142. CLASSIFICATION AND DISTRIBUTION.-The subjects of invention comprised in applications filed in the Patent Office are divided into thirty-six classes, some of which are subdivided into sections, and are distributed for examination among twenty-two principal examiners, each of whom has charge of a particular class or classes. The classification adopted January 1, 1868, is as follows:

143. CLASS I. AGRICULTURE.-Implements and machines for working the soil, including sowing, planting, fertilizing, digging, and gathering roots, &c., grafting, and pruning. (For Harvesting, see Class XV.)

144. CLASS II. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, PREPARATION OF.-Implements and machines for preparing produce for market, including threshing, winnowing, protecting, and preserving crops and produce; fences and gates, cribs, granaries, stack-covers, and barns; incubation, culture of bees, care of domestic animals and dairy implements. 145. CLASS III. BUILDERS' HARDWARE.-Door-locks and fastenings, hinges, bell-hanging, and the metallic trimmings of houses, &c., including furniture hardware.

146. CLASS IV. CALORIFICS.-Apparatus for heating, ventilating, and cooking. (For Blast and Ventilating Fans, Bellows, &c., see Class XVII.)

147. CLASS V. CARRIAGES.-The construction of wheeled vehicles, including trucks, sleighs, &c. (For Railroad Cars, see Class XXVIII.)

148. CLASS VI. CHEMICAL PROCESSES.-Instruments and methods of evaporation, distillation, dyeing, tanning, water-proofing, vulcanizing india rubber, &c., and the manufacture of acids, salts, starch, sugar, alcohol, vinegar, dyes, paints, gas, glue, fats and oils, soaps, manures, &c.

149. CLASS VII. CIVIL ENGINEERING.-The construction of canals, roads, bridges, wharves, docks, sewers, wiers, dams, &c., and including military engineering, mining, architecture, masonry. (For Blasting, &c., see Class XII.)

150. CLASS VIII. CLAY MANUFACTURES.-The making of bricks, tiles, pottery, porcelain, and machines, tools, and kilns for manufacturing and enameling the same, including lime and cement kilns and peat machines.

151. CLASS IX. COMPOSITIONS.-Artificial substances formed by the mechanical or chemical combination of different ingredients.

152. CLASS X. FELTING AND HAT MAKING.-Methods and apparatus for felting wool, &c., and the making and finishing of hats, caps, &c., including implements and machines for the same.

153. CLASS XI. FINE ARTS.-Methods and applications of music, carving, sculpture, painting, graining, engraving, lithography, wood-cutting, &c., photography, bank-notes, &c., jewelry, including instruments and materials for the same.

154. CLASS XII. FIRE-ARMS.-Implements of war, offensive and defensive, including ammunition and its incidents, and blasting.

155. CLASS XIII. GLASS MANUFACTURE.-Glass furnaces; molding, blowing, cutting, grinding, and polishing glass, and implements and machines for the same.

156. CLASS XIV. GRINDING MILLS.-Machines for breaking, crushing, and grinding materials, including grain-cleaning, flour-bolting, &c. (For Mill-gearing, see Class XX.)

157. CLASS XV. HARVESTERS.-Implements and ma

chines for harvesting and securing crops, &c. (For Hand Hay-rakes and Pitchforks, see Class II.)

158. CLASS XVI. HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE.-Articles, implements, and machines for domestic purposes. (For Culinary Utensils, see Class IV.)

159. CLASS XVII. HYDRAULICS AND PNEUMATICS.Machines and apparatus for raising, conveying, and directing water and other fluids, including bottling, and apparatus for controlling and operating air, &c.

160. CLASS XVIII. ILLUMINATION.-Implements and devices for obtaining, preserving, and regulating artificial illumination.

161. CLASS XIX. LEATHER MANUFACTURES.-Machines and tools for working in leather, and the manufacture of boots and shoes, harness, trunks, belting, and including preparatory processes, cutting, splitting, &c.

162. CLASS XX. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.-General mechanical movements, horse-powers, lifting jacks, hoisting apparatus, mill-gearing, &c. (For Presses, see Class XXVI.)

163. CLASS XXI. METALLURGY.-The preparation and treatment of ores, reduction and purification of metals, and processes for amalgamating, electroplating, and metallic coating.

164. CLASS XXII. METAL WORKING.-Methods, machines, and tools for shaping metals; construction of machines and articles of metal; manufactured articles of metal.

165. CLASS XXIII. NAVIGATION.-The construction of vessels, sails, rigging, propelling, and steering apparatus, life-boats, preservers, rafts, &c.

166. CLASS XXIV. PAPER MAKING.-The preparation

of vegetable pulp, and the manufacture of paper, papier maché, pasteboard, &c.

167. CLASS XXV. PHILOSOPHICAL INSTRUMENTS, including mathematical, optical, surveying, and nautical instruments; philosophical apparatus, scales, measures, and instruments of precision generally; registering, computing, signaling, telegraphing, and the application of electricity and magnetism.

168. CLASS XXVI. PRESSES.-Machines for compressing articles and materials. (For Printing Presses, see Class XXVII.)

169. CLASS XXVII. PRINTING AND STATIONERY.-Implements and machines for printing, type-setting, and distributing; type-founding and stereotyping, stamping, &c.; machines and tools for ruling, folding, and cutting paper, and for book-binding; labels, advertising cards, writing materials, &c.

170. CLASS XXVIII.-RAILROADS AND RAILROAD CARS. The construction of rails, chairs, switches, &c., and the rolling stock of railroads. (For Engines of Locomotives, see Class XXXI.)

171. CLASS XXIX. SEWING MACHINES.-Machines for sewing, stitching, embroidering, &c., and the incidents. of such machines.

172. CLASS XXX. SPORTS, GAMES, AND TOYS.-Gymnastic apparatus, appliances for archery, fishing, skating, &c.; plays, games, diversions, and implements and devices for amusement.

173. CLASS XXXI. STEAM AND AIR ENGINES.-Machines for the application of vapor or gas as a motor; boilers and other apparatus for generating the same; governors, steam pumps, and feed apparatus, condensers, &c.

174. CLASS XXXII. STONE WORKING.-Machines and tools for hewing, cutting, and dressing stone, marble, granite, slate, &c.

175. CLASS XXXIII. SURGICAL APPARATUS.-Instruments and apparatus for the mechanical treatment of bodily infirmities, injuries, and diseases, and for assisting natural functions, including artificial limbs.

176. CLASS XXXIV. TEXTILE MANUFACTURES.-The treatment of cotton, flax, hemp, &c.; wool, hair, silk, &c.; and machinery for carding, spinning, cord and ropemaking, weaving, knitting, lace-making, and braiding.

177. CLASS XXXV. WEARING APPAREL.-Articles of clothing and methods and machines for making the same, "including articles for the toilet, &c. (For Hats, see Class X; for Boots and Shoes, see Class XIX; for Sewing Machines, see Class XXIX.)

178. CLASS XXXVI. WOOD WORKING.-Machines and tools for felling trees; hewing, sawing, planing, bending, turning, mortising, dove-tailing, and splitting wood; shingle and stave-cutting; comb-sawing; and the making of blinds, broom-handles, tree-nails, pegs, matchsplints, &c.

SEC.

IX. Examination and Amendment.

SEC.

179. Examination of the applica- 185. Information, copies, and draw

184. Reference given upon rejec- 188. Amendment after appeal to ex

tion.

aminers-in-chief.