13-2 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SOVIET BLOC HEARINGS BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON EUROPE OF THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS EIGHTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION PART I RECENT TRENDS IN SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN LITERATURE, COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS THOMAS E. MORGAN, Pennsylvania, Chairman CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI, Wisconsin ARMISTEAD I. SELDEN, JR., Alabama L. H. FOUNTAIN, North Carolina CORNELIUS E. GALLAGHER, New Jersey FRANCES P. BOLTON, Ohio E. ROSS ADAIR, Indiana WILLIAM S. MAILLIARD, California J. IRVING WHALLEY, Pennsylvania E. Y. BERRY, South Dakota BOYD CRAWFORD, Staff Administrator MELVIN O. BENSON, Staff Consultant JUNE NIGH, Senior Staff Assistant MARY LOUISE O'BRIEN, Staff Assistant MARY MEDSGER, Staff Assistant DORIS B. MCCRACKEN, Staff Assistant JEAN SMITH, Staff Assistant ROBERT J. BOWEN, Clerical Assistant CONTENTS LIST OF WITNESSES Brumberg, Abraham, editor of "Problems of Communism,' Erlich, Dr. Victor, Bensinger professor of Russian literature and Rannit, Dr. Aleksis, member of the Council on Russian and East European Studies, Yale University, and curator of Slavic and East Clurman, Dr. Harold Edgar, stage director, drama critic and author; currently associated with the Lincoln Repertory Theater in New Dodge, Dr. Norton T., assistant professor of economics, University of Kuh, Mrs. Katharine, art editor, "Saturday Review". Selz, Dr. Peter, curator, Department of Painting and Scuplture, Berman, Dr. Harold J., professor of law, Harvard Law School.. Biega, Boleslaw, chairman, Social and Economic Committee of the Assembly of Captive European Nations---- Kirchheimer, Dr. Otto, professor of government, Columbia University. McGowan, Edward, director, Information Center for American 134 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SOVIET BLOC Recent Trends in Soviet and East European Literature MONDAY, JANUARY 27, 1964 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS, The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:05 a.m., in room 1302, Longworth Building, Hon. Edna F. Kelly (chairman of the subcommittee) presiding. Mrs. KELLY. The subcommittee will come to order. The Subcommittee on Europe is charged with legislative jurisdiction over foreign policy affecting countries of that continent, including those located behind the Iron Curtain. In discharging its responsibilities, the subcommittee has taken particular interest in the developments within the Soviet bloc. We held a long series of hearings on the captive European nations in 1962 and published a report of our findings and recommendations in the spring of 1963. We are meeting this morning to begin a new set of hearings devoted to further developments in the Soviet bloc. Many complex and far-reaching changes have taken place recently in that area. The purpose of our hearings is to determine what these changes are and what implications they may have for U.S. foreign policy. For purposes of clarification and convenience we have divided the set of hearings into a series of panel discussions, each centering on a different aspect of life behind the Iron Curtain. We will consider in turn changes taking place in the arts, in literature, in law, in economics, and politics of that area, and in various related fields. The subcommittee is approaching its task without any preconceived notion as to the course these hearings may take. In inviting witnesses to appear before us we have made no attempt to marshal opinion behind a particular set of conclusions or a given line of reasoning. Our object is simply to develop a reliable fund of information about changes taking place in the Soviet bloc, one that may prove helpful to the committee and to the Congress in acting on legislation designed to implement our foreign policy. Our only criterion in selecting witnesses has been their reputation for integrity and their familiarity with the current conditions in the countries of the Soviet bloc. I would like to say that we are extremely gratified by the excellent response which this project has received from the private sector. We are fortunate to have a sizable group of American experts, some of them present here this morning, who 1 |