heirs at law or devisees of the inventor. It need not, however, be expressed in the patent that it is issued to such executor in trust for those entitled to it. It will be sufficient that the patent set forth that it was issued to the grantee as executor. What the executor does in relation to the property of the devisor, he does in trust for those to whom such property is given by the will. (Stimson v. Rogers, 4 Blatchf., 333.) When the patent was granted by the Government to C. G., as executor, the suffix of executor signified the trustee character in which he assumed to act and in which he was recognized and dealt with by the Commissioner. The designation and the trust which it implied did not prevent the passage of the legal title or qualify the estate which accompanied it. It follows, from this view of the subject, that the grantee can sustain a suit on the patent in all respects as if he had been designated in it as trustee, instead of executor. (Rubber Company v: Goodyear, 9 Wallace, 792.) 80. FORM OF PETITION BY AN ADMINISTRATOR.— To the Commissioner of Patents: Your petitioner, William Davis, administrator of the estate of George Owen, deceased, (as by reference to the duly certified copy of letters of administration, hereto annexed, will more fully appear,) prays that letters patent may be granted to him for the invention of the said George Owens, set forth in the annexed specification. WILLIAM DAVIS, Administrator, &c. 81. FORM OF PETITION BY AN EXECUTOR. To the Commissioner of Patents: Your petitioner, Samuel Wilson, executor of the last will and testament of Henry Somers, deceased, (as by reference to the duly certified copy of letters testamentary, hereto annexed, will more fully appear,) prays that letters patent may be granted to him for the invention of the said Henry Somers, set forth in the annexed specification. SAMUEL WILSON, Executor, &c. 82. ATTORNEYS.-Any person of intelligence and good moral character may appear as the attorney in fact or agent of an applicant upon filing a proper power of attorney. As the value of patents depends largely upon the careful preparation of the specification and claims, the assistance of competent counsel will, in most cases, be of advantage to the applicant, but the value of their services will be proportioned to their skill and honesty. So many persons have entered this profession of late years without experience that too much care cannot be exercised in the selection of a competent man. The office cannot assume responsibility for the acts of attorneys, nor can it assist applicants in making a selection. It will, however, be a safe rule to distrust those who boast of the possession of special and peculiar facilities in the office for procuring patents in a shorter time or with more extended claims than others. (Patent Office Rules, July 8, 1870.) 83. COMMISSIONER MAY REFUSE TO RECOGNIZE AN ATTORNEY.-For gross misconduct the Commissioner may refuse to recognize any person as a patent agent, either generally or in any particular case; but the reasons for such refusal shall be duly recorded, and be subject to the approval of the Secretary of the Interior. (Act of July 8, 1870, § 17.) And for lesser offenses attorneys may be refused the privilege of oral interviews, and be required to transact all business with the office in writing. (Patent Office Rules, July, 1870.) 84. CORRESPONDENCE HELD WITH ATTORNEY ONLY.When an agent has filed his power of attorney, duly executed, the correspondence will, in ordinary cases, be held with him only. A double correspondence with him and his principal, if generally allowed, would largely increase the labor of the office. (Ib.) 85. CLAUSE OF SUBSTITUTION. - Powers of attorney must contain a clause of substitution, to authorize the attorney to substitute for, or associate with, himself a second agent; but such powers will not authorize the second agent to appoint a third. (Ib.) 86. ASSOCIATE ATTORNEY.-A power of attorney must be filed in every case, both by original and associate attorneys, before such attorney will be allowed to inspect papers or take action of any kind; but a revenue stamp need be affixed to original powers only. (Ib.) 87. REVOCATION.-If the principal becomes dissatisfied, he must revoke his power of attorney and notify the office, which will then communicate with him. (Ib.) 88. STAMP REQUIRED.-A stamp of the value of fifty cents is required upon each power of attorney authorizing an attorney or agent to transact business with this office relative to an application for a patent, reissue, or extension. The person using or affixing the stamp must cancel the same, by writing thereupon the initials of his name and the date. (Ib.) 89. FORM OF PETITION, WITH POWER OF ATTORNEY.To the Commissioner of Patents: Your petitioner prays that letters patent may be granted to him for the invention set forth in the annexed specification; and he hereby appoints Solomon Sharp, of the city of Washington, District of Columbia, his attorney, with full power of substitution and revocation, to prosecute this application, to make alterations and amendments therein, to receive the patent, and to transact all business in the Patent Office connected herewith. [50 cent revenue stamp.] PETER PENDENT. [If the power of attorney be given at any time other than that of making application for patent, it will be in substantially the following form:] 90. FORM OF POWER OF ATTORNEY. To the Commissioner of Patents: The undersigned having, on or about the 20th day of July, 1859, made application for letters patent for an improvement in a horse-power, hereby appoints Lawrence Legal, of the city of Washington, District of Columbia, his attorney, with full power of substitution and revocation, to prosecute said application, to make alterations and amendments therein, to receive the patent, and to transact all business in the Patent Office connected therewith. Signed at Brooklyn, county of Kings, and State of New York, this 27th day of July, A. D. 1869. CHARLES CAUTIOUS. [50 cent revenue stamp.] 91. FORM OF ASSOCIATE POWER. To the Commissioner of Patents: SIR: Will you please recognize Solomon Sharp, of Washington, D. C., as my agent and associate in examining and amending the application of Peter Pendant for an improvement in horse-power, filed April 23, 1870, and address all communications in relation thereto to him. C. P. RUSSELL. 92. FORM OF REVOCATION OF POWER OF ATTORNEY.The undersigned having, on or about the 26th day of December, 1867, appointed Thomas Tardy, of the city of New York, New York, his attorney, to prosecute application for letters patent for an improvement in the running-gear of wagons, hereby revokes the power of attorney then given. Signed at Richmond, Virginia, this 21st day of July, 1869. SEC. 101. Office of the claim. 102. Language employed. 103. Strictures upon the words "substantially as described,” “as herein set forth," and the like. 104. How improvements should be set forth. 105. Implication in regard to parts not claimed. 106. Invention should not be described as a mode, function, or abstract principle. 107. Vagueness and ambiguity of description. SEC. 108. Fraudulent concealment, false suggestion. 109. Descriptive title. 110. Order of the specification. 114. Form of specification for a ma- 93. SPECIFICATION AND DRAWING A PART OF THE PATENT.-A copy of the specifications and of the drawings shall be annexed to the patent, and be a part thereof. (Act of July 8, 1870, § 22.) 94. STATUTE REQUISITES OF THE SPECIFICATION.-Before any inventor or discoverer shall receive a patent for his invention or discovery he shall make application therefor, in writing, to the Commissioner, and shall file in the Patent Office a written description of the same, and of the manner and process of making, constructing, compounding, and using it, in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art or science to which it appertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make, construct, compound, and use the same; and, in case of a machine, he shall explain the principle thereof, and the best mode in which he has contemplated applying that principle, so as to distinguish it from other inventions; and he shall particularly point out and distinctly claim the part, improve |