PREFACE–1988 EDITION

This eleventh edition of the United States Code, prepared and published pursuant to section 285b of Title 2 of the Code, is a consolidation and codification of all the general and permanent laws of the United States in force on January 3, 1989. By statutory authority, this edition may be cited “U.S.C. 1988 ed.”. Previous editions were published in 1926, 1934, 1940, 1946, 1952, 1958, 1964, 1970, 1976, and 1982.

Because many of the general and permanent laws that are required to be incorporated in the Code are inconsistent, redundant, and obsolete, the Office of the Law Revision Counsel of the House of Representatives has been engaged in a continuing, comprehensive project authorized by law to revise and codify, for enactment into positive law, each title of the Code. When this project is completed, all the titles of the Code will be legal evidence of the general and permanent laws and recourse to the numerous volumes of the United States Statutes at Large for this purpose will no longer be necessary. Titles 1, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 17, 18, 23, 28, 31, 32, 35, 37, 38, 39, 44, 46, and 49 have been revised, codified, and enacted into positive law and the text thereof is legal evidence of the laws therein contained. The matter contained in the other titles of the Code is prima facie evidence of the laws.

The title and chapter structure of the 1982 edition, together with Supplement V thereto, has been substantially preserved, the only changes made having been necessitated by the enactment of legislation since 1982.

This edition was prepared and published under the supervision of Edward F. Willett, Jr., Law Revision Counsel of the House of Representatives, with the assistance of the West Publishing Company of St. Paul, Minnesota, which assisted in preparing all prior editions and supplements of the Code. Grateful acknowledgment is made to the staffs of the Office of the Law Revision Counsel, the West Publishing Company, and the Government Printing Office for their untiring efforts to make this edition as nearly perfect as possible.

TABLE OF TITLES AND CHAPTERS

TITLE 1-GENERAL PROVISIONS

Chap.

22. John C. Stennis Center for Public Chap.

Training and Development.
1. Rules of Construction.
2. Acts and Resolutions; Formalities of En-

actment; Repeals; Sealing of Instru-
ments.

TITLE 3—THE PRESIDENT
3. Code of Laws of United States and Sup- 1. Presidential Elections and Vacancie
plements; District of Columbia Code

2. Office and Compensation of Preside and Supplements.

3. Protection of the President; United

Secret Service Uniformed Division

4. Delegation of Functions.
TITLE 2—THE CONGRESS
1. Election of Senators and Representatives.
2. Organization of Congress.

TITLE 4-FLAG AND SEAL, SEAT OF
3. Compensation and Allowances of Mem- ERNMENT, AND THE STATES
bers.

1. The Flag. 4. Officers and Employees of Senate and

2. The Seal. House of Representatives.

3. Seat of the Government. 5. Library of Congress.

4. The States.
6. Congressional and Committee Procedure;

5. Official Territorial Papers.
Investigations.
7. Contested Elections (Repealed).
8. Federal Corrupt Practices (Repealed).
8A. Regulation of Lobbying.

TITLE 5-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZE 9. Office of Legislative Counsel.

AND EMPLOYEES 9A. Office of the Law Revision Counsel.

PART 1-THE AGENCIES GENERALLY 9B. Legislative Classification Office.

1. Organization. 9C. Office of the Parliamentarian of the

3. Powers. House of Representatives.

5. Administrative Procedure. 9D. Office of Senate Legal Counsel.

6. 10. Classification of Employees of House of

The Analysis of Regulatory Function

7. Judicial Review.
Representatives.
10A. Payroll Administration in House of Rep-

9. Executive Reorganization.
resentatives.

PART II-CIVIL SERVICE FUNCTIONS AP 11. Commission on Executive, Legislative, and

RESPONSIBILITIES
Judicial Salaries.

11. Office of Personnel Management.
12. Contested Elections.

12. Merit Systems Protection Board and 13. Joint Committee on Congressional Oper

cial Counsel. ations.

13. Special Authority. 14. Federal Election Campaigns.

15. Political Activity of Certain State 15. Office of Technology Assessment.

Local Employees.
16. Congressional Mailing Standards.
17. Congressional Budget Office.

PART III-EMPLOYEES
17A. Congressional Budget and Fiscal Oper-

SUBPART A-GENERAL PROVISIONS ations.

21. Definitions. 17B. Impoundment Control.

23. 18. Legislative Personnel Financial Disclosure

Merit System Principles.

29. Requirements.

Commissions, Oaths, Records, and 19. Congressional Award Program.

ports. 20. Emergency Powers To Eliminate Budget

SUBPART B-EMPLOYMENT AND RETENTION
Deficits.

31. Authority for Employment.
21.
Civic Achievement Award Program in

33. Examination, Selection, and Placeme Honor of Office of Speaker of House of

34. Part-Time Career Employment Opp Representatives.

nities.

Page Ix

Ar