*NEGROES INCREASE

SOUTHERN EXODUS

U.S. Studies Show Majority May Be in North by 1970

New York Times December 1, 1966

WASHINGTON, Nov. 30 (AP) -American Negroes are steadily moving out of the South to the North and West and, if present trends continue, the majority will no longer be living in the old Confederacy by

1970.

In the five years between 1960 and 1965, more than two million Negroes migrated from the South, Census Bureau and Labor Department studies show. In 1960, 60 per cent of the nation's 18.85 million Negroes lived in the South. Five years later, only 53.6 per cent of the nation's 20.94 million Negroes still lived below the MasonDixon line.

And like the white man before him, the Negro is begin: ning to heed the westward call

more and more in his search for a better life.

The Government studies also showed that Negroes have larger families but lower incomes and less schooling than whites. The Census Bureau study indicated that in general Negroes fare better economically and educationally outside the South.

Whites Move Farther

But another study showed that more whites move from region to region than Negroes, whose change of address is more likely to be confined to the same state.

In its studies, the bureau didn't attempt to detail reasons why the Negro migration from the South is continuing but one official said it was basically a matter of jobs.

The large-scale exodus began during the Northern manpower

shortage of World War I, an official said, and it intensified during and after World War II.

Mechanization of Southern plantations, which once employed hundreds and even thousands of Negroes, is another reason not only for the exodus

to the North and West but also for the movement of the Negro from the farm to the big cities in the South, itself, the official added.

Census studies noted that the

largest percentage increase in Negro population was to the West, especially California.

the

About 8.2 per cent of the Negro population lived in West last year-compared with 5.7 per cent in 1960. Increases in the Northeast and North were not as Central states sharp although the over-all percentages were greater.

The bureau said 17.9 per cent of the Negro population lived in the Northeast last year compared with 16 per cent in in the North Central states— 1960 while 20.2 per cent lived compared with 18.3 per cent in 1960.

The Census Bureau figures also indicated that many Negroes the South but were moving were not only migrating from westward from the Northern states as well.

The Labor Department, in assessing the economic and social position of the American Negro, said the vast majority of colored people are city dwellers, even in the South where better than three out of every five negroes live in urban

areas.

And about half the Negroes in the six cities with the largest colored populations-New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, Washington and Los Angeleswere born elsewhere, chiefly in the South.

A Census Bureau study of the Negro at mid-decade found that:

qOf the 4.4 million Negro families, about half lived in the South.

gOne of every four Negro adults had completed four years of high school or some college but in the South the proportion