(b) Carriers replace lost labels. Carriers must keep on hand an adequate supply of labels. Lost or detached labels must be replaced from information given on revenue or other waybill.*+ [Pars. W21, W22]

83.15

Manifests, cargo lists, and other billing. The carrier must see that each shipment of explosives is properly described on the shipping order and any other shipping paper, and on the manifest or cargo list under one of the names in the list of "shipping names," § 80.268 (a), and that the correct gross weight is given. Abbreviations must not

be used.

(a) The manifest or cargo list for any of the dangerous explosives included in list § 80.268 (a) (1) must have plainly stamped or plainly written thereon, in letters not less than three eighths of an inch high, the word "Explosives."

(b) The manifest or cargo list for any of the less dangerous explosives included in list § 80.268 (a) (2) must have plainly stamped or plainly written thereon, in letters not less than three eighths of an inch high the word "Inflammable."

(c) No indorsements are required on manifests or cargo list for any of the relatively safe explosives included in list § 80.268 (a) (3).*† [Pars. W23, W24]

83.16 Shipping names, kind of label, and shipper's certificate on manifest or cargo list. The manifest or cargo list prepared from the bill of lading, shipping order, or other shipping paper, for dangerous articles as defined in the regulations in Parts 80-83, must properly describe these articles as prescribed herein, see § 83.11, and state the color or kind of label applied. The shipper's certificate must be in possession of the initial carrier when these indorsements or label notations are made on manifest or cargo list.** [Par. W25]

83.17 Indorsements on manifest or cargo list for other than explosives. The manifest or cargo list for any dangerous article requiring red or yellow label must also have plainly stamped or plainly written thereon, in letters not less than three eighths of an inch high, the word "Inflammable"; or for any dangerous article requiring white "Acid" or "Corrosive Liquid" label, the words "Corrosive Liquid"; or for poisonous articles requiring "Poison" label, the word "Poisonous"; or for poisonous articles requiring the "Poison Gas" label, the words "Poison Gas."

No indorsements are required on manifests or cargo lists for articles bearing green or tear-gas labels.** [Par. W26]

83.18 Examination of shipping orders, other shipping papers, and packages. (a) Carriers must examine shipping orders and any other shipping papers and packages offered for transportation to see that the regulations have been complied with, proper specification in Parts 72-83 containers used, and that packages are in proper condition for transportation.

(b) Forwarding companies must have on file shipper's certified bill of lading or shipping order, and know that packages delivered to carrier for transportation comply with the regulations in Parts 72-83.** [Pars. W27, W28]

**For statutory and source citations, see note to § 83.1.

Page 1203

REGULATIONS APPLYING MORE PARTICULARLY TO THE CARRIERS OF EXPLOSIVES AND OTHER DANGEROUS ARTICLES BY WATER

83.50 Preparation of outbound vessels to transport explosives-(a) Precautions in loading. (1) No explosive as defined by § 80.268 (a) (1), (2), except fireworks as defined in the regulations in this part, will be allowed to be placed on board any vessel subject to the regulations in Parts 72-83 until the rest of the cargo has been placed aboard the vessel. This applies to ships moving from ports of origin. As far as practicable, all necessary work in the construction of floors, magazines, partitions, etc., or for the removal of any combustibles from that part of the hold in which explosives are to be stowed, shall be completed before loading of the explosives is commenced. All rubbish, shovelings, old oil, paint cans, oily rags, rope ends, etc., must be kept cleared out of the hold. Floors must be kept broom clean. All decks, gangways, and holds over which explosives must be passed in loading must be freed from all loose metal or tools, and carefully swept before loading is commenced and after loading has ceased.

(2) Whenever any explosives are to be loaded on or discharged from any such vessel, the hold, so far as may be practicable, and the gangways and decks of the vessel shall be carefully cleared and swept.

(3) The hatches of any such vessel having explosives on board shall be kept closed except during the loading and unloading of the vessel, and when so closed shall be covered with tarpaulin securely battened. (4) All electric-light wires in holds containing explosives must be in conduits, and no repairs may be made in any hold or compartment containing explosives.

(b) Fire precautions; electric lights used; exhaust of sparks from funnels or stacks prevented. (1) No unnecessary fires shall be permitted on vessels, barges, lighters, or scows carrying explosives. Fires deemed necessary must be properly safeguarded and left in constant charge of some one member of the crew for the entire period the fires are burning. No artificial light, except electric lights or electric lanterns, shall be permitted in any hold or compartment which contains explosives. Crews must not have or carry on their person matches, bale hooks, firearms, or cartridges. Flash lights must be provided for attendants.

(2) Lighters, barges, and scows, and all tugs engaged in hauling lighters, barges, scows, or other vessels, loaded with explosives listed in § 80.268 (a) (1), must have their funnels or smokestacks covered with screening of suitable size to prevent the exhaust of sparks, and this screening must be renewed whenever it is broken.* [Pars. W50, W51]

83.51 Preparation of compartments, lockers, and magazines of vessels. (a) All explosives listed in § 80.268 (a) (1) must be stowed in lockers, compartments, or ship's magazines constructed in accordance with the requirements for magazines prescribed herein. Explosives stowed on open-deck vessels must be covered.

(b) Magazines for explosives listed in § 80.268 (a) (1) must be constructed entirely of wood not less than 1 inch thick, nailed with

Page 1204

**For statutory and source citations, see note to § 83.1.

cement-coated nails with heads countersunk. Construction must be such as to separate containers of explosives from all metal surfaces. If a metal stanchion, post, or other obstruction, is located within the area of the magazine, such obstruction must be entirely covered with wood, nailed with cement-coated nails with heads countersunk.

(c) Ammunition or other explosives must not be stowed against boiler-room bulkheads. If explosives are stowed in the compartment, locker, or magazine next to the boiler room, additional protection should be provided by a cofferdam bulkhead, constructed at least 4 feet from the boiler-room bulkhead, with ventilation for the space between the two bulkheads.

(d) Lockers and compartments selected to serve in lieu of magazines must be carefully prepared, and any exposed metal surfaces, such as floors, bolt heads, hinges, stanchions, or door-locking devices, must be covered with wood, nailed with cement-coated nails with heads countersunk.** [Par. W52]

83.52 Storage of explosives and other dangerous articles. (a) Unauthorized persons must not have access to explosives or other dangerous articles at any time while such articles are in the custody of carriers.

(b) Explosives as defined in § 80.268 (a) (1), (2) awaiting removal or delivery must be stored outside the dock or wharf when practicable, and every possible effort must be made to reduce the time of this storage. If the shipment is not removed within the time limit specified in § 83.7, it must be disposed of in accordance with that section. (c) Explosives held for delivery or loading must be in a safe place. (d) Explosives named in § 80.268 (a) (1), (2) must not be stored near any of the other dangerous articles for which labels are prescribed by the regulations in Parts 80-83.*+ [Par. W53]

83.53 Loading, unloading, and other handling-(a) Competent supervision. The master or other competent officer of every vessel and/or the chief stevedore, or person in charge of stevedores, must fully understand the regulations in Parts 72-83 and see that they are fully complied with.

(b) Precautionary measures used. (1) No unnecessary fires shall be permitted on vessels, barges, lighters, or scows while explosives are being received, delivered, or stowed. Fires deemed necessary must be in constant charge of some one individual for the entire period of burning.

(2) All packages of explosives must be handled carefully. Packages of explosives must not be thrown, dropped, or unnecessarily dragged, rolled, or slid over each other or over decks. Portions of metal decks or exposed metal objects or surfaces over which explosives are to be handled must be covered with wood, canvas, or other material that will tend to prevent the occurrence of sparks.

CROSS REFERENCE: For loading chart, see Part 73.

(c) Restrictions necessary in handling. (1) Careful men must be chosen to handle explosives. Feet of the men and the deck must be as free as possible from grit, and all possible precautions must be taken against fires. Men engaged in loading, unloading, or other

**For statutory and source citations, see note to § 83.1.

Page 1205

handling of explosives on any vessel, barge, lighter, or scow must not have or carry on their persons any metal tools, bale hooks, matches, firearms, or cartridges.

(2) Explosives shall be loaded, unloaded, or otherwise handled between sunrise and sunset, except in cases of extreme emergency.

(3) Persons engaged in loading, unloading, or other handling of explosives shall not wear boots or shoes with hob nails, or shod or strengthened with iron, unless such boots or shoes are covered with spark-preventive material such as leather, felt, or rubber. No person under the influence of liquor or drugs shall be allowed on any vessel, barge, lighter, or scow on which explosives are being loaded or stowed, or from which explosives are being unloaded, nor shall such person be permitted to approach any such craft.

(4) No smoking shall be permitted on board or in the vicinity of any vessel, barge, lighter, or scow while explosives are being handled; nor on any vessel on which explosives are stowed, until the magazine has been closed and the hatches are secured.

(5) In handling packages of explosives between cars and lighters, or between lighters and vessels in which they are to be stowed, and in transferring the explosives, the greatest care must be taken, and shocks or falls liable to injure packages must be avoided.

(6) Special provisions must be made for handling explosives at docks or wharves on rivers, bays, or harbors where it is impracticable to establish explosives anchorages. Loading and unloading regulations prescribed in this section must be enforced.

(7) Relatively small or weak packages of explosives in any net or basket used for transferring them must be so loaded that they will not be crushed or broken by other packages.

(8) Gross weight of explosives that may be transferred in any crate or basket will depend upon the strength and capacity of equipment used. In no case may the load exceed 2,400 pounds.

(9) Fireworks must not be loaded with any explosive named in § 80.268 (a) (1).

(10) When small quantities of smokeless powder or fireworks are to be loaded, unloaded, or transferred at any dock, wharf, or slip within the limits of any city or town, municipal regulations must be complied with, or application must be made to proper authorities for permission to perform the work. The explosives must not be removed from powder anchorage until the authority has been granted. (d) Electric lights used in handling explosives; strangers identified. When necessary to use lights while handling explosives, it is recommended that incandescent electric lights be provided. Every person, other than a member of the crew, having business on board any vessel, barge, lighter, or scow being loaded or unloaded, or already loaded with explosives, must be properly identified by the chief stevedore or other person in charge of such water craft before being permitted to board such craft.

(e) Detonator agents, acids and explosives not stowed together. (1) Detonating fuzes, blasting caps, or electric blasting caps in any quantity, or articles required to be shipped under white (acid or corrosive liquid) label, must not be loaded in the same part of the vessel

Page 1206

with explosives, explosive projectiles, explosive torpedoes, explosive mines, explosive bombs, wet nitrocellulose, wet nitrostarch, picric acid, trinitrotoluol, tetranitroaniline, or tetranitromethylaniline.

(2) Explosives and other dangerous articles must not be loaded together, except as provided in the loading chart, Part 73.

(3) In handling packages containing dangerous articles other than explosives, care must be taken to prevent them from falling or being broken. Heavy packages should be trucked, rolled, or moved with skids or other satisfactory device, and must not be dropped from trucks, platforms, or hoists. Planks for rolling trucks from docks to vessels should have beveled ends.

(4) Carboys of acid or other corrosive liquid should be handled so as not to spill the contents. "Empty" carboys should be handled with necks up.

(5) Packages bearing caution labels must be so loaded that they will not be crushed or otherwise injured.

(6) Charged electric storage batteries must be well insulated to prevent short circuits and must not be loaded with explosives.*† [Pars. W54-W58]

83.54 Equipment for handling explosives. (a) When difference in elevation or weather condition renders impossible the transfer by hand or chute of articles named in § 80.268 (a) (1) from one vessel, barge, lighter, or scow to another, or between such craft and docks, transfer must be made by mechanical hoists and special crate or basket, as described in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section. Explosives transferred in this manner must not be handled roughly. They must be hoisted and lowered carefully and may only be deposited on a cushion as described in paragraph (b) of this section. (b) Pudding fender or cushion, properly stuffed and covered with leather or canvas, shall be used for shipping or landing every explosive, either in the hold of any vessel or upon the deck of any barge, lighter, or scow, or upon any warehouse, wharf, or other place. The pudding fender or cushion to be used for receiving or discharging explosives shall be one-third larger than the size of the load to be landed thereon, and not less than 6 inches in thickness at any point. (c) The crate to be used in transferring explosives should be constructed of hardwood that is 2 inches in thickness and 4 inches in width. Three sides of the crate should be permanently fastened to the bottom by means of bronze angles and bronze screws. The fourth side preferably should be held in position by slotted construction of the two end posts of the crate, permitting this side to be removed for the loading of explosives into the crate, and for unloading them when the crate is deposited on the cushion on board ship. The crate must be of such dimensions that it can easily enter the hatchway in any position.

(d) Rope net or basket used for transferring explosives must be constructed of heavy rope with the greatest dimension of any mesh not more than one-half of the smallest dimension of any box, keg, or other container placed therein.

(e) When an inclined chute is employed in transferring explosives such chute must be constructed of planed boards not less than 1 inch

**For statutory and source citations, see note to § 83.1.

Page 1207