and eastern Europe. Slightly more than three-fifths (63.1 per cent) of the total number of industrial workers for whom information was received had been in the United States less than ten years, and exactly two-fifths had been in this country less than five years. The heavy influx of wage-earners during the past decade was made up of the representatives of Bulgarian, Croatian, Cuban, Finnish, Flemish, Greek, Russian Hebrew, Herzegovinian, North and South Italian and Italian not specified, Japanese, Lithuanian, Macedonian, Magyar, Montenegrin, Polish, Portuguese, Roumanian, Russian, Ruthenian, Servian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Syrian, and Turkish races. More than one-third of the French Canadian and Dutch, more than two-fifths of the Danish, English, Norwegian, and Swedish, and more than one-half of the German, Irish, Scotch, Scotch-Irish, and Welsh industrial workers have a residence in the United States of twenty years or longer. There is but little difference in the proportions of males and females in the specified periods of residence.

The following table shows, by sex and race, the per cent of foreignborn persons in the households studied who had been in the United States each specified number of years:

TABLE 13.-Per cent of foreign-born persons in the United States each specified number of years, by sex and race.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

MALE.

Per cent in United States each specified number of years.

.

Race.

Number reporting complete Under

data.

1.

3.4

4.

TABLE 13.-Per cent of foreign-born persons in the United States each specified number of years, by sex and race-Continued.

Of 47,699 foreign-born persons in the households studied, the foregoing table shows that 25.1 per cent had been in the United States from five to nine years, 14.2 per cent twenty years or over, 12 per cent two years, 10.4 per cent from ten to fourteen years, and between 5 and 10 per cent each other specified number of years except less than one year-only 3.9 per cent reporting that period of residence. The proportions of the 28,149 males and the 19,550 females having been in the United States each specified number of years so nearly correspond with each other, and each so nearly corresponds with the total, that a comparison is unnecessary.

As regards the several races, it is seen that none of the total number of Macedonians, Roumanians, or Turks, less than 1 per cent of the Bulgarians, somewhat less than 5 per cent of the Greeks or Servians, less than 25 per cent of the Croatians, South Italians, Magyars, Russians, Spaniards, or Syrians, and less than 40 per cent of the Armenians, Bravas, Cubans, French, Hebrews, North Italians, Lithuanians, Poles, Portuguese, Ruthenians, and Slovaks, had been in the United States as long as ten years; while over 75 per cent of the Dutch and over 50 per cent of the Irish, Swedes, and Welsh had had a period of residence of twenty years or over; between 50 and 60 per cent of the Bohemians and Moravians, English, Germans, and Scotch had had a period of residence of fifteen years or over; and over fifty per cent of the French Canadians, Flemish, and Mexicans had had a period of residence of ten years or over. The Finns and French show such large proportions having had a period of residence of five years or over as to place them in the class of older immigrant races, although the proportions having had each subsequent period of residence are smaller than those of other races of older immigration. The males and females of each race are, generally speaking, similarly distributed as regards length of residence in the United States, hence there is only a slight variation from either in the total. The most marked difference is shown by the Bulgarians, all of the females, as against 81.2 per cent of the males, having been in the United States less than three years.

INDUSTRIAL CONDITION ABROAD OF MEMBERS OF IMMIGRANT
HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The following table shows, by race of individual, the industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born males in the households studied who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming to this country:

TABLE 14.-Industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born males who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.

An examination of this table discloses the fact that of the 21,696 foreign-born males concerning whom information was obtained only 3.2 per cent were without occupation before coming to the United States. On the other hand, 51.1 per cent worked for wages, 29.5 per cent without wages, and 16.2 per cent worked for profit. Only the Syrians, Armenians, Japanese, and Greeks, with proportions ranging from 18.8 to 10.4 per cent, show proportions without occupation abroad in excess of 10 per cent.

The following table shows, by race of individual, the occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born males in the households studied who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming:

TABLE 15.-Occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born males who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born

The foregoing table shows that the proportion of foreign-born males who were working for wages and who were employed as farm laborers before coming to the United States is below the proportion employed in all other occupations for wages. As regards those working without wages less than 1 per cent were employed in all occupations other than as farm laborers, while of those working for profit 13.1 per cent of the 21,696 foreign-born males concerning whom information was obtained were farmers, as against 3 per cent who were engaged in all other occupations for profit.