going on for years and years and he says he would like to have it come to some kind of a settlement so that there will be no more of that. Senator WHEELER. You tell him that we are in hopes that will be straightened out in a very short time. The INTERPRETER. Another thing he has in mind, he wants to let this committee know, is this: He says he understands there is a sanitarium that is going to be built for them some place and he says in case that this agency or this school should be moved, he says he would like to have that hospital and this school together. Senator FRAZIER. There is a hospital here that would go with the school if it is moved, but there is a sanitarium to build some place in the country for tuberculosis. They would not want to be located near the school or not very near at least. Senator WHEELER. You tell him Congress has already provided that that shall be located at Winslow. (Witness excused.) BO-WISH-GEZZY was thereupon called as a witness, and, after being first duly sworn, testified through Marcus Kanuho (who was sworn as an interpreter) as follows: Senator FRAZIER. Where do you live? Senator FRAZIER. What statement does he want to make? The INTERPRETER. Also I move back and forth from the south here over to the north of the river. Senator FRAZIER. What statement do you want to make? The INTERPRETER. I have built a reservoir near Sunrise on this extension when I was only a young man and he says last winter I was located in the vicinity of that reservoir. My superintendent gives me an order to move off and move back on the north side of the river. Senator FRAZIER. Why? The INTERPRETER. He says that the policeman was sent over to this place last fall and they requested him to put some children in school, and probably for that reason they told him if he did not put any children in school that he has got to move off of that place. Senator WHEELER. Did he put his children in school? The INTERPRETER. They put one in school and one is too small to go to school. Senator WHEELER. You tell him those children of his who are able to go to school ought to be sent to school. He ought to put them in school. The INTERPRETER. That is what I did. Senator FRAZIER. You want your children to go to school do you not? The INTERPRETER. Yes; that is what I want them to do. I have eight in school. Senator FRAZIER. Why did you ask him to move? Mr. BALMER. This is a long story. We have had a little trouble with him and a couple of women over here, and in order to quiet this trouble down we told him to go back where he was formerly running cattle and stock. The INTERPRETER. He says even at that he believes that he has not been given a square deal for the simple reason that he does not even want my cattle on the south side of the river or my sheep or my horses or even myself. I got to stay on the north side of the river, where there is not much feed for my stock. Senator FRAZIER. Why did you do that, Mr. Superintendent? Mr. BALMER. I put him back where he came from in order to keep him away from this trouble up there. Senator FRAZIER. What is the trouble? Mr. BALMER. I would have to get my records and look up what trouble he had with these women. He had quite a little. As I remember it, there were two wives deserted over in that part of the country. Senator WHEELER. Only two? Mr. BALMER. And he was living with the third one. Senator WHEELER. How many wives have you? The INTERPRETER. I have only one. I did have three, but I had to send them away. I left them years ago. (Witness excused.) STATEMENT OF ASAZANASHE, THROUGH INTERPRETER The INTERPRETER. She says you look at me here. I am getting old and gray. She says I got a complaint to make concerning dipping my sheep. She says I bring my sheep over here every fall to the dip and when they get through dipping I will start to drive them home and they drop out one at a time. They are just injured or they die on me, and by the time I get home I lose a dozen or more. Senator FRAZIER. How far does she have to bring the sheep to be dipped? The INTERPRETER. Approximately 18 or 20 miles. Senator FRAZIER. How about that? Do they have to take their sheep 18 or 20 miles to be dipped. Do any of these Indians have to do that? Mr. BALMER. I think that is exaggerating it a little. Senator FRAZIER. How do you arrange that? Mr. BALMER. We have one vat located here and another vat located at Red Lake, another vat at Indian Wells and one at Dilkon. They have to drive them from 10 to 15 miles, I would say. Senator FRAZIER. Have you heard this complaint about her losing sheep? Mr. BALMER. This is the first I heard of it. Senator WHEELER. How many other Indians lose their sheep through this dipping process? Senator FRAZIER. About a dozen hands go up. Have your stockmen look into this. Senator WHEELER. If they all lose sheep like this, you had better get some new stockmen that know something about dipping sheep. Mr. BALMER. It is the Bureau of Animal Industry that does our dipping. Our stockmen assist them, but they really supervise that work. Senator WHEELER. Well, there is something wrong when they lose sheep like that. Senator THOMAS. Get the names and take the matter up with the Bureau of Animal Husbandry. If they do the work, you get the information and file it with the proper department, and let them assume the responsibility. Senator WHEELER. You get the information and file it with this committee. We will check up on it. Senator FRAZIER. Tell her we are going to have the stockman look it up. The INTERPRETER. She says for that reason I have been objecting to having my sheep dipped. And also another reason I am objecting is because when they put in this certain kind of dip over here, lime and sulphur, which she mentions, when she clips her wool in the springtime and then she starts to card it, she gets a lot of sulphur in her eyes, even during the spinning of it. That is injuring her eyes. Senator FRAZIER. Can she wash the wool before she cards it? The INTERPRETER. She says she does wash it, but she can not get it out. Senator WHEELER. You ought to be able to get it out if you wash it right. (Witness excused.) Senator FRAZIER. We will have to close the hearing. It is getting too dark for the reporter to see to write, and we have got to drive back to town to-night. If there is anyone here who has not had an opportunity to be heard, we will ask you to write out your statement or get some one to write it out for you, send it to the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, at Washington, D. C., and we will place it in our record and give it proper consideration. The record of these various hearings will be printed sometime next fall, and anyone who wants a copy of the hearings here may have it by notifying your superintendent and asking him to write in. You let him know how many copies of these hearings you want, and they will be sent out. (At 5.45 o'clock p. m. the committee adjourned.) 26465-32-PT 18- -8 SURVEY OF INDIAN CONDITIONS THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES TUESDAY, APRIL 28, 1931 UNITED STATES SENATE, SUBCOMMITTEE OF COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS, Winslow, Ariz. The subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at Winslow, Ariz., Hon. Lynn J. Frazier (chairman) presiding. Present: Senators Frazier (chairman), Wheeler, and Thomas. Also present: Senator Ashurst (ex officio member of the subcommittee) and Senator Hayden; Hon. J. Henry Scattergood, Assistant Commissioner of Indian Affairs; Mr. A. A. Grorud, special assistant to the subcommittee; Mr. Nelson A. Mason, clerk; and F. S. Milberg, official reporter. Senator FRAZIER. This hearing is held under authority of a resolution adopted by the United States Senate authorizing the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate to hold hearings and investigations as to the general conditions of the Indians throughout the United States. We are interested in the condition of the Indians and in all things affecting the Indians. We have understood that these Indian reservations in Arizona never had any water except from irrigation, but judging from the weather this morning it would seem they needed more sunshine and perhaps some drainage ditches; but, be that as it may, we want to hear the people here and find out the exact conditions of the Indians. Senator Hayden, have you a statement? Senator HAYDEN. Mr. Chairman, there is one matter in particular that deserves the very serious attention of your committee, and that is the problem which has existed over in northern Arizona and in New Mexico for many, many years incident to the granting of lands to the old Atlantic & Pacific Railroad. As the committee is well aware, it was the policy of Congress in the early days in order to stimulate the construction of railroads to make very substantial grants of land. That policy began before the Civil War. There were land grants even east of the Mississippi River. At that time there was no homestead law. The Federal Government expected, under the policy then prevailing, to obtain substantial sums of money for the Treasury of the United States from the sale of public lands. Congress realized that the building of a railroad would enhance the value of land, and it was argued when this land-grant policy was first adopted if every other section was given to the railroad for a distance on each side of the right of way that the intervening sections in the checkerboard would be so enhanced in value that the Federal Government would gain more |