EXHIBIT 203 *NEGROES INCREASE SOUTHERN EXODUS U.S. Studies Show Majority May Be in North by 1970 New York Times December 1, 1966 WASHINGTON, Nov. 30 (AP) -American Negroes are steadily moving out of the South to the North and West and, if present trends continue, the majority will no longer be living in the old Confederacy by 1970. In the five years between 1960 and 1965, more than two million Negroes migrated from the South, Census Bureau and Labor Department studies show. In 1960, 60 per cent of the nation's 18.85 million Negroes lived in the South. Five years later, only 53.6 per cent of the nation's 20.94 million Negroes still lived below the MasonDixon line. And like the white man before him, the Negro is begin: ning to heed the westward call more and more in his search for a better life. The Government studies also showed that Negroes have larger families but lower incomes and less schooling than whites. The Census Bureau study indicated that in general Negroes fare better economically and educationally outside the South. Whites Move Farther But another study showed that more whites move from region to region than Negroes, whose change of address is more likely to be confined to the same state. In its studies, the bureau didn't attempt to detail reasons why the Negro migration from the South is continuing but one official said it was basically a matter of jobs. The large-scale exodus began during the Northern manpower shortage of World War I, an official said, and it intensified during and after World War II. Mechanization of Southern plantations, which once employed hundreds and even thousands of Negroes, is another reason not only for the exodus to the North and West but also for the movement of the Negro from the farm to the big cities in the South, itself, the official added. Census studies noted that the largest percentage increase in Negro population was to the West, especially California. the About 8.2 per cent of the Negro population lived in West last year-compared with 5.7 per cent in 1960. Increases in the Northeast and North were not as Central states sharp although the over-all percentages were greater. The bureau said 17.9 per cent of the Negro population lived in the Northeast last year compared with 16 per cent in in the North Central states— 1960 while 20.2 per cent lived compared with 18.3 per cent in 1960. The Census Bureau figures also indicated that many Negroes the South but were moving were not only migrating from westward from the Northern states as well. The Labor Department, in assessing the economic and social position of the American Negro, said the vast majority of colored people are city dwellers, even in the South where better than three out of every five negroes live in urban areas. And about half the Negroes in the six cities with the largest colored populations-New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, Washington and Los Angeleswere born elsewhere, chiefly in the South. A Census Bureau study of the Negro at mid-decade found that: qOf the 4.4 million Negro families, about half lived in the South. gOne of every four Negro adults had completed four years of high school or some college but in the South the proportion was one out of six. It was one ¶Negro families in the South The Labor Department said the Negro population-about 11 per cent of the total-appeared proportionately greater than it Actually, the department Senator RIBICOFF. A number of members of the press have asked whether they could chat with me about these hearings. We will take a 10-minute recess, and I will return here and be available to the press. Senator KENNEDY. Mr. Chairman, we have a distinguished visitor in the hearing room today, Mr. Randolph Churchill, with his daughter. (Whereupon, at 12:10 p.m., the subcommittee adjourned, subject to the call of the Chair.) о 83-453 HEARINGS BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON EXECUTIVE REORGANIZATION OF THE COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS NINETIETH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION APRIL 18, 1967 PART 15 Printed for the use of the Committee on Government Operations LAW LIBRARY UCI 17 1967 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1967 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office C. J. Haggerty, president, Building and Construction Trades Department, AFL-CIO; accompanied by M. A. Hutcheson, president, United Brother- hood of Carpenters and Joiners of America; Peter Fosco, secretary- treasurer, Laborers' International Union of North America; Gordon M. Freeman, president, International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers; Peter T. Schoemann, president, United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipefitting Industry of the United States and Canada; Hunter P. Wharton, president, International Union of Operating Engineers; and Frank Bonadio, secretary-treasurer, 204. Table showing hourly wage scales and employer insurance, pension, and vacation payments for selected building trades in 100 cities, January 3, 1967, submitted by Mr. C. J. Haggerty, president, Building and Construction Trades Department. 205. Article from Industrial and Labor Relations Review, "The Effects of Unions on Efficiency in the Residential Construction Industry: A Case Study," by Allan B. Mandelstamm, professor, Michigan 206. Construction Craftsman, the official publication of the Building and Construction Trades Department, AFL-CIO, March 1967- 207. A statistical analysis of Apprenticeship Information Center activities for the calendar year 1966, compiled by the Department of Labor, submitted by Mr. C. J. Haggerty. 208. Excerpts from a report to the Office of Manpower Policy, Evaluation and Research of the Manpower Administration of the Department of Labor, "Negro Participation in Apprenticeship Programs," by F. Ray Marshall, project director and professor, University of 209. Bills introducted by Senator Jacob Javits relating to housing and rehabilitation, S. 1198-1201, submitted for the record by Senator 210. Article from the United Association Journal, "How About It?" by Peter T. Schoemann, general president, United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipefitting Industry of the United States and Canada, April 1965... 211. Telegrams from the Painters Union District Council of New York and the Carpenters Union District Council of New York, concern- ing instant rehabilitation in New York, received by Senator 212. Information concerning nonwhite participation in selected building trades unions and apprenticeship programs in several U.S. cities, from "Negro Participation in Apprenticeship Programs," a report to the Office of Manpower Policy, Evaluation and Research of the Manpower Administration of the Department of Labor, by F. Ray Marshall, project director, and Vernon M. Briggs, Jr., associate ΠΙ |