other school without the consent of the parents or guardian. When it is necessary to transfer some pupil (with the consent of the parents or guardian) we ask that the boy or girl shall be returned home each summer at Government expense. We would like to see the children from the various schools returned about the same time and thus eliminate continual trips to the agency in quest of children. Again when children are sent home for the summer we want them to be dressed respectably, and not to be sent home in rags. Employment.--Since this is a Navajo boarding school at this place, we would like to see more Navajos employed. At all the Hopi schools all work is given to the Hopis when there is need of Indian labor, and if that is a precedent then at a Navajo school all work should be given to Navajos, but here at Keams Canyon we find more Hopis than Navajos. If no competent Navajo can be found for a position then it is right to give it to a Hopi for they need help but the Navajo should have a prior claim.

Hospital-Field stations-Nurses.-Up to the present time we had visions of seeing a hospital or rather a sanatorium being built on our reservation. Due to political influence we have learned to our sorrow that the sanatorium that was to be ours is to be built at Winslow, Ariz. Mr. Hagerman informed us that we favored the building of the sanatorium at Winslow but we would like to know how he could conceive such an idea. If the hospital is to be for us it should be built where we live and not over a hundred miles from our homes. If there is no possibility of the site being changed then let it be built at Winslow for the white people and we ask that one be built for us on our reservation. Added to this we would like to have field stations or clinics in various sections of the reservation and places recommended are as follows: (1) White Cone, about 24 miles south of Keams Canyon; (2) Kaibito, about 27 miles southwest of Keams Canyon; (3) Pinon, about 32 miles north of Keams Canyon; (4) Sand Springs, about 55 miles west of Keams Canyon; (5) Low Mountain, about 13 miles northeast of Keams Canyon. Water can be had at all these places and through the building of these stations our people could be reached and medical aid given. A nurse should be stationed at each of the above-named points and one of the doctors stationed at Keams Canyon should visit these clinics weekly. An ambulance car would be a necessity and the sick from these stations could be brought to the hospital here at Keams Canyon and proper care given. The establishment of these stations would help the reservation for it would mean the building of good roads so that the doctor and others in charge of the reservation might visit all points and thus bring the entire reservation into a more coherent organization. As conditions are at present it is impossible for the doctor to take care of all the sick and this point pertaining to medical aid should be given prompt attention.

Irrigation—Improvement of stock.-There are various places on the reservation where water could be developed and although sufficient quantities could not be found to provide for extensive irrigation still the development would be sufficient to aid in the watering of our stock and provide for our actual needs. Added to this reservoirs should be built and storage tanks that might take care of the water and thus guard against time of drought. In order to improve our stock we need help and the Government is our only resource and we would like to ask for at least six stallions and four jacks. That our stock might be improved is something that we are all interested in and as conditions are at present there is too much work for one man and we would like to have another stockman to aid the present stockman.

Meeting house. Whenever we assemble here at the agency for a council there is no place provided for us to hold our meetings. On very special occasions we have used the auditorium of the school, but this is seldom at our disposal and therefore we would like to have a meeting house where we might discuss our problems. This building should be about 30 by 50 feet and it would also serve as a place of shelter when we come to see our children.

Police station-Jail.-Adequate quarters should be provided for the police and competent men selected for this office. This police station should be in connection with a jail. Now this petition for a jail may be a bit surprising but we realize its necessity and consequently are asking for it. Immorality, thievery, and other minor offences which are handled by the Indian courts and judges should be punished. Without a jail we find the prisoners wandering about and having a good time-in fact some of them openly boasted that it is good living when you are a prisoner. This must be changed and we want offenders to know

that they are being punished, and in this way it will enable us to observe law and become better citizens. This suggestion for a jail will be criticized by many who do not actually understand conditions but we want to do what is right and malefactors should be punished.

Homes-Help.-We realize the importance of good homes and would like to improve our living conditions. Our hoghans do not afford much privacy, but in the improvement of our homes we need lumber, but this article is so high priced that we can not afford it. Other agencies seem to have a fund that is used to purchase and issue lumber and we would like to know if such a fund could be provided for us. We would like for the Government to issue wagons, harness, plows, and seed. Some provision should also be made for the repair of our wagons. Judges-Headmen.-The enforcing of law and order carries a burden with it especially in a territory as vast as the Hopi Indian Reservation. The judges and headmen share this responsibility and aid the superintendent in governing the reservation. The present judge (Billy Pete) is often obliged to make long trips in order to be present at various meetings or to settle some dispute or trouble in a far off corner of the reservation. An adequate salary should be provided for his work, and expenses incurred in the discharge of his duties should be met. His salary at present is but $30 a month and with this amount he must take care of a considerable portion of his traveling expenses. With the Government recognizing the Indian courts it should provide sufficient funds to enable them to function properly and thus aid the work of progress, and at the same time provide sufficient remuneration for labor entailed.

Summary. We want to live peaceably with our Hopi brothers and therefore a division of the Hopi Reservation is necessary. Enlarge the school at Keams Canyon and build a boarding school at Pinon. (No day school as recommended by Mr. Thompson.) Children should not be transferred without consent of parents. More employment should be given Navajos. We need a sanatorium and field station with resident nurses. Springs should be developed, reservoirs built, stock improved. A meeting house, police station, and jail should be built at Keams Canyon, and an adequate salary provided for the judge and headmen appointed by the superintendent.

We realize that funds are necessary for the carrying out of the above program and trust that the necessary wherewith may be forthcoming. The suggestions made are for the advancement of our own people and since you are here in our midst we present this outline of our needs and wishes and trust that your influence will be used to help us.

Respectfully,

BILLY PETE, Tribal Delegate.

KLAH, Alternate Tribal Delegate.

The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at Toreva, Ariz., Hon. Flynn J. Frazier (chairman) presiding.

Present: Senator Frazier (chairman).

Also present: Senator Ashurst, ex-offico member of the subcommittee; Hon. J. Henry Scattergood, Assistant Commissioner of Indian Affairs; A. A. Grorud, special assistant to the subcommittee; Nelson A. Mason, clerk; and F. S. Milberg, official reporter.

TALA HAFTEWA was thereupon called as a witness and, after being first duly sworn, testified through Roscoe Polewitewa (who was sworn as an interpreter) as follows:

Senator ASHURST. Tell us what you want us to know? You are Hopi chief and are all these men and women assembled here Hopis? The INTERPRETER. Yes, sir. We are glad for you gentlemen to be here. We know that you are coming through, so we are here for the purpose of telling you what we want. What we want is the original land which was ours since there were no other people on the reservation. We want it just as it was a long time ago. We want to have this given consideration at Washington so we put it up that we get what we want as our reservation as we had it before. Senator ASHURST. The Hopis want their reservation and their lands marked, is that correct?

Mr. GRORUD. They want their affairs administered by a separate jurisdiction or a separate agency?

The INTERPRETER. Yes; if that is possible, that we have our own reservation for our own Hopis alone and an agency for the Hopis alone.

Mr. GRORUD. Ask the chief if he has talked the matter over with Mr. Billingsley and if Mr. Billingsley can speak his language. The INTERPRETER. Yes.

Mr. GRORUD. Has he requested Mr. Billingsley to present the matter to the committee?

The INTERPRETER. Yes. We want him to represent us because none of us here are educated. We do not know how to express ourselves so we want him to talk for us.

Mr. GRORUD. You want him to talk now?

The INTERPRETER. Yes, sir.

(Witness excused.)

M. W. BILLINGSLEY was thereupon called as a witness and, after being first duly sworn, testified as follows:

Senator ASHURST. Give your full name.
Mr. BILLINGSLEY. M. W. Billingsley.

Senator ASHURST. Where do you reside?

Mr. BILLINGSLEY. Ingleside, by way of Phoenix, Ariz.
Senator ASHURST. How long have you resided there?
Mr. BILLINGSLEY. Intermittently since the war.

Senator ASHURST. Please make any statement you see fit to make. I understand you are speaking on behalf of the Hopi Indians? Mr. BILLINGSLEY. Just that alone.

Senator ASHURST. Proceed with any statement you see fit to make. Mr. BILLINGSLEY. The Hopi Indians feel that they are entitiled to ask for the land their forefathers held before there was any invasion of any other tribe of Indians on this continent.

Inasmuch as the Government saw fit to place the Navajos upon their land they feel that they in turn may place lands at the disposal of the Navajos so the Hopis can have their lands, rightfully theirs by inheritance. They also asked me to request that you place an agent over them who was responsible only and directly to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs in Washington. They feel that in this way minor troubles will be straightened out. They have asked me also to state that the school teacher in charge of this place before the present one, who is now Mr. McBride, virtually treated them as serfs. The money that he was given by the superintendent he spent not for their use entirely, and in instances of the Government sending the money here to be spent for the Hopis he has bought flour and crackers and he has doled that out in small packs and he has made it last two or three years. The children had to do the labor about this place. They were underfed and not properly clothed even enough to cover their nakedness. Yet this agent or school teacher in charge of this place permitted those things, and he has been known to send back to the Government, as they tell me, $700 in one year, saving the Government that much money that should have been spent on the Hopis.

The man who is in charge of the place now, since he has been here he has changed things as much as possible and all within the power he has had to do it with. For instance, he has clothed the children. Senator ASHURST. Are you speaking of Mr. McBride?

Mr. BILLINGSLEY. I am speaking of Mr. McBride. He has taken the children off the work. He is now employing the Hopi men to do the work about this place and paying them daily wages. They wish to say they are grateful to this man. It is the first time since the white men have had charge of these people that they have had anything like a square or fair deal. That is the sum and substance of my statement.

Senator ASHURST. How many children are in school here?

Mr. BILLINGSLEY. I think Mr. McBride can answer that question. Mr. MCBRIDE. Forty-eight.

Mr. GRORUD. You have a day school?

Mr. BILLINGSLEY. There is a day school here.

Mr. GRORUD. Are there many children sent off the reservation to nonreservation schools?

Mr. BILLINGSLEY. Yes. That has been one sad affair in connection with the Hopis. When the little children would become 4, 5, or 6 years old, the agent would come and take them literally out of their mothers' arms and take them away to schools in Phoenix, Riverside, and New Mexico, and there they would have no opportunity to see their children, and the children were never permitted to come back home. In that way they have depopulated in Hopi Tribe. I will cite an instance at Phoenix Indian School. Superintendent Brown there told me he had 133 Hopis there in his school and only 7 Navajos. The Navajos outnumber the Hopis by thousands. There are. approximately 24,000 Hopis here and many thousands of Navajos, so that shows that indirectly or unintentionally perhaps they are gradually depopulating the Hopis as a tribe if that procedure is kept up. We were in Washington last year or maybe a little longer than that, and we took a petition there asking that the Hopis be given food, clothing, and so forth, and also we asked at the same time that the Hopi children be permitted to remain home and go to school here and be permitted to stay at school here.

Senator ASHURST. What is your request-an enlargement of the present day school?

Mr. BILLINGSLEY. That is the problem they can not figure out, but to me it seems it would be the proper thing to have the school enlarged here so that their children from the surrounding villages can go to school in the day time and be at home at night.

Senator ASHURST. We thank you.

(Witness excused.)

RALPH MURPHY was thereupon called as a witness and, after being first duly sworn, testified as follows:

Senator FRAZIER. Give your full name.

Mr. MURPHY. Ralph Murphy.

Senator ASHURST. Your residence, please.

Mr. MURPHY. Phoenix, Ariz.

Senator ASHURST. You have resided some 40 years in Arizona, have you not?

Mr. MURPHY. Fifty.

Senator ASHURST. Proceed with any statement you see fit to make, Mr. Murphy.

Mr. MURPHY. Well, I will get to the meat of the matter just as quick as I can. My interest in this case is simply as a friend of the Hopis. As I said a minute ago, I have resided in Arizona for the last 50 years, and we who can remember back to the pioneer days of a half century ago remember these people as our friends and allies against a common cruel and ruthless enemy, the Navajos and the Apaches. These people have always been friendly to the white man. They have always been devoted to honest industry as a means of livelihood.

Senator ASHURST. Do you mean the Hopis?

Mr. MURPHY. Yes. They have always had a deep respect for the United States Government, and when the Great White Father called for volunteers to hold back the Germans the Hopi sons came forth at the first request, and I think I am safe in saying that this community has furnished as great a proportion of its sons for the defense of the Stars and Stripes in the last war as any community in the