSEY. Yes, sir; I like it.

Senator WHEELER. How do you find your teachers? Are most of your teachers women?

Mr. CHADSEY. The academic teachers are all women.

Senator WHEELER. Do you find them interested in their work or are they just drawing their salary?

Mr. CHADSEY. I will say they are all good. In fact, they are working harder all the time and they are working along new lines, especially along the activity line in the educational department. Senator WHEELER. They seem to be interested?

Mr. CHADSEY. Yes, sir; very much.

Mr. SCATTERGOOD. Do they approve of the high standards we are setting for teachers throughout the Indian Service? Are they interested in preparing themselves for these higher standards by going to summer schools?

Mr. CHADSEY. They are going to summer school; in fact, some of them go more often than every other year.

Mr. SCATTERGOOD. We would rather have our teachers already in the service prepare themselves for the higher standards that are being required all the time so that they themselves can qualify them to take in new people from the outside who have not had any experience with the Indian children.

Mr. CHADSEY. I think that is fine, if we can make them realize that, because sometimes they figure I am an old-timer and the Indian Office

Mr. SCATTERGOOD. We want the old-timers to rise to the high standards.

Mr. CHADSEY. Yes.

Senator BRATTON. How long have you been here?

Mr. CHADSEY. Since the 1st of March, 1927, when I entered. I was transferred down here.

Senator BRATTON. What about malnutrition among the Indian children coming here for the first time?

Mr. CHALSEY. When they come in the first time and when they come in after their summer vacation you would be surprised at the difference in looks.

Senator BRATTON. Are they undernourished?

Mr. CHADSEY. Very.

Senator BRATTON. Underweight?

Mr. CHADSEY. Yes, sir.

Senator BRATTON. Do you attribute that to an insufficient amount of food, an improper variety, or lack of well-balanced rations?

Mr. CHADSEY. At home I would say both. Another discouraging thing from that standpoint is this: You get them kind of cleared up from trachoma and they will come back all full of it, and we have lost the success we have made. It is discouraging.

Senator BRATTON. They are noticeably undernourished when they come back from the reservation?

Mr. CHADSEY. Yes, sir; sometimes in their own clothes and due to loss of weight we can not tell who they are. I think if you will look over our papers now you will see that they are very well nourished.

Senator BRATTON. Do you have any special food for undernourished students!

Mr. CHADSEY. I do not know as I could say that, but we do this: We keep a monthly record and if we see a student is down why we go over them with fish oil and things like that and in the lower

grades especially it is more noticeable. We do that during the school hours so they get a chance.

Senator BRATTON. How about the sleeping quarters for these children; do you have sufficient sleeping quarters for them?

Mr. CHADSEY. The way it is now but not for the number we could have in our school. To start out with we have 385; we have to send maybe 25 beginners, little fellows, away, because we do not have space for them; so we could easy enough fill the school to 400 without any trouble at all if we had sleeping quarters.

Senator BRATTON. If this new hospital were built, the building now occupied as a hospital could be then used as a dormitory and thus increase the capacity?

Mr. CHADSEY. It could; of course we would need quarters for employees.

Senator BRATTON. What became of those 25 children?

Mr. CHADSEY. They were ordered by the district superintendent sent home, but since then

Senator BRATTON. You do not know whether they are in school! Mr. CHADSEY. I do not think so. I better make that clear. They were about 4 years old and really a little bit too young for school. Senator WHEELER. You picked out the youngest?

Mr. CHADSEY. Yes, sir.

Senator WHEELER. You have plenty of them of school age?
Mr. CHADSEY. Yes.

Senator WHEELER. If you had quarters you would have plenty between the ages of 6 and 18?

Mr. CHADSEY. Yes, sir.

Senator WHEELER. Do many of the children want to stay here during the summer?

Mr. CHADSEY. Yes, sir; I think quite a few of them do. Some of them we keep, their home conditions are so bad.

Senator WHEELER. Do many of the older girls want to stay here rather than to return to their homes?

Mr. CHADSEY. I know of a number of cases that do, but I do not know

Senator WHEELER. What is the moral condition of your student body?

Mr. CHADSEY. In our own school?

Senator WHEELER. Yes.

Mr. CHADSEY. I would say very good. We do not have very much trouble at all.

Senator WHEELER. Do you have trouble with the older girls when they return home, or do you find them in trouble when they come back?

Mr. CHADSEY. Not since I have been here.

Senator WHEELER. Not since you have been here. During this year you had what enrollment?

Mr. CHADSEY. We averaged, I think, 360 or better.

Senator WHEELER. How many specific acts of moral misconduct can you recall during this school year?

Mr. CHADSEY. Well, I suppose you would have to say in what degree you mean in order for me to answer that. If you interpret that in the worst sense, I should say none.

Senator WHEELER. That is the sense I used.