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against the owners, that the seamen were American citizens, although some were foreigners. Pray's Case, supra. In this case it was held that according to the description of the voyage and the provisions in the articles as to discharge, Liverpool being an intermediate port in the voyage, a discharge there would not take the case out of the provisions of this section; and that though the seamen might waive their right to the payment of two months' wages, the United States would be entitled to the payment of the one month's wages. Other cases decided under the old statute are Miner v. Harbeck, Abb. Adm. 546; Gove v. Judson, 19 F. R. 523; Boulton v. Moore, 11 Biss. 500, 14 F. R. 922, 925; Heynsohn v. Merriman, 1 Id. 728; The Wenonah, 1 Haskell, 606; Dustin v. Murray, 5 Ben. 10; Brown v. The Independence, Crabbe, 54; Henop v. Tucker, 2 Paine, 151, 156; The Saratoga, 2 Gall. 164; Wilson v. Borstel, 73 Maine, 273; Luscom v. Osgood, 1 Sprague, 83; 11 A. G. Op. 458; 2 Id. 256; 1 Id. 593. See The Zack Chandler, 10 Biss. 372, 7 F. R. 684; Worth v. The Lioness, 3 Id. 922; Gallagher v. Murray, 10 Ben. 290; Drew v. Pope, 2 Sawyer, 72.

Chapter Five. - Offenses and punishments. Offenses of seamen or apprentices; deserting ship

R. S., s. 4596.

21 Dec., 1898, s. 19; 30 Stat. 760.

As to foreign vessels, see United States v. McArdle, 2 Sawyer, 367; United States v. Sullivan, 43 F. R. 602, 604. As to commencement of service, see The Ida G. Farren, 127 F. R. 766; Tucker v. Alexandroff, 183 U. S. 424, 46 L. ed. 264. As to desertion, see Robertson v. Baldwin, 165 U. S. 275, 41 L. ed. 715; The Charles K. Schull, 166 F. R. 374; The Ida G. Farren, supra; In re Simpson, 119 Id. 620; The Mermaid, 115 Id. 13, 104 Id. 301; Johnston v. Mowatt, 115 Id. 844; The South Portland, 111 Id. 767; The Victorian, 88 Id. 797; The Occidental, 87 Id. 485; The W. F. Babcock, 85 Id. 978; The Laura Madsen, 84 Id. 362; United States v. Bain, 40 Id. 455, 5 Id. 192; United States v. Buckley, 12 Sawyer, 508, 31 F. R. 804; The Lizzie M. Dun, 30 Id. 927; Brink v. Lyons, 18 Id. 605; The Mary C. Conery, 9 Id. 222; The City of Mexico, 28 Id.

207; The San Marcos, 27 Id. 567; The Frank C. Barker, 19 Id. 332; Brink v. Lyons, 18 Id. 605; Johnson v. Blanchard, 7 Id. 597; Olsen v. The Edwin Post, 6 Id. 314; The Galina, Id. 927; The Ericson, 3 Sawyer, 559; Coffin v. Weld, 2 Lowell, 81; Scott v. Rose, Id. 381; Coffin v. Jenkins, 3 Story, 113; The Quintero, 1 Lowell, 38; The Gem, Id. 180; Knowlton v. Boss, 1 Sprague, 163; Cloutman v. Tunison, 1 Sumner, 373; The Martha, Blatch. & H. 151; Freeman v. Baker, Id. 372; The Merrimac, 1 Ben. 490; The Catawanteak, 2 Id. 189; The John Martin, 2 Abb. U. S. 172, 178; Piehl v. Balchen, Olc. 24; The Philadelphia, Id. 216; 14 A. G. Op. 325.

Refusing to join vessel or proceed to sea,

etc..

R. S., s. 4596.*

21 Dec., 1898, s. 19;

30 Stat. 760.

See cases just above.

Willfully disobeying any lawful com-
mand, etc.

R. S., s. 4596.

21 Dec., 1898, s. 19; 30 Stat. 760.

Eldridge v. Atlas Steamship Co., 134 N. Y. 187; The Thrasher, 173 F. R. 258; In re Simpson, 119 Id. 620; The South Portland, 111 Id. 767; The Superior, 22 Id. 927; The Alps, 19 Id. 139; Marsland v. The Yosemite, 18 Id. 331; The Paul Revere, 10 Id. 156, 160; Smith v. The J. C. King, 3 Id. 302; The Antioch, 6 Sawyer, 328, 11 F. R. 165; United States v. McArdle, 2 Sawyer, 367; Gladding v. Constant, 1 Id. 73; The Olive Chamberlain, 1 Sprague, 9; The Mentor, 4 Mason, 84; Orne v. Townsend, Id. 541; The Almatia, Deady, 473; The Pioneer, Id. 72; Smith v. Treat, 2 Ware, 266; Benton v. Whitney, Crabbe, 417; Airey v. The Ann C. Pratt, 1 Curtis, 395; Thorne v. White, 1 Pet. Adm. 168; Wood v. The Nimrod, Gilpin, 83; The Cornelia Amsden, 5 Ben. 315; Humphreys v. The America, Bee, 237; Cloutman v. Tunison, 1 Sumner, 373; Macomber v. Thompson, Id. 384; Hayes v. The J. J. Wickwire, 7 Phila. 594; The Wm. Cummings, Id. 598; The John Martin, 1 Brown, Adm. 149; Hill v. The Triumph, 12 Fed. Cas. 178.

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Seamen's wages, 1 Pet. Adm. 239; Alexander v. Galloway, Abb. Adm. 261; Joy v. Allen, 2 Woodb. & M. 303; Edwards v. Sherman, Gilpin, 461. See Anderson v. The Solon, Crabbe, 17; Parker v. The Calliope, 2 Pet. Adm. 272; Knap v. The Eliza, 1 Id. 200. "Where the embezzlement has arisen from the fault, fraud, connivance, or negligence of any of the crew, they are bound to contribute to it, in proportion to their wages; where the embezzlement is fixed on an individual, he is solely responsible; where the embezzlement is clearly shown to have been made by the crew, but the particular offenders are unknown, and from the circumstances of the case strong presumptions of guilt apply to the whole crew, all must contribute; but where no fault, fraud, connivance, or negligence is proved against the crew, and no reasonable presumption is shown against their innocence, the loss must be borne exclusively by the owner or master. In no case are the innocent part of the crew to contribute for the misdemeanors of the guilty; and further, in a case of uncertainty, the burthen of the proof of innocence does not rest on the crew; but the guilt of the parties is to be established beyond all reasonable doubt, before the contribution can be demanded." Spurr v. Pearson, 1 Mason, 104, 115. But see Sullivan v. Ingraham, Bee, 182; Crammer v. The Fair American, 1 Pet. Adm. 242.

Smuggling, etc.

R. S., s. 4596.

21 Dec., 1898, s. 19; 30 Stat. 760.

United States v. Claflin, 13 Blatch. 178, 184; Scott v. Russell, Abb. Adm. 258; Sheppard v. Taylor, 5 Pet. 675, 8 L. ed. 269; The ' Langdon Cheves, 2 Mason, 58; The Mary, 1 Sprague, 204. See §3082.

Refusing to do or doing certain acts in

willfull breach of duty or by reason of
drunkenness.

Boarding vessel before arrival

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R. S., s. 4602.

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R. S., s. 4606.

31 March, 1900; 31

Stat. 58.

United States v. Sullivan, 43 F. R. 602; United States v. Anderson,

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Dorrell v. Schwerman, 111 F. R. 209; Stout v. Weedin, 95 Id. 1001; The Stacey Clarke, 54 Id. 533; United States v. Trice, 30 Id. 490; Riley v. Allen, 23 Id. 46; Shorey v. Rennell, 1 Sprague, 507; Saunders v. Buckup, Blatch. & H. 264; Forbes v. Parsons, Crabbe, 283; Schelter v. York, Id. 449; Payne v. Allen, 1 Sprague, 304; Carleton v. Davis, 2 Ware, 225; Bangs v. Little, 1 Id. 506. See notes to § 291.

Detaining clothing of seaman unlawfully 18 Feb., 1895; 28
Stat.667.
11 April, 1904; 33
Stat. 168.

The J. D. Peters, 78 F. R. 368, 372; United States v. Younger,

92 Id. 672.

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Ching v. United States, 118 F. R. 538; United States v. Moriarity, 106 Id. 886; United States v. Stevens, 44 Id. 141.

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Chapter One. - Regulations of transportation.

Making unreasonable or unjust charge for

transportation of passengers or property 29 June, 1906, s. 1;

34 Stat. 584.

This section was amended by the Act of April 13, 1908, c. 143 (35 St. 60).

American Express Co. v. United States, 212 U. S. 522, 53 L. ed. 635, 161 F. R. 606; New York Cent. R. Co. v. United States, 212 U. S. 481, 53 L. ed. 613; New York Cent. R. Co. v. United States, Id. 500, 53 L. ed. 624; Chicago & Alton R. Co. v. United States, 212 Id. 563, 53 L. ed. 653.

Free transportation of passengers for-
bidden

29 June, 1906, s. 1; 34 Stat. 584.

American Express Co. v. United States, supra; United States v. Clark, 164 F. R. 75; United States v. Williams, 159 Id. 310; Louisville & Nashville R. Co. v. Mottley, 211 U. S. 149, 53 L. ed. 126, reversing 150 F. R. 406; In re Charge to Grand Jury, 66 Id. 146; In re Huntington, 68 Id. 881.

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