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6. Annual Earnings According to Race, Age, and Sex. 165
Annual Earnings of Male Heads of Families
. 168
7. Annual Family Income.
Sources of Family Income
Old and New Immigration Compared
X-THE FLOATING IMMIGRANT LABOR SUPPLY
1. Methods of Securing Work
Labor Agencies
The Padrone System
2. Racial Classification of Railroad and Other Construc-
tion Laborers
3. Period of Residence of Immigrant Workmen in the
United States
4. Earnings.
5. Characteristics of the Labor Supply
6. Housing and Living Conditions in the West
7. Working and Living Conditions in the South
8. The Commissary in Southern Camps
Detention Practises .
. 169
. 170
. 173
175
. 176
. 179
Lack of Technical Training
Illiteracy and Inability to Speak English
Their Necessitous Condition
Low Standards of Living
Lack of Permanent Interest
Tractability of the Immigrant
.
181
182
. 183
·
183
. 185
. 188
. 189
. 191
9. Southern Employers' Preferences for Labor
10. Maintenance of Law and Order in Southern Camps. 192
11. The Middle States
. 193
XI-THE IMMIGRANT AS A DYNAMIC FACTOR IN
INDUSTRY
1. Salient Characteristics of the Immigrant
Supply
180
Labor
2. The Inefficiency of the Immigrant Has Encouraged
the Use of Machinery
3. The Employment of the Immigrant Has Changed
the Form of Industrial Organization
194
. 195
196
197
. 198
198
199
4. Immigration Has Produced Unsatisfactory Condi-
tions of Employment.
The Effect of the Recent Immigrant upon
Standards of Living
The Immigrant and Labor Organizations
5. Racial Displacement as a Result of Immigrant Com-
1. Assimilation.
3. Mexicans
petition
205
207
6. Immigration Has Checked Increase in Wages.
7. Industrial Depressions
€ 208
8. General Conclusions
209
9. The Outlook for the American Wage-Earner
211
XII-EUROPEAN AND MEXICAN IMMIGRANTS ON
THE PACIFIC COAST
of Contact With
Unskilled Immigrants
Knowledge of English
Italian Colonies, Portuguese, etc.
Number
1. The Chinese:
Occupations in Early Years
Race Prejudice
Are Other Races Inferior?
Race Feeling Elsewhere
Orientals Not Easily Assimilated
Form a Separate Class
Governmental Action of China and Japan
Advantages of Association With Other Na-
tions.
Advantages
Orientals
2. Population of the Pacific Coast
Europeans and Mexicans
Changes Since 1900 .
Displacement of Americans by European
Workmen.
214
. 214
•
. 215
216
. 216
. 217
Educated
200
202
219
220
. 220
218
222
. 223
224
€ 225
226
. 227
XIII-ORIENTAL IMMIGRATION TO THE PACIFIC
COAST STATES
231
232
3. The Japanese
Picture Brides: Proxy Marriages.
Attitude of Governments
Canada and Japan
Occupation.
4. Japanese Workmen
Strike-breakers
Japanese Contractors
Wages
Efficiency
Race Feeling
Agriculture.
Advance of Japanese Laborers.
Farm Owners and Leaseholders
6. Conclusion:
Domestic Service and Merchandizing
Societies and Guilds .
Assimilation
Anti-Japanese Feeling
5. The East Indians or Hindus
Wages and Efficiency
Standard of Living
Illiteracy
Demand for Labor
Effect of Competition on Wages.
252
Number.
Immigration from Canada.
253
Excluded as Liable to Become Public Charges. 254
Unskilled Laborers
254
241
242
243
244
246
247
249
250
251
6. Conclusion-Continued
Objections to Oriental Immigration-Social,
Political.
258
They Prevent Immigration of White Races 259
XIV-AGENCIES OF PROTECTION, DISTRIBUTION
AND ASSIMILATION
1. Needs and Present Methods of Distribution
2. Immigrant Homes and Aid Societies
Work of Aid Societies.
Number of Workers and Persons Assisted
Cooperation of the Government .
Details of Work
3. Results of Investigation of Immigrant Homes
4. Influence of Immigrant Churches
Toward Segregation.
Toward Permanency of Residence
The Young Men's Christian Association
The North American Civic League
Travelers' Aid Society
Settlements.
Alien Societies and Organizations
XV-ASSIMILATION AND PROGRESS
1. Progress of Assimilation Slow .
5. Work of Native Churches and Religious Organiza- tions Among Immigrants
6. The Work of Other Organizations
2. Changes in Bodily Form
Shape of Skull
Results of Investigations
3. Industrial Progress and Efficiency
4. Naturalization and Interest in Public Affairs
261
263
265
. 266
267
. 268
7. State Bureaus.
278
8. The Activities of the Railroads
280
9. Bureau of Information of the Federal Government . 280
Benefits from Ideas of Immigrants
Desirable to Exclude Those Who Can Not Be
Assimilated.
284
285
286
287
289
290
ments .
2. State Legislation Abandoned
3. State Control Declared Unconstitutional
XVI-LEGISLATION AND ADMINISTRATION
1. The "Native-American" or "Know Nothing" Move-
4. Control by the Federal Government
The Law of 1882 . .
The Investigations of 1893
The Immigration Law of 1907
6. The Dillingham-Burnett Bill
7. The Second Dillingham Bill
8. Chinese Immigration Laws and Treaties
9. The Chinese Exclusion Law of 1902.
10. The Chinese Exclusion Law of 1904
11. Legislation Relative to Japanese Laborers.
12. The California Alien Land-Holding Legislation
13. The Administration of the Law
5. Legislation for the Suppression of the White-Slave
Traffic.
. 293
. 296
299
. 302
314
317
337
338
339
343
348
. 349
. 350
. 351
352
. 354
· 355
1. Few New Laws Needed
357
2. Industrial Conditions Demand Restriction.
358
3. Recommendations of the Immigration Commission. 359
Majority Report .
. 359
Views of the Minority
. 364