362. KINDS OF PATENTS.-Patents of invention, improvement, and importation granted to natives and foreigners. Food, drugs, theoretical principles, and ornamentation excluded. Government may buy up patent rights by private contract. Patents subject to expropriation for public utility. Original inventors to have a prior right to patents of importation during one year.

363. PREVIOUS EXAMINATION.--No guaranty as to truth, priority, or merit. No opposition or forfeiture at the expiration of the first half of the term for which the patent was granted.

364. DURATION.-Fifteen years at most for patents of invention, five years at most for patents of importation; the latter granted by open competition. Term of patent to reckon from date of patent, priority from date of deposit.

365. GOVERNMENT FEES.-Five thousand reis per annum. To be applied to industrial improvements.

366. DOCUMENTS REQUIRED, AND WHERE TO BE LEFT.Deposit at the respective Civil Governor of a description, (in Portuguese,) drawings on a metrical scale and in ink, models, and duplicate of the same, (all sealed;) the latter to be returned to the patentee. A petition to the Secretary of State for Commerce, or a certificate stating that no other similar patent has been recorded. A receipt for the Government fees.

367. WORKING AND PROLONGATION.-Within one year. Prolongation of five years for patents of invention only. 368. ASSIGNMENTS.-At the Ministry of Commerce. 369. ANNULMENT.-For reasons of public safety and for being contrary to law; for defective or false description;

for want of novelty; for not being worked within the prescribed time.

370. OTHER PROVISIONS.-Revivals of industrial processes lost sight of to be considered as discoveries. New means of producing known articles held to be an invention. Inventions known abroad or in Portugal not patentable in Portugal, but when not worked in Portugal at the time of application they may be protected by a patent of importation.

371. SPECIFICATIONS, INSPECTION AND COPIES OF, (ModELS.) At the Ministry of Commerce. At the Museum of Industry.

372. LAW, DATE, AND WHERE RECORDED.-Royal ordinance of 14th October, 1815 and 18th September, 1828. Convention between the States of the Zollverein of 29th June, 1843. (See Commissioners of Patents' Journal, vide supra 71, Nos. 313, 329, and 231.)

373. KINDS OF PATENTS.-Patents of invention, improvement, and importation delivered by the Minister of Commerce and Public Works to Prussians and foreigners naturalized or represented by Prussians.

374. PREVIOUS EXAMINATION.-By the Royal Polytechnic Commission as to the novelty and peculiar character of the invention, without any consideration as to its utility and appropriateness, except in cases of patents for a real improvement of existing apparatus or methods. The Minister of Commerce may order a new examination to take place. No guaranty by Government. Parts of inventions already known not protected by patent. Patents are annulled whenever the supposition of the invention being new and peculiar is shown to be unfounded. 375. DURATION.-Six months at least and fifteen years

at most.

376. GOVERNMENT FEES.-A stamp duty of 1s. 6d. (15 sgr.) besides the legal trade tax...

377. DOCUMENTS REQUIRED, AND WHERE TO Be Left.— An application to the respective Provincial Administration; a description, drawings, or models. Statement as to whether the patent is to be granted for the entire monarchy or not.

378. WORKING.-Before the expiration of six months, at the latest, from the day of the delivery of the patent. 379. ASSIGNMENTS.-To Prussian citizens.

380. OTHER LEGAL PROVISIONS.-Cases of infringement to be settled by the Provincial Administration of the place where the infringer resides, with option of appeal to the Minister of Commerce. Infringers to pay the costs of inquiry only, but not subject to confiscation of tools, &c., or damages, except in case of a second offense. 381. SPECIFICATIONS, INSPECTION AND COPIES OF.-At the Ministry of Commerce and Public Works.

382. LIST OF PATENTS DELIVERED.-A summary notice in the Prussian Gazette, and in the official provincial pa

pers, within six weeks after the delivery of the patent. (Titles in the Commissioners of Patents' Journal.)

383. SPECIFICATIONS PUBLISHED.-In the Verhandlungen des Gewerbe-Vereins and other technical periodicals. Kept at the Public Free Library of the Patent Office.

384. PROCEEDINGS TO OBTAIN A PATENT.-Applications must be accompanied by a precise description and illustration by models, drawings, or writings, and, if possible, by all these three means. Applicants must state if the patent is required for the whole or only part of the kingdom, and for how long a period. Experts are to examine the applications, and report thereon to the Minister of Commerce and Public Works as to the object, the extent, and duration, of the patent. This minister is to execute and deliver the patent, and to control-the custody of models, drawings, and specifications. The shortest term for a patent is six months, the longest fifteen years.

XXXVI. Queensland.

385. (See Commissioners of Patents' Journal, No. 859.) No patent laws have been enacted in the Colony of Queensland since its separation from New South Wales, but the colonial act, (New South Wales,) 16 Vict., No. XXIV., (see No. 386 of the Commissioners of Patents' Journal,) was continued in force in the Colony by an order in Council of the 6th November, 1859.

SEC.

XXXVIII. Russia.

386. Law, date, and where recorded.

387. Kinds of patents.

388. Previous examination.

SEC.

389. Duration.

390. Government fees.

391. Documents, where to be left.

395. Lists of patents delivered.
396. Specifications published.

392. Working and prolongation. 393. Assignments. 394. Specification, inspection, copies. 397. Proceedings to obtain patent.

386. LAW, DATE, AND WHERE RECORDED.-Statutes of the Russian Empire, vol. iv., book 1, part 3, chap. 3. (See Commissioners of Patents' Journal, vide supra 71, No. 334.)

387. KINDS OF PATENTS.-Exclusive privileges and patents of invention, improvement, and importation granted to natives and aliens.

388. PREVIOUS EXAMINATION.-By the Board of Manufactures, as to novelty, legal or technical forms, and public utility. No guaranty by the Government. Reasons for refusal published in the Moscow and St. Petersburg newspapers.

389. DURATION.-Three, five, and ten years at most from the day on which the patent has been signed. Six years at most for patents of importation.

390. GOVERNMENT FEES.-Patents of invention: 90 silver roubles for three years; 150 s. r. for five years; 450 s. r. for ten years. Patents of importation: 60 s. r. for one year; 120 s. r. for two years; 180 s. r. for three years; 240 s. r. for four years; 300 s. r. for five years; 360 s. r. for six years. (1 s. r.=3s. 8d.) The surplus accruing from patent fees to be applied to the purchase of books, models, &c.

391. DOCUMENTS REQUIRED, ANd where to be Left.— A petition to the Board of Commerce and Trades; a description, (in Russian,) and, in case of a patent of importation, (also in the original language,) drawings and models. Payment of the fees. Defective specifications may be amended.

392. WORKING AND PROLONGATION.-No prolongation.