SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 14 of this title; title 12 section 1457; title 16 section 718e. § 475. Imitating obligations or securities; advertisements Whoever designs, engraves, prints, makes, or executes, or utters, issues, distributes, circulates, or uses any business or professional card, notice, placard, circular, handbill, or advertisement in the likeness or similitude of any obligation or security of the United States issued under or authorized by any Act of Congress or writes, prints, or otherwise impresses upon or attaches to any such instrument, obligation, or security, or any coin of the United States, any business or professional card, notice, or advertisement, or any notice or advertisement whatever, shall be fined not more than $500. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 706; July 16, 1951, ch. 226, § 2, 65 Stat. 122.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 292 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 177, 35 Stat. 1122). Enumeration of obligations of the United States was omitted in view of definition in section 8 of this title. Changes in phraseology were also made. AMENDMENTS 1951-Act July 16, 1951, prohibited use of notices or advertising prints or labels on United States coins. CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 14 of this title; title 12 section 1457. § 476. Taking impressions of tools used for obligations or securities Whoever, without authority from the United States, takes, procures, or makes an impression, stamp, or imprint of, from or by the use of any tool, implement, instrument, or thing used or fitted or intended to be used in printing, stamping, or impressing, or in making other tools, implements, instruments, or things to be used or fitted or intended to be used in printing, stamping, or impressing any obligation or other security of the United States, shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 707.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 266 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 152, 35 Stat. 1117). Enumeration of substances on which impressions could be made and enumeration of various kinds of tools to be used were omitted as unnecessary. Reference to circulating note or evidence of debt was omitted in view of definition of obligations and securities in section 8 of this title. Changes in phraseology were also made. CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. CROSS REFERENCES Possession of impressions of tools used for obligations or securities, punishment, see section 477 of this title. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in sections 14, 477 of this title; title 12 section 1457. § 477. Possessing or selling impressions of tools used for obligations or securities Whoever, with intent to defraud, possesses, keeps, safeguards, or controls, without authority from the United States, any imprint, stamp, or impression, taken or made upon any substance or material whatsoever, of any tool, implement, instrument or thing, used, fitted or intended to be used, for any of the purposes mentioned in section 476 of this title; or Whoever, with intent to defraud, sells, gives, or delivers any such imprint, stamp, or impression to any other person Shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 707.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 267 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 153, 35 Stat. 1117). Changes in phraseology were made. CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 14 of this title; title 12 section 1457. § 478. Foreign obligations or securities Whoever, within the United States, with intent to defraud, falsely makes, alters, forges, or counterfeits any bond, certificate, obligation, or other security of any foreign government, purporting to be or in imitation of any such security issued under the authority of such foreign government, or any treasury note, bill, or promise to pay, lawfully issued by such foreign government and intended to circulate as money, shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 707.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 270 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 156, 35 Stat. 1117). Reference to persons causing, procuring, aiding or assisting was omitted as unnecessary as such persons are made principals by section 2 of this title. Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative. Changes were also made in phraseology. CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. CROSS REFERENCES Foreign government defined, see section 11 of this title. Uttering counterfeit foreign obligations or securities, see section 479 of this title. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in sections 14, 479 of this title. § 479. Uttering counterfeit foreign obligations or se- Whoever, within the United States, knowing- HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 271 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 157, 35 Stat. 1118). Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative. Changes were made in phraseology. CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 14 of this title. § 480. Possessing counterfeit foreign obligations or securities Whoever, within the United States, knowingly and with intent to defraud, possesses or delivers any false, forged, or counterfeit bond, certificate, obligation, security, treasury note, bill, promise to pay, bank note, or bill issued by a bank or corporation of any foreign country, shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 707.) HISTORICAL And Revision NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 274 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 160, 35 Stat. 1118). Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative. Changes were also made in phraseology. CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 14 of this title. § 481. Plates or stones for counterfeiting foreign obligations or securities Whoever, within the United States except by lawful authority, controls, holds, or possesses any plate, stone, or other thing, or any part thereof, from which has been printed or may be printed any counterfeit note, bond, obligation, or other security, in whole or in part, of any foreign government, bank, or corporation, or uses such plate, stone, or other thing, or know ingly permits or suffers the same to be used in counterfeiting such foreign obligations, or any part thereof; or Whoever, except by lawful authority, makes or engraves any plate, stone, or other thing in the likeness or similitude of any plate, stone, or other thing designated for the printing of the genuine issues of the obligations of any foreign government, bank, or corporation; or Whoever, except by lawful authority, prints, photographs, or makes, executes, or sells any engraving, photograph, print, or impression in the likeness of any genuine note, bond, obligation, or other security, or any part thereof, of any foreign government, bank, or corporation; or Whoever brings into the United States any counterfeit plate, stone, or other thing, engraving, photograph, print, or other impressions of the notes, bonds, obligations, or other securities of any foreign government, bank, or corporation Shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 708.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 275 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 161, 35 Stat. 1118). References to persons causing, procuring, assisting or aiding were omitted as unnecessary as such persons are made principals by section 2 of this title. Changes in phraseology were made. CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. CROSS REFERENCES Philatelic reproductions permitted, see section 504 of this title. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 14 of this title. § 482. Foreign bank notes Whoever, within the United States, with intent to defraud, falsely makes, alters, forges, or counterfeits any bank note or bill issued by a bank or corporation of any foreign country, and intended by the law or usage of such foreign country to circulate as money, such bank or corporation being authorized by the laws of such country, shall be fined not more than $2,000 or imprisoned not more than two years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 708.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Reference to persons causing, procuring, aiding and assisting was omitted as unnecessary as such persons are made principals by section 2 of this title. Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative. Changes were made in phraseology. CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. CROSS REFERENCES Uttering counterfeit foreign bank notes, see section 483 of this title. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in sections 14, 483 of this title. § 483. Uttering counterfeit foreign bank notes Whoever, within the United States, utters, passes, puts off, or tenders in payment, with intent to defraud, any such false, forged, altered, or counterfeited bank note or bill, mentioned in section 482 of this title, knowing the same to be so false, forged, altered, and counterfeited, whether or not the same was made, forged, altered, or counterfeited within the United States, shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 708.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 273 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 159, 35 Stat. 1118). Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative. Changes were made in phraseology. CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 14 of this title. § 484. Connecting parts of different notes Whoever so places or connects together different parts of two or more notes, bills, or other genuine instruments issued under the authority of the United States, or by any foreign government, or corporation, as to produce one instrument, with intent to defraud, shall be guilty of forgery in the same manner as if the parts so put together were falsely made or forged, and shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 708.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 276 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 162, 35 Stat. 1119). Minor changes in phraseology were made. CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 14 of this title. § 485. Coins or bars Whoever falsely makes, forges, or counterfeits any coin or bar in resemblance or similitude of any coin of a denomination higher than 5 cents or any gold or silver bar coined or stamped at any mint or assay office of the United States, or in resemblance or similitude of any foreign gold or silver coin current in the United States or in actual use and circulation as money within the United States; or Whoever passes, utters, publishes, sells, possesses, or brings into the United States any false, forged, or counterfeit coin or bar, knowing the same to be false, forged, or counterfeit, with intent to defraud any body politic or corporate, or any person, or attempts the commission of any offense described in this paragraph Shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than fifteen years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 708; July 23, 1965, Pub. L. 89-81, title II, § 211(a), 79 Stat. 257.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 277 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 163, 35 Stat. 1119). Reference to persons causing, procuring, aiding or assisting was omitted as unnecessary as such persons are made principals by section 2 of this title. Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative. The provision for imprisonment for 10 years was changed to 15 years to conform to sections 471 and 472 of this title. Changes were made in phraseology. AMENDMENTS 1965-Pub. L. 89-81 struck out "Gold or silver" before "Coins or bars" in section catchline, changed the description of the United States coins covered in first par. from gold or silver coins to any coin of a denomination higher than 5 cents, and made minor structural changes in second par. CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. CROSS REFERENCES Coins and currency generally, see sections 331 to 336 of this title and sections 5111 et seq. and 5131 et seq. of Title 31, Money and Finance. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 14 of this title. § 486. Uttering coins of gold, silver or other metal Whoever, except as authorized by law, makes or utters or passes, or attempts to utter or pass, any coins of gold or silver or other metal, or alloys of metals, intended for use as current money, whether in the resemblance of coins of the United States or of foreign countries, or of original design, shall be fined not more than $3,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 709.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 281 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 167, 35 Stat. 1120). Reference to persons causing or procuring was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of "principal" in section 2 of this title. Changes were made in phraseology. CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 14 of this title. § 487. Making or possessing counterfeit dies for coins Whoever, without lawful authority, makes any die, hub, or mold, or any part thereof, either of steel or plaster, or any other substance, in likeness or similitude, as to the design or the inscription thereon, of any die, hub, or mold designated for the coining or making of any of the genuine gold, silver, nickel, bronze, copper, or other coins coined at the mints of the United States; or Whoever, without lawful authority, possesses any such die, hub, or mold, or any part thereof, or permits the same to be used for or in aid of the counterfeiting of any such coins of the United States Shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than fifteen years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 709.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 283 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 169, 35 Stat. 1120). Reference to persons causing, procuring, aiding or assisting was omitted as unnecessary as such persons are made principals by section 2 of this title. Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative. The provision for imprisonment for 10 years was changed to 15 years to conform to section 471 of this title. Changes in phraseology were made. CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS § 488. Making or possessing counterfeit dies for foreign coins Whoever, within the United States, without lawful authority, makes any die, hub, or mold, or any part thereof, either of steel or of plaster, or of any other substance, in the likeness or similitude, as to the design or the inscription thereon, of any die, hub, or mold designated for the coining of the genuine coin of any foreign government; or Whoever, without lawful authority, possesses any such die, hub, or mold, or any part thereof, or conceals, or knowingly suffers the same to be used for the counterfeiting of any foreign coin Shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 709.) HISTORICAL And Revision Notes Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 284 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 170, 35 Stat. 1120). Reference to persons causing, procuring, aiding or assisting was omitted as unnecessary as such persons are made principals by section 2 of this title. Provision for $2,000 fine was increased to $5,000 to conform with section 481 of this title. Phraseology were made. CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 14 of this title. § 489. Making or possessing likeness of coins Whoever, within the United States, makes or brings therein from any foreign country, or possesses with intent to sell, give away, or in any other manner uses the same, except under authority of the Secretary of the Treasury or other proper officer of the United States, any token, disk, or device in the likeness or similitude as to design, color, or the inscription thereon of any of the coins of the United States or of any foreign country issued as money, either under the authority of the United States or under the authority of any foreign government shall be fined not more than $100. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 709; July 16, 1951, ch. 226, § 3, 65 Stat. 122.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 285 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 171, 35 Stat. 1121; Feb. 15, 1912, ch. 38, 37 Stat. 64). Reference to persons causing or procuring was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of “principal" in section 2 of this title. Changes were made in phraseology. AMENDMENTS 1951-Act July 16, 1951, struck out "publisher's illustrations excepted" in section catchline, struck out from text all language which could be interpreted to prohibit or restrict the making and printing of coin illustrations in magazines and other publications, and gave the Secretary of the Treasury the authority to make exceptions to the application of this section. CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS Whoever falsely makes, forges, or counter- Whoever passes, utters, publishes, or sells, or brings into the United States, or possesses any such false, forged, or counterfeited coin, with intent to defraud any person, shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned not more than three years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 709; Feb. 14, HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Reference to persons causing, procuring, aiding or Changes were made in phraseology. AMENDMENTS 1984-Pub. L. 98-216 substituted "one-cent and 5cent coins minted" for "minor coins coined". EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1984 AMENDMENT Section 4(c) of Pub. L. 98-216 provided that: "The amendments made by sections 1(3), (4), and (7) and 3(b)(1) of this Act [amending this section and sections 3322, 3528, and 5132 of Title 31, Money and Finance] are effective as of September 13, 1982." CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 14 of this title. § 491. Tokens or paper used as money (a) Whoever, being 18 years of age or over, not lawfully authorized, makes, issues, or passes any coin, card, token, or device in metal, or its compounds, intended to be used as money, or whoever, being 18 years of age or over, with intent to defraud, makes, utters, inserts, or uses any card, token, slug, disk, device, paper, or other thing similar in size and shape to any of the lawful coins or other currency of the United States or any coin or other currency not legal tender in the United States, to procure anything of value, or the use or enjoyment of any property or service from any automatic merchandise vending machine, postage-stamp machine, turnstile, fare box, coinbox telephone, parking meter or other lawful receptacle, depository, or contrivance designed to receive or to be operated by lawful coins or other currency of the United States, shall be fined not more than $1,000, or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. (b) Whoever manufactures, sells, offers, or advertises for sale, or exposes or keeps with intent to furnish or sell any token, slug, disk, device, paper, or other thing similar in size and shape to any of the lawful coins or other currency of the United States, or any token, disk, paper, or other device issued or authorized in connection with rationing or food and fiber distribution by any agency of the United States, with knowledge or reason to believe that such tokens, slugs, disks, devices, papers, or other things are intended to be used unlawfully or fraudulently to procure anything of value, or the use or enjoyment of any property or service from any automatic merchandise vending machine, postage-stamp machine, turnstile, fare box, coinbox telephone, parking meter, or other lawful receptacle, depository, or contrivance designed to receive or to be operated by lawful coins or other currency of the United States shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. Nothing contained in this section shall create immunity from criminal prosecution under the laws of any State, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, territory, possession, or the District of Columbia. (c) "Knowledge or reason to believe", within the meaning of paragraph (b) of this section, may be shown by proof that any law-enforcement officer has, prior to the commission of the offense with which the defendant is charged, informed the defendant that tokens, slugs, disks, or other devices of the kind manufactured, sold, offered, or advertised for sale by him or exposed or kept with intent to furnish or sell, are being used unlawfully or fraudulently to operate certain specified automatic merchandise vending machines, postage-stamp machines, turnstiles, fare boxes, coin-box telephones, parking meters, or other receptacles, depositories, or contrivances, designed to receive or to be operated by lawful coins of the United States. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 710; Sept. 19, 1962, Pub. L. 87-667, 76 Stat. 555.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 282, 282a (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 168, 35 Stat. 1120, and § 168a as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 151, 58 Stat. 149). Mandatory punishment provision in subsection (a) was rephrased in the alternative. Sections were consolidated and changes were made in phraseology. Reference to persons causing or procuring was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of "principal" in section 2 of this title. Punishment provision in paragraph (a) of 5 years was changed to 1 year to make the offense a misdemeanor as was done in paragraph (b) of this section, which represents the latest expression of the intention of Congress. See definition of felony and misdemeanor in section 1 of this title and note thereunder. In paragraph (b) the $3,000 fine was reduced to $1,000 to conform to paragraph (a) and as more in keeping with the gravity of offense. AMENDMENTS 1962-Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87-667 inserted "being 18 years of age or over," before "not lawfully authorized", and "or whoever, being 18 years of age or over, with intent to defraud, makes, utters, inserts, or uses any card, token, slug, disk, device, paper, or other thing similar in size and shape to any of the lawful coins or other currency of the United States or any coin or other currency not legal tender in the United States, to procure anything of value, or the use or enjoyment of any property or service from any automatic merchandise vending machine, postage-stamp machine, turnstile, fare box, coinbox telephone, parking meter or other lawful receptacle, depository, or contrivance designed to receive or to be operated by lawful coins or other currency of the United States," and deleted "for any 1-cent, 2-cent, 3-cent, or 5-cent piece, authorized by law, or for coins of equal value" after "intended to be used as money". Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 87-667 substituted "device, paper, or other thing similar" for "device similar", "paper, or other device issued or authorized in connection with rationing or food and fiber distribution" for "or other device issued or authorized in connection with rationing", and "devices, papers, or other things are intended to be used unlawfully" for "or other devices may be used unlawfully", inserted "or other currency" before "of the United States" in two places, and "lawful" before "receptacle, depository", and provided that nothing in this section shall create immunity from criminal prosecution under the laws of any State, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, territory, possession, or the District of Columbia. CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. |