SAGBUT

mantle.] A mixed woven fabric of silk and cotton; sayette. 'A panegyric on pieces of sagathy. Tatler.

Sagbutt (sagʻbut), n. Same as Sackbut. Burton.

Sage (saj), n. [Fr. sauge, from L. salvia, sage, from salvus, safe, sound-on account of the reputed virtues of the plant.] The common name of plants of the genus Salvia, a very large genus of monopetalous exogenous plants, nat. order Labiata, containing about 450 species, widely dispersed through the temperate and warmer regions of the globe. They are herbs or shrubs of widely varying habit, usually with entire or cut leaves and various-coloured (rarely yellow) flowers. The best known and most frequently used in this country is the S. officinalis, or garden sage, a native of various parts of the south of Europe. This plant is much used in cookery, and is supposed to assist the stomach in digesting fat and lascious foods. It was formerly in great repute as a sudorific, aromatic, astringent, and antiseptic. It possesses stimulant properties in a high degree, and sage tea is commended as a stomachic and slight stimulant. Two species, S. pratensis (meadow-sage) and S. Verbenaca (wild sage or vervain clary), are natives of Great Britain.-Sage apple, an excrescence upon a species of sage (Salvia pomifera) caused by the puncture of an insect. Sage brush, a low irregular shrub (Artemisia Ludoviciana) of the order Compositæ, growing in dry alkaline soils of the American plains. The name is also given to other American species of Artemisia.Sage cheese, a kind of cheese, flavoured, and coloured green with the juice of sage. The juice of spinage is also usually added to heighten its colour.-Sage cock, a bird belonging to the Tetraonidæ (Centrocercus urophasianus), resembling the prairie-fowl, but much larger. It is found in the Rocky Mountain region, and feeds on the leaves of the sage brush.

Sage (saj), a. [Fr. sage, from L. sapius (extant only in ne-sapius, imprudent), later form sabius, wise, from root of sapio, to taste (whence sapient)] 1. Wise; having nice discernment and powers of judging; prudent; sagacious; as, a sage counsellor. 'Sage, grave men.' Shak.

Most men (till by losing render'd sager)

Will back their own opinions with a wager. Byron. 2. Proceeding from wisdom; well-judged; well adapted to the purpose; as, sage counsels. 'Under show of sage advice.' Milton. 3. Grave; solemn; serious. 'Sage and solemn times.' Milton. -SYN. Wise, sagacious, sapient, grave, prudent, judicious. Sage (saj), n. A wise man; a man of gravity and wisdom; particularly, a man venerable for years, and known as a man of sound judgment and prudence; a grave philosopher. 'Groves where immortal sages taught.' Pope.

A star,

Unseen before in heaven, proclaims him come, And guides the eastern sages. Milton. He thought as a sage but he felt as a man. Beattie. Sagely (sajli), adv. In a sage manner; wisely; with just discernment and prudence. 'Our Saviour sagely thus replied." Milton. Sagene (sa-jen'), n. See SAJENE. Sageness (saj'nes), n. The quality of being sage; wisdom; sagacity; prudence; gravity. Sagenite (saj'en-it), n. [Fr. sagénite, from L. sagena, Gr. sagene, a large net.] Acicular rutile, or red oxide of titanium. The acicular crystals cross each other, giving a reticulated appearance; hence the name. Sagenitic (saj-en-it'ik), a. [See above.] Applied to quartz when containing acicular crystals of other materials, most commonly rutile, also tourmaline, actinolite, and the like.

Sagg (sag), v.i. Same as Sag.

Sagger (sager), n. [See SEGGAR.] 1. A seggar or clay pot used in making pottery-ware. See SEGGAR.-2. A clay used in making these pots.

Sagina (sa-ji'na), n. Pearl-wort, a genus of plants. See PEARL-WORT.

Saginatet (saj'i-nat), v.t. [L. sagino, saginatum, to fatten, to feed.] To pamper; to glut; to fatten.

Sagitta (saj'i-ta), n. [L., an arrow.] 1. The Arrow, one of the old constellations of the northern hemisphere. It contains no stars higher than the fourth magnitude.-2. In zool. a genus of annelids, forming Huxley's order Chatognatha. This animal is a transparent marine form, attaining the length of

756

about an inch. The head carries a series of setæ or bristles surrounding the mouth, and the hinder margin of the body is fringed. A single nerve-mass lies in the abdomen. The species are found living in the open sea, in the Mediterranean, and in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The affinities of this animal are with the worms, but it is anomalous in respect of its variations from the worm type.-3. The keystone of an arch. [Rare.]-4. In geom. (a) the versed sine of an arc. (b) The abscissa of a curve. [Rare.]

Sagittal (saj'i-tal), a. [L. sagittalis, from sagitta, an arrow.] Pertaining to an arrow; resembling an arrow. In anat. applied to the suture which unites the parietal bones of the skull.

His wound was between the sagittal and coronal

sutures to the bone.

Wiseman.

Sagittaria (saj-i-ta'ri-a), n. [From L. sagitta, an arrow-the leaves resembling an arrowhead.] A genus of plants, nat. order Alismacese. The species are water-plants, and are found in the hotter and temperate parts of the globe, and are frequently remarkable for the beauty of their white three-petalled flowers. S. sagittifolia, or common arrowhead, is indigenous in this country. The rhizomes of many of the species contain amylaceous matter, and form a nutritious food.

Sagittarius (saj-i-ta'ri-us), n. [L., an archer.] One of the zodiacal constellations which the sun enters Nov. 22. It is represented on celestial globes and charts by the figure of a centaur in the act of shooting an arrow from his bow.

Sagittary (saj'i-ta-ri), n. [See above.] 1. An
old name for a centaur.-2.† The arsenal at
Venice, or the residence there of the com-
manders of the army and
navy: so called from the
figure of an archer over the
gate. Shak.

Sagittary (saj i-ta-ri), a.
Pertaining to an arrow. Sir
T. Browne.

Sagittate (saj'i-tat), a. [L.
sagitta, an arrow.] Shaped
like the head of an arrow;
triangular, hollowed at the
base, with angles at the

hinder part; sagittal: used Sagittate Leaf. especially in bot.

Sago (sa'go), n. [Malay and Javanese sagu, sago, from Papuan sagu, bread.] A kind of starch, produced from the stem or cellular substance of several palms and palm-like vegetables, the chief of which are the Sagus lævis, S. Rumphii, the Phoenix farinifera, Corypha Gebanga, Caryota urens, Saguerus saccharifer, and some cycads, but these last yield a very inferior sort. Sagus lævis, from which the finest sago is prepared, forms immense forests on nearly all the Moluccas, each tree yielding from 100 to 800 lbs. of sago. The tree when at maturity is about 30 feet high, and from 18 to 22 inches in diameter. The

sago or medullary matter, which is prepared by the plant for the use of the flowers and

Sago Palm (Sagus lavis).

fruit, is most abundant just before the evolution or appearance of the spadix or flowerbud. At this period the tree is cut down and the medullary part extracted from the trunk, and reduced to powder like sawdust. The filaments are next separated by wash

SAIL

ing, and the meal laid to dry. For exportation, the finest sago meal is mixed with water, and then rubbed into small grains of the size and form of coriander seeds. This is the kind principally brought to England. The Malays have a process for refining sago, and giving it a fine pearly lustre, the method of which is not known to Europeans; but there are strong reasons to believe that heat is employed, because the starch is partially transformed into gum. The sago so cured is in the highest estimation in all the European markets. Sago forms a light,wholesome, nutritious food, and may be used as a pudding, or prepared in other ways as an article of diet for children and invalids when a farinaceous diet is required.-Portland sago. See under ARUM.

Sagoin, Sagouin (sa-goin', sag'o-in), n. [The native South American name.] A genus (Callithrix) of Brazilian platyrhine monkeys of small size, and remarkably light, active, and graceful in their movements. Both the body and tail are covered with beautiful fur, and the latter they use as a protection against cold. When tame they are very gentle and much attached to their masters. Their tail is non-prehensile. Called also Squirrel Monkey and Saimaris. Saguerus (sa-gu-e'rus), n. A genus of plants, nat. order Palmaceæ or palms, inhabiting the Indian Archipelago and some parts of the Asiatic continent. S. saccharifer (the arenga or gomuti-palm) is of great value to the natives of the Indian islands, yielding a valuable fibre, palm-wine, and sugar, and considerable quantities of sago, of a rather inferior quality. See GOMUTI Sagum (sa'gum), n. [L.] The military cloak worn by the Roman soldiers and inferior officers, in contradistinction to the paluda mentum of the superior officers. It was the garb of war, as the toga was the garb of peace.

Sagus (sa'gus), n. A genus of palms from which sago is obtained. See SAGO. Sagy (sa'ji), a. Full of sage; seasoned with

sage.

Sahib (sä'ib), n. [Hind., from Ar. sahib, lord, master] A term used by the natives of India or Persia in addressing or speaking of Europeans; as, the sahib did so and so; Colonel sahib. Sahibah is the corresponding feminine form.

Sahlite (sah'lit), n. Same as Malacolite. Sai (sä'i), n. A species of sapajou or South American platyrhine monkey, the Cebua capucinus, found in Brazil. Called also the Weeper Monkey. See SAPAJOU. Salc(sa'ik), n. [Fr. saïque, from Turk shaika, a saic.] A Turkish or Grecian vessel, very common in the Levant, a kind of ketch which has no top-gallant-sail nor mizzentop-sail.

Said (sed), pret. & pp. of say: so written for sayed. 1. Declared; uttered; reported.2. Aforesaid; before mentioned: used chiefly in legal style. 'King John succeeded his said brother.' Sir M. Hale.

Saiga (sa'ga), n. A species of antelope (Colas or Antilope Saiga) found on the steppes of Russia and on the Russian borders of Asia It forms one of the two European species antelopes; the other being the chamois The nose is of peculiar structure, the oper ings being very large and covered by a soft cartilaginous arch. The saiga of Tartary (S. Tartarica) is presumably a distinct spe cies from the above.

Sail (sal), n. [A. Sax. segel, segi, a sail; co Icel. segl, G. and Sw. segel, Dan. seil, D. 20 the term. no doubt denotes an agent, and the word is probably from an Indo-Europea root (sagh) meaning to check, to resist 1. A piece of cloth or a texture or tissue of some kind spread to the wind to cause, of assist in causing, a vessel to move through the water. The sails of European vessels are usually made of several breadths of canvas sewed together with a double seam at the borders, and edged all round with a cord of cords called the bolt-rope or bolt-ropes. A sail extended by a yard hung (slung) by the middle and balanced is called a square a sail set upon a gaff, boom, or stay is called a fore-and-aft sail. The upper part of every sail is the head, the lower part the foot, the sides in general are called leeches; but the weather side or edge (that is, the side net the mast or stay to which it is attached of any but a square sail is called the and the other edge the after leech. The lower two corners of a square sail are in g eral clues; the weather clue of a fore and

SAIL

aft sail, or of a course while set, is the tack. Sails generally take their names, partly at least, from the mast, yard, or stay upon which they are stretched; thus, the maincourse, main-top sail, main-topgallant sail are respectively the sails on the mainmast, main-topmast, and main-topgallant mast. The principal sails in a full-rigged vessel are the courses or lower sails, the topsails and topgallant sails. The cut shows the sails of a ship, which are not greatly different from those of a barque. The vessel represented might, however, carry additional sails to those shown; thus she might have staysails

757

on the stays of the main and mizzen masts, and fore-and-aft sails (called spencers) on the main and fore masts.-2. A funnel-shaped bag, open at both ends, on the deck of a ship to intercept or gather air and lead it below deck for the purpose of ventilation.-3. That portion of the arm of a windmill which catches the wind. And the whirring sail goes round.' Tennyson.-4. A wing. [Poetical.]

SAIL-LOFT

5. A ship or other vessel; as, we saw a sail and gave chase: used as a plural with the singular form; as, the fleet consisted of 20 sail. Sometimes collectively, a fleet.

We have descried, upon our neighbouring shore, A portly sail of ships make hitherward. Shak. 6. A journey or excursion upon water; a passage in a vessel or boat.

Here is my journey's end, here is my butt, And very sea-mark of my utmost sail. Shak. -Full sail, with all sails set.-To loose sails, to unfurl them.-To make sail, to extend an additional quantity of sail.-To set sail, to expand or spread the sails; and hence, to

begin a voyage.-To shorten sail, to reduce the extent of sail or take in a part.-To strike sail, (a) to lower the sails suddenly, as in saluting or in sudden gusts of wind. Acts xxvii. 17. (b) To abate show or pomp. [Colloq.]

Margaret

Must strike her sail and learn awhile to serve
Where kings command.
Shak.

-Under sail, having the sails spread. Sail (sal), v. [From the noun.] 1. To be impelled or driven forward by the action of wind upon sails, as a ship on water; hence, to move or be impelled, as a ship or boat, by any mechanical power, as by steam, oars, &c.; as, a ship sails ten knots an hour; she sails well close-hauled.-2. To be conveyed in a vessel on water; to pass by water; as, we sailed from London to Canton.

And when we had sailed over the sea of Cilicia and Pamphylia, we came to Myra, a city of Lycia. Acts xxvii. 5. 3. To swim, as a fish or swimming bird. Little dolphins, when they sail In the vast shadow of the British whale. Dryden. 4. To set sail; to begin a voyage.

There yet were many weeks before she sail'd.
Sail'd from this port.
Tennyson.

5. To fly without striking with the wings;
to glide through the air without apparent
exertion; to move smoothly through the
air. Sails upon the bosom of the air.'
Shak. 'Sails between worlds and worlds
with steady wing.' Milton.
The owlet Atheism
Sailing on obscene wings athwart the noon,
Drops his blue-fringed lids.
Coleridge.

6. To pass smoothly along; to glide; to float; as, the clouds sail; she sailed into the room.

Merchantman under Full Sail.

11. Fore-topmast studding-sail.

12. Main-course.

13. Main-top sail.

14. Main-topgallant sail. 15. Main-royal.

To sail over, in arch. to project beyond a surface. Gwilt.

Sail (sål), v. t. 1. To pass or move upon or over by means of sails or other propulsory means, as steam, oars, &c.

A thousand ships were mann'd to sail the sea.
Dryden.

2. To move upon or pass over, as in a ship. 'Sail seas in cockles." Shak.-3. To fly through.

Sublime she sails

Th' aerial space, and mounts the winged gales.
Pope.

4. To navigate; to direct or manage the mo-
tion of; as, to sail one's own ship.
Sailable (sal'a-bl), a. Capable of being sailed
on or through; navigable; admitting of
being passed by ships.

Sail-boat (sal'bōt), n. A boat propelled by or fitted for a sail or sails. Sailborne (sal'börn), a. Borne or conveyed by sails. Falconer. Sail-broad (sal'brad), a. Spreading like a sail.

Milton

At last his sail-broad vans He spreads for flight. Sailcloth (sal'kloth), n. Canvas or duck used in making sails for ships, &c. Saile,t v.t. To assail. Romaunt of the Rose.

Sailer (sal'èr), n. 1.One that sails; a seaman; a sailor. Sir P. Sidney. [Rare. 1-2. A ship or other vessel with reference to her manner of sailing; as, a heavy sailer; a fast sailer; a prime sailer.

'You must be mad. She is the fastest sailer between here and the Thames.... I care not!' the porter replied, snatching up a stout oaken staff that lay in a corner, I'm an old sailor.' G. A. Sala. Sail-fish (sal'fish), n. A name given to the basking-shark (Selache maximus), from its

21. Mizzen-top-sail. 22. Mizzen-topgallant sail

23. Mizzen-royal.

24. Mizzen-sky-sail.
25. Spanker or driver.

habit of swimming on the surface of the water with its dorsal fin exposed, somewhat like the sail of a ship. Yarrell. Sail-hook (sål'hök), n. A small hook used for holding the seams of a sail square in the act of sewing.

Sail-hoop (sål'hop), n. One of the rings by which fore-and-aft sails are secured to masts and stays.

Sailing (sal'ing), n. 1. The act of one who or that which sails.-2. The art or rules of navigation; the art or the act of directing a ship on a given line laid down in a chart. The term is also applied to the rules by which in particular circumstances a ship's place and its motion are computed.-Current sailing, the method of determining the true course and distance of a ship when her own motion is combined with that of a current. -Globular sailing. See GLOBULAR.-Great circle sailing, the manner of conducting a ship between one place and another, so that her track may be along or nearly along the arc of a great circle, that is a circle whose plane would pass through the two places and the centre of the earth, the arc of a great circle being the curve of shortest distance between any two places.-Mercator's sailing, that in which problems are solved according to the principles applied in Mercator's projection. See MERCATOR'S CHART.-Middle-latitude sailing. See under MIDDLE-Oblique sailing. See OBLIQUE. Parallel sailing. See PARALLEL.-Traverse sailing. See TRAVERSE. Sailing-master (sal'ing-mas-tér), n. See MASTER, 1. (e). Sailless (sal'les), a. Destitute of sails. Sail-loft (sal'loft), n. A loft or apartment where sails are cut out and made.

SAIL-MAKER

Sail-maker (sal'māk-er), n. One whose occupation is to make, alter, or repair sails. Sail-needle (sal'ne-dl), n. A large needle with a triangular tapering end, used in sewing canvas.

Sailor (sal'èr), n. [Another spelling of sailer.] A mariner; a seaman; one of the crew of a ship or vessel, usually one of the ordinary hands, or those before the mast.

Tennyson.

I see the cabin-window bright;
I see the sailor at the wheel.
Sailor-like (säl'èr-lik), a. Like sailors.
Sail-room (sal'röm), n.

An apartment in a vessel where spare sails are stowed away. Saily (säl'i), a. Like a sail.

The Muse her former course doth seriously pursue, From Penmen's craggy height to try her saily wings. Drayton.

Sail-yard (sal'yärd), n. The yard or spar on which sails are extended.

Saim (sam), n. [See SEAM.] Lard; fat. [Provincial English and Scotch.]

Saimaris (sä'i-ma-ris), n. [Indian name.] The sagoin or squirrel monkey. P. M. Duncan. See SAGOIN.

Saint (san). For Sayen, pp. of say.

It is an epilogue or discourse, to make plain
Some obscure precedence that hath tofore been
Shak.

sain.

Sain, Sane (san), v. t. [A. Sax. sênian, segnian, to sign, to bless, from segen, segn, a sign; G. segen, a sign, segnen, to sign, to bless; from L. signum, the sign of the cross.] To bless with the sign of the cross; to bless so as to protect from evil influence. Sir W. Scott. [Scotch.]

Sainfoin, Saintfoin (san'foin, sant'foin), n. [Fr. sainfoin, from sain, wholesome, and foin, hay. Another derivation is from Fr. saint, holy, and foin, which gives the German name heilig-heu (holy hay).] A plant, Onobrychis sativa, nat. order Leguminosa, a native of calcareous soils in central and south Europe. It has been in regular cultivation for upwards of two centuries for the purpose of supplying fodder for cattle either in the green state or when converted into hay. In England it is extensively cultivated on the Cotswold Hills, and on the chalk soils of Dorset, Hants, Wilts, &c. It does not thrive well except when the soil or subsoil is calcareous. It is a pretty plant with narrow pinnate leaves and long spikes of bright pink flowers.

Saint (sant), n. [Fr., from L. sanctus, sacred, holy, pp. of sancio, to render sacred.] 1. A person sanctified; a holy or godly person; one eminent for piety and virtue. It is particularly applied to the apostles and other holy persons mentioned in Scripture. 'A hypocrite may imitate a saint.'" Addison.

2. One of the blessed in heaven. Rev. xviii. 24. 3. An angel. Deut. xxxiii. 2; Jude 14.-4. One canonized by the Church of Rome. Often contracted St. when coming before a personal name. St. Agnes' flower, the snow-flake (Erinosma).-St. Andrew's cross, (a) a cross shaped like the letter X. (b) A North American shrub (Ascyrum Crux Andrea).-St. Anthony's fire, erysipelas. - St. Barnaby's thistle, the Centauria solstitialis, a plant sometimes found in cornfields in the south of England.-St. Catherine's flower, the Nigella damascena. -St. Christopher's herb, the royal fern (Osmunda regalis), also a name given to the baneberry (Actaea spicata).-St. Cuthbert's beads, the detached and perforated joints of the fossil stem of Encrinitis moniliformis. Called also Wheelstones and Lily-stones.-St. Cuthbert's duck, the eider-duck (Somateria mollissima).-St. Elmo's light, corposant (which see)-St. George's ensign, the distinguishing badge of ships of the royal navy, consisting of a red cross on a white field, with the union-flag in the upper quarter next the mast.-St. Helen's beds. See OSBORNE-SERIES.-St. Ignatius' bean, the seed of a large climbing shrub, of the nat. order Loganiaceæ, nearly allied to that which produces nux vomica. The seeds were formerly considered a remedy for cholera.-St. James' wort, ragwort or ragweed (Senecio Jacobea).-St. John's bread. See CERATONIA.-St. John's pear. See MADELINE-PEAR-St. John's wort. See HYPERICACEAE.-St. Martin's herb, a mucilaginous tropical plant (Sauvagesia erecta), used for medicinal purposes.-St. Peter's fingers, a familiar term for belemnites, many of which have a finger-like form.-St. Peter's wort, a plant of the genus Ascyrum, and Hypericum quadrangulum; also, in old herbals, the cowslip. -St. Thomas' tree, a small tree (Bauhinia tomentosa), a native of

Whether the charmer sinner it or saint it, If folly grows romantic, I must paint it. Pope. Saintdom (sant'dum), n. The state or condition of being a saint; the state of being sainted or canonized; canonization.

I will not cease to grasp the hope I hold
Of saintdom.

Tennyson. Sainted (sant'ed), p. and a. 1. Canonized; enrolled among the saints.-2. Holy; pious; 'A most sainted king.' Shak.-3. Sacred. The gods on sainted seats.' Milton. 4. Entered into bliss; gone to heaven: often used as a euphuism for dead. 'The very picture of his sainted mother.' Thackeray. Saintess (sant'es), n. A female saint.

Some of your saintesses have gowns and kirtles Sheldon. made of such dames' refuses. Saintfoin, n. Same as Sainfoin. Sainthood (sant'hod), n. The character, rank, or position of a saint. 'The superior honour of monkish sainthood.' H. Walpole. Saintish (sant'ish), a. Somewhat saintly; affected with piety: used ironically. T. Hook.

Saintism (sant'izm), n. The quality or character of saints. Canting puritanism and saintism.' Wood. [Rare.]

Saintlike (sant' lik), a. 1. Resembling a saint; saintly; as, a saintlike prince.-2. Suiting a saint; becoming a saint. 'Gloss'd over only with a saintlike show.' Dryden. Saintliness (sant'li-nes), n. The quality or state of being saintly.

Saintly (sant'li), a. Like a saint or what belongs to a saint; becoming a holy person. 'Wrongs with saintly patience borne.' Milton. Practis'd falsehood under saintly shew.' Milton.

Saintologist (san-tol'o-jist), n. One who writes the lives of saints; one versed in the history of saints. [Rare.]

Saint-seeming (sant'sem-ing), a. Having the appearance of a saint. A saint-seeming and Bible-bearing hypocritical puritan.' Mountagu.

Saintship (sant'ship), n. The character or qualities of a saint. 'Might shake the saintship of an anchorite,' Byron. Saint-Simonian (sant-si-mo'ni-an), n. A partisan of the Count de St. Simon, who maintained that the principle of joint-stock property, and just division of the fruits of common labour among all members of society, is the true remedy for the evils of society.

Saint-Simonianism (sant-si-mo'ni-an-izm),

N.

The doctrines, principles, or practice of the Saint-Simonians.

Sair (sár), a. Sore; painful; sorrowful; severe. [Scotch.]

Sair (sar), adv. Sorely; in a great degree; very much. [Scotch.]

The like of her have played warse pranks, and so has also hersell, unless she is the sairer lied on.

Sir W. Scott.

Sair (sär), v.t. To serve; to fit; to be large enough; to satisfy, as with food. [Scotch.] Sairin', Sairing (sar'in), n. As much as satisfies or serves the turn; enough; as, he has got his sairing. [Scotch.] Sairly (sárli), adv. Sorely. [Scotch.] Saith (saTH), n. Same as Sethe. Saiva (si'va), n. A votary of Siva. The Saivas are one of the three great sects of Hindustan. The sect comprehends several subdivisions. Its members belong chiefly to the learned and speculative classes. Sajene (sa-jen'), n. A Russian measure of length equal to 1167 English fathoms, or about 7 feet English measure. Written also Sagene.

Sajou (sa'jö), n. One of a division of American monkeys. See SAPAJOU. Saka (sa'ka), n. The native name of the bastard purple heart-tree, a species of Co

SAL

paifera, used in Demerara as a wood for furniture.

Sake (sák), n. [A. Sax. sacu, contention, strife, a cause or suit at law; Icel. sök, sake, cause, suit; L.G. sake, G. sache, suit-at-law, cause, affair, thing; A. Sax. sacan, Goth. sakan, Icel. saka, to contend, accuse, &c. From the same root as seek, L. sequor, to follow. Comp. as to meaning cause, because.] 1 Fi nal cause; end; purpose; purpose of obtaining; as, the hero fights for the sake of glory, men labour for the sake of subsistence or wealth.-2. Account; reason; cause; interest; regard to any person or thing. The plural is regularly used in such phrases as: 'For your fair sakes.' Shak. For both our sakes' Shak. The sign of the genitive (possessive) is often omitted. Thus Shakspere has 'For heaven sake;' 'For fashion sake,' &c.

I will not again curse the ground any more for man's sake. Gen. vii. 21.

The word seems only to occur in such phrases as the above, having always for before it.

Saker (sa'kér), n. [Spelled also sacre, from Fr. sacre, a falcon, then a piece of ordnance; Sp. and Pg. sacre, from Ar. sagr, a sparrowhawk. It was customary to give the names of hawks to muskets and pieces of artillery.) 1. A hawk; a species of falcon. The name has sometimes been given to the lanner, but properly belongs to a distinct species, the Falco sacer, a European and Asiatic falcon, still used in falconry among the Asiatics2. A small piece of artillery.

The cannon, blunderbuss, and saker,
He was the inventor of and maker. Hudibras

Sakeret (sa'kér-et), n. The male of the

saker.

Sakhrat (sak'rat), n. [Ar.] In Mohamme dan myth. the name for a sacred stone, one grain of which confers miraculous powers It is of an emerald colour, and the blue tint of the sky is due to its reflection. Saki (sa'ki), n. The American name of those platyrhine monkeys which constitute the genus Pithecia. They have for the most

Saki Cuxio (Pithecia satanas).

part long and bushy tails, and thus have obtained the name of Fox-tailed Monkeyt In its general acceptation the term denotes any American monkey whose tail is not prehensile.

Saki (sa'ki), n. [Japanese.] The native beer and common stimulating beverage of the Japanese. It is made from rice, and is drunk warm, producing a very speedy but transient intoxication.

Sakta (säk'ta), n. [Skr. sakti, power, energy A member of one of the great divisions of the Hindu sects, the Saktas, comprising the warshippers of the female principle according to the ritual of the Tantra. They are d vided into two branches, the followers of the right-hand and left-hand ritual. The latter practise the grossest impurities Sakur (sa'kur), n An Indian name for small rounded astringent galls formed on some species of Tamarix, which are used in medicine and dyeing. Simmonds. Sal (sal), n. (See SALT.] Salt: a word much used by the older chemists and in phar macy.-Sal aeratus. See SALERATUS-Sel alembroth, or salt of wisdom, a compound of corrosive sublimate and sal ammonise once used in medicine, but now discarded. -Sal ammoniac, hydrochlorate or muriate of ammonia, a salt of a sharp acrid taste, much used in the arts and in pharmacy The name is derived from the temple of Jupiter Ammon, in Egypt, where it was originally made by burning camels' dungSal de Duobus, an ancient chemical name

SAL

applied to sulphate of potash.--Sal diureticus, an old name for acetate of potash.Sal gem, or sal gemmæ, native chloride of sodium, or rock-salt.-Sal mirable, sulphate of soda; Glauber's salt.-Sal prunella, nitrate of potash fused into cakes or balls, and used for chemical purposes.-Sal seignette, tartrate of potash and soda; Rochelle salt-Sal volatile, carbonate of ammonia. The name is also applied to a spirituous solution of carbonate of ammonia flavoured with aromatics.

Sal (sal), n. [Native name.] One of the most valuable timber trees of India, Shorea robusta, nat. order Dipteraceæ. Extensive forests of it used to clothe the base of the southern slope of the Himalayas, but these have been much destroyed by tapping for the sake of a whitish, aromatic, transparent resin, used to caulk boats and ships, and also for incense. The sal forests are now protected by government. See SHOREA. Salaam (sa-lam'), n. [Per. and Ar. salám, Heb. shalom, peace.] A ceremonious salutation or obeisance among orientals. In the East Indies the personal salaam or salutation is an obeisance executed by bending the head with the body downwards, in extreme cases nearly to the ground, and placing the palm of the right hand on the forehead.-Sending a person your salaam is equivalent to presenting your compliments. Salaam (sa-lam'), v. i. To perform the salaam; to salute with a salaam. (See the noun.) W. H. Russell. Salable (sal'a-bl), a.

See SALEABLE.

Salacious (sa-la'shus), a. [L. salax, salacis, salacious, from salio, to leap.] Lustful; lecherous.

One more salacious, rich, and old,

Outbids, and buys her pleasure with her gold. Dryden. Salaciously (sa-la'shus-li), adv. In a salacious manner; lustfully; with eager animal appetite.

Salaciousness (sa-la'shus-nes), n. The quality of being salacious; lust; lecherousness; strong propensity to venery.

Salacity (sa-las'i-ti), n. [L. salacitas.] Salaciousness.

Salad (sal'ad), n. [Fr. salade, It. salata, a salted dish, from salare, to salt, from L. sal, salt.] 1. A general name for certain vegetables prepared and served so as to be eaten raw. Salads are composed chiefly of lettuce, endive, radishes, green mustard, land and water cresses, celery, and young onions. They are usually dressed with eggs, salt, mustard, oil, vinegar, or spices.-2. A dish composed of some kind of meat, such as chicken or lobster, chopped and mixed with uncooked herbs, seasoned with some condiment; as, chicken salad; lobster salad. 3. In the United States, a lettuce. Bartlett-Salad cream, a prepared dressing for salads.-Salad days, green, unripe age; days of youthful inexperience.

salads.

Salad-oil (sal'ad-oil), n. Olive-oil, used in dressing salads and for other culinary purposes. A fruit about Salal-berry (salal-be-ri), n. the size of a common grape, of a dark colour and sweet flavour. It is the fruit of Gaultheria Shallon, a small shrubby plant growing in the valley of the Oregon, about 1foot high.

Salam (sa-läm'), n. Same as Salaam. Salamander (sal-a-man'dér), n. [Fr. salamandre, L. and Gr. salamandra, Skr. salamandala, salamander.] The popular name of a genus (Salamandra) of amphibian reptiles, order Urodela, very closely allied to the newts, differing from them chiefly in having a cylindrical instead of a compressed tail, and by bringing forth their young alive. The salamanders have an elongated lizard-like form (but differ from lizards in having gills in their early stages), four feet, and a long tail. The head is thick, the tongue broad, and the palatal teeth in two long series. The skin is warty, with many glands secreting a watery fluid, which the animal exudes when alarmed. As this fluid is injuri

759

ous to small animals the salamanders have the reputation of extreme venomousness, though they are in reality entirely harmless. The best known species is the S. vulgaris, the common salamander of the south of Europe.

Common Salamander (Salamandra vulgaris).

It is about 6 to 8 inches long, is found in moist places under stones or the roots of trees, near the borders of springs, in deep woods, &c., and passes its life in concealment except at night or during rain. It is sometimes called the Spotted Salamander (S. maculosa), from the bright yellow stripes on its sides. There are various other species in Europe, Asia, and America. In America the name is often given to the menopome (Menopoma alleganiense). Salamanders feed on worms, slugs, snails, and insects. According to a superstition once very prevalent, salamanders sought the hottest fire to breed in, quenching it with the extreme frigidity of their body. Pliny tells us he tried the experiment, and the creature was burned to powder. It is probable that the absurd belief is due to the moisture above referred to as exuding from the skin. The salamander of the middle ages was a being in human shape which lived always in fire; a kind of firespirit. By some the newts are regarded as salamanders, under the name of Water or Aquatic Salamanders.-2. A pouched rat (Geomys pinetis) found in Georgia and Florida.-3. A large iron poker; also, an iron plate used for cooking purposes. [Provincial.]-4. A piece of metal fixed in a suitable handle, and heated, formerly used on board ships for the purpose of firing guns. -Salamander's wool or salamander's hair, a name sometimes given to fibrous asbestos from its incombustibility.

Salamandra (sal-a-man'dra), n. A genus of amphibian vertebrates. See SALAMANDER. Salamandrida (sal-a-man'dri-dē), n. pl. A family of amphibians, comprehending the salamander.

Salamandrine (sal-a-man'drin), a. Pertaining to or resembling a salamander; enduring fire.

Laying it into a pan of burning coals, we observed a certain salamandrine quality, that made it capable of living in the midst of fire, without being consumed or singed. Spectator. Salamandroid (sal-a-man'droid), a. [Gr. salamandra, salamander, and eidos, form.] Resembling salamanders. Salamanquese (sä-lä-man'kez), a. Of or pertaining to Salamanca or its inhabitants. Salamanquese (sä-lä-man'kēz), n. sing. and pl. A native or inhabitant of Salamanca; in the pl. the people of Salamanca. Salamba (sa-lamba), n. A kind of fishing

apparatus used on the banks near Manilla, | fitted upon a raft composed of several tiers of bamboos. It consists of a rectangular

SALEP

net, two corners of which are attached to the upper extremities of two long bamboos tied crosswise, their lower extremities being fastened to a bar on the raft, which acts as a hinge; a movable pole, arranged with a counterpoise as a sort of crane, supports the bamboos at the point of junction, and thus enables the fishermen to raise or depress the net at pleasure. The lower extremities of the net are guided by a cord, which, being drawn towards the raft at the same time that the long bamboos are elevated by the crane and counterpoise, only a small portion of the net remains in the water, and is easily cleared of its contents by means of a landing-net. Salamstone (sa-läm'ston), n. A variety of sapphire, which consists of small transparent crystals, generally six-sided prisms of palereddish and bluish colours. It is brought from Ceylon.

Salary (sal'a-ri), n. [L. salarium, from sal, salt, originally salt-money, money given to buy salt, as part of the pay of Roman soldiers; hence, stipend, pay. ] The recompense or consideration stipulated to be paid to a person periodically for services, usually a fixed sum to be paid by the year, half-year, or quarter. When paid at shorter periods the recompense is usually called pay or wages; thus, a judge, governor, or teacher receives a salary; a labourer receives wages.

O, this is hire and salary, not revenge.

Shak.

Salary (sal'a-ri), v.t. pret. & pp. salaried; ppr. salarying. To pay a salary or stipend to; to attach a salary to; as, a salaried post. As long as public teachers are salaried and removeable by the people there is very little danger of their becoming tyrants by force. Barlow. Salary+ (sal'a-ri), a. Saline. Sir T. Browne. Sale (sal), n. [Icel. sal, sala, sale, bargain; this word stands in same relation to sell as tale to tell.] 1. The act of selling; the exchange of a commodity for an agreed on price in money paid or to be paid; a transfer of the absolute or general property in a thing for a price in money.-2. Opportunity of selling; demand; market; as, there is no sale for these goods at present.

The countrymen will be more industrious in tillage, and rearing of all husbandry commodities, knowing that they shall have a ready sale for them at those towns. Spenser.

3. Public sale to the highest bidder, or exposure of goods in a market or shop; auction.

Those that won the plate, and those thus sold ought to be marked, so that they may never return to the race or to the sale. Sir W. Temple.

-Sale by inch of candle, a sale or auction where persons are allowed to bid during the time that a small piece of candle takes in burning.-On sale, for sale, to be bought or sold; offered to purchasers.

Salet (sal), n. [A. Sax. sealh, seal, a sallow or willow.] A wicker basket; also, a basketlike net. Spenser.

Saleable (sal'a-bl), a. Capable of being sold; finding a ready market; in demand. Any saleable commodity. removed out of the course of trade.' Locke. Saleableness (sal'a-bl-nes), n. The state of being saleable.

The relative agreeableness, and therefore saleableness, of a pot of the smallest ale,' and of Adonis painted by a running brook,' depends virtually on the opinion of Demos, in the shape of Christopher Sly.

Ruskin.

Saleably (sal'a-bli), adv. In a saleable

Salep, Salop (sal'ep, sal'op), n. [Ar. sahleb, salep.] The dried tuberous roots of different species of orchis, especially O. mascula, im

SALERATUS

It is

ported from Persia and Asia Minor. Salep occurs in commerce in small oval balls of a whitish-yellow colour, at times semi-transparent, of a horny aspect, very hard, with a faint peculiar smell, and a taste like that of gum-tragacanth, but slightly saline. much valued in the East for its supposed general stimulant properties, and is also esteemed as a nutritious food well suited to children and convalescents. For use it is ground into a fine powder, and mixed with boiling water, sugar and milk being added according to taste. As a diet drink it used to be considered very nutritious and wholesome in this country, and was sold in London at stalls ready prepared, as coffee, its substitute, now is.

Saleratus (sal-e-ra'tus), n. [For sal aeratus, lit. aerated salt.] The prepared carbonate of soda and salt used for mixing with the flour in baking, to evolve the carbonic acid gas on the addition of water, and so make the bread light. Bret Harte. [United States.] Sale-room (sål'röm), n. A room in which goods are sold; specifically, an auction

room.

Salesman (sālz'man), n. One whose occupation is to sell goods or merchandise; specifically, a wholesale dealer, of whom there are various kinds in important commercial centres; as, a cattle, meat, butter, hide, hay, fish, or other salesman. Simmonds.-Dead salesman, a wholesale dealer in butchermeat; one who disposes of consignments of dead meat by auction or other modes of sale. Salewe, Salue,† v.t. [Fr. saluer.] To salute. Chaucer.

Salework (sal'wêrk), n. Work or things made for sale; hence, work carelessly done.

I see no more in you than in the ordinary of Nature's salework. Shak.

Salian (sá'li-an), a. Of or pertaining to a tribe of Franks who were settled on the Sala from the third to the middle of the fourth century.

Salian (sá'li-an), n. A member of a tribe of Franks. See the adjective.

Salian (sa'li-an), a. Of or pertaining to the Salii or priests of Mars in ancient Rome.Salian hymns, songs sung at an annual festival by the priests of Mars, in praise of that deity, other gods, and of distinguished men. The songs were accompanied by warlike dances, the clashing of ancilia (shields of a peculiar form), &c.

Saliant (sá'li-ant), a. In her, see SALIENT. Saliaunce, Saliance,† n. Assault or sally. Spenser

Salic (sal'ik), a. [Fr. salique.] A term applied to a law or code of laws belonging to the Salian Franks. One of the laws in this code excluded women from inheriting certain lands, probably because certain military duties were connected with the holding of those lands. In the fourteenth century females were excluded from the throne of France by the application of this law to the succession to the crown, and it is in this sense that the term salic law is commonly used.

Salicaceæ (sal-i-kā'sē-ē), n. pl. [L. salix, salicis, a willow.] A nat. order of apetalous exogens, distinguished by a two-valved capsule, and numerous seeds tufted with long hairs. The species are trees or shrubs, inhabiting woods in the northern districts of Europe, Asia, and America. Only two genera are included in the order, Salix or willow, and Populus or poplar.

Salicaceous (sal-i-ka'shus), a. Of or relating to the willow, or the order Salicaceæ. Salicetum (sal-i-sé'tum), n. [L, from salix, a willow.] A willow plantation. Salicin, Salicine (sal'i-sin), n. [L. salix, a willow.) (CH1807.) A bitter crystallizable substance extracted from willow barks and from that of the poplar. It possesses tonic properties analogous to those of quinine, and is a valuable stomachic bitter. Salicornia (sal-i-kor'ni-a), n. [From L. sal, salis, salt, and cornu, a horn.] A genus of plants, nat. order Chenopodiacere, the species of which are known by the common name of glasswort or saltwort, and well distinguished by their jointed stems. They are mostly weeds inhabiting moist salt districts on the coasts of the north of Europe, Africa, and America. S. herbacea and S. radicans are natives of Great Britain. S. herbacea, and many other species, yield a great quantity of soda. Salicylic (sal-i-sil'ik), a. [L. salix, a willow, and Gr. hyle, matter.] The name given to an acid (C-H ̧O) obtained from oil of win

760

tergreen and from other sources, as salicin. It crystallizes in tufts of slender prisms. It has come into very general use as an antiseptic substance; and being devoid of poisonous properties it may be employed for preserving foods, &c., from decay. Salience (sali-ens), n. The quality or condition of being salient; the quality or state of projecting or being projected; projection; protrusion.

The thickness and salience of the external frontal table remains apparent. Sir W. Hamilton. Salient (sä'li-ent), a. [L. saliens, ppr. of salio, to leap.] 1. Moving by leaps; leaping; bounding; jumping. Frogs and salient animals. Sir T. Browne.-2. Shooting up or out; springing; beating; throbbing. The salient spout.' Pope. A salient living spring of generous and manly action.' Burke.

Do beating hearts of salient springs Keep measure with thine own? Tennyson. 3. Having the apex turned towards the outside; projecting outwardly; as, a salient angle. 4. Forcing itself on the notice or attention; conspicuous; prominent.

He (Grenville) had neither salient traits nor comprehensiveness of mind. Bancroft.

5. In her. a term applied to a lion or other beast represented in a leaping posture, with his right fore-foot in the dexter point, and his left hinder foot in the sinister base of the escutcheon. Written also Saliant. Salient (să'li-ent), n. salient angle or part; a projection.

Α

A lion salient.

Saliently (sâ'li-ent-li), adv. In a salient manner. Saliferous (sa-lif'ér-us), a. [L. sal, salt, and fero, to produce. ] Producing or bearing salt; as, saliferous rock-Saliferous system, an old geological term for the new red sandstone system, so named from salt being a characteristic of this system.

Salifiable (sal'i-fi-a-bl), a. Capable of being salified or of combining with an acid to form a salt.

Salification (sal'i-fi-kä"shon), n. The act of salifying.

Salify (sal'i-fi), v. t. pret. & pp. salified; ppr. salifying. [L. sal, salt, and facio, to make.] To form into a salt by combining an acid with a base.

Saligot (sal'i-got), n. [Fr.] A plant, Trapa

natans.

Salimeter (sa-lim'et-êr), n. [L. sal, salis, salt, and Gr. metron, a measure.] An instrument for measuring the amount of salt present in any given solution.

Salina (sa-li'na), n. [Sp., from L. sal, salt.] 1. A salt marsh or salt pond inclosed from the sea-2. A place where salt is made from salt water; salt-works.

Salination (sal-i-na'shon), n. [See below.] The act of washing with or soaking in salt liquor.

The Egyptians might have been accustomed to wash the body with the same pickle they used in Greenhill.

salination.

Saline (sa-lin'), a. [Fr. salin, from L. sal, salt.] 1. Consisting of salt or constituting salt; as, saline particles; saline substances. 2. Partaking of the qualities of salt; as, a saline taste.

Saline (sa-lin'), n. [Fr. saline.

See adjective.] A salt spring, or a place where salt water is collected in the earth. Salineness (sa-lin'nes), n. State of being

saline.

Saliniferous (sal-i-nif'èr-us), a. Producing salt.

Saliniform (sa-lin'i-form), a. Having the

form of salt.

Salinity (sa-lin'i-ti), n. The state or quality of being saline or salt; salineness.

The salinity of the deep water of the Atlantic differs very little from that of its surface-water, being sometimes a little greater and sometimes a little less Dr. Carpenter. Salinometer (sal-i-nom'et-ér), n. [Saline, and Gr. metron, measure.] An apparatus for indicating the density of brine in the boilers of marine steam-engines, and thus showing when they should be cleansed by blowing off the deposit left by the salt water, which tends to injure the boilers as well as to diminish their evaporating power. Salino-terrene (sa-lin'ō-ter-ren"), a. [L. sal, salt, and terrenus, from terra, earth.] Pertaining to or composed of salt and earth. Salinous (sa-lin'us), a. Same as Saline. Sir T. Browne.

Salique (sal'ik or sa-lēk'), a. Salic. Ful

SALLET

mined out her scorn of laws salique.' Tennyson. See SALIC. Salisburia (sal-is-bū'ri-a), n. [In honour of Richard Anthony Salisbury, a distinguished English botanist. ] A genus of plants, nat. order Taxaceae, the yew tribe. S. adiantifolia, a Japanese species (called ginkgo or gingo in Japan), is commonly cultivated, and is remarkable on account of its peculiar leaves resembling those of the fern called maiden-hair. The fruit is as large as a damson, and is resinous and astringent The kernels are used in Japan to promote digestion.

Salitet (sal'it), v. t. pret. & pp. salited; ppr saliting. [L. salio, from sal, salt] To salt, to impregnate or season with salt. Saliva (sa-li'va), n. [L., akin to Gr. sialon, saliva. Comp. Gael. and Ir. seile, saliva, silim, to drop, to distil, to spit.] The fluid which is secreted by the salivary glands, and which serves to moisten the mouth and tongue. The principal use of saliva is that of converting the starchy elements of the food into grape-sugar and dextrine. When discharged from the mouth it is called spittle. Saliva contains about 5 or 6 parts of solid matter to 995 or 994 of water, the chief ingredients being an organic matter named ptyalin and sulphocyanide of potassium. In its normal state its reaction is alkaline, but the degree of alkalinity varies, being greatest after meals. The parotid salica is limpid, and serves to moisten the food in the process of mastication; the sub-maxillary and sublingual saliva is viscid, and is essential to deglutition and gustation.

Salival (sa-li'val), a. Same as Salivary. Salivant (sal'i-vant), a. [L. salivans." See SALIVATE.] Exciting salivation. Salivant (sal'i-vant), . That which produces salivation.

Salivary (sal'i-va-ri), a. [L. salivarius.] Pertaining to saliva; secreting or conveying saliva; as, salivary glands; salivary ducts or canals.

Such animals as swallow their aliment without chee Arbuthra. ing want salivary glands. Salivate (sal'i-vât), v. t. pret. & pp. salivated; ppr. salivating. [L. salivo, salivare, to spit forth, to salivate. See SALIVA.] To purge by the salivary glands; to produce an unusual secretion and discharge of saliva in, usually by mercury; to produce ptyalism in. Salivation (sal-i-va"shon), n. An abnormally abundant flow of saliva; the act or process of producing an excessive secretion of saliva, generally by means of mercury; ptyalism. Salivous (sa-li'vus), a [L. salivorus] Pertaining to saliva: partaking of the nature of saliva. 'Salivous humour. Wiseman. Salix (sa'liks), n. [L., a willow.] A genus of plants of the nat. order Salicace It consists of numerous species, all either trees or shrubs, occurring abundantly in all the cooler parts of the northern hemisphere It comprehends the plants called osiers. sallows, and willows, and is of great econo mical value, not only for the purposes of the basketmaker, but because several species have a bark which contains a great quantity of tannin. British botanists are not agreed as to the number of species into which the native willows should be distri buted, for while Bentham reckons only fifteen, Babington extends the list to fiftyeight. See WILLOW. Sallee-man (sa-le'man), n. A cœlenterate animal of the genus Velella (which see) Sallenders (sal'en-dérz),n. See SELLANDERS Sallet, Salade (sal'let, sal'ad), n

a

Sallets.

[Fr.

a. German Sallet, with fixed vizor fifteenth cent

8. English Sallet, with movable vizor (rea of Hear VI.) c, d, Sailet of the archers of sixteenth centu profile and front views.

lade, It. celata, from L calata (cassis hel met understood), engraved, chiselled, from