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PUSANE

Pusane (pisăn), n. In anc. armour, the gorget, or a substitute for it. Fairholt. Puseyism (pû'zi-izm), n. The name given collectively to certain doctrines promulgated by Dr. Pusey, an eminent clergyman of the Church of England, in conjunction with other divines of Oxford, in a series of pamphlets, entitled 'Tracts for the Times.' See TRACTARIANISM.

Puseyistic, Puseyistical (pu-zi-ist ́ik, pūzi-ist'ik-al), a. Of or pertaining to Puseyism or Tractarianism (which see). Puseyite (puʼzi-īt), n. A person adhering to the opinions or doctrines specially maintained by Dr. Pusey and his coadjutors; a Tractarian.

Push (push), v.t. [O.E. pusse, from Fr. pousser, O.Fr. poulser, from L. pulso, to beat, a freq. from pello, pulsum, to beat, to drive, whence expel, and other verbs in -pel, pulse, pulsate.] 1. To press against with force; to drive or impel by pressure; or to endeavour to drive by steady pressure, without striking: opposed to draw. Push him out of doors.' Shak. 'Sidelong had pushed a mountain from his seat.' Milton.-2. To butt; to strike with the head or horns. If the ox shall push a man-servant or maid-servant... the ox shall be stoned. Ex. xxi. 32.

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Both sides resolved to push, we tried our strength. Dryden. 3. To make an attack.

At the time of the end shall the king of the south push at him. Dan. xi. 40.

4. To burst out, as a bud or shoot.-5. To press one's self onward or forward; to force one's way, as in society or business.

A woman cannot push at the bar, or in the church, or in business. Sat. Rev.

-To push on, to drive or urge one's course forward; to hasten.

The rider pushed on at a rapid pace. Sir W. Scott. Push (push), n. 1. The act of pushing or pressing against; a short pressure or force applied; a thrust, calculated either to overturn something or set it in motion. "To give it the first push.' Addison.-2. An assault or attack; a forcible onset; a vigorous effort. Exact reformation is not to be expected at the first push. Milton.

One vigorous push, one general assault will force the enemy to cry out for quarter. Addison.

3. An emergency; a trial; an extremity. 'Tis common to talk of dying for a friend, but when it comes to the push, it is no more than talk.

Sir R. L'Estrange. 4. Persevering energy; the quality which enables one to force himself onward or forward; enterprise; as, he has plenty of push; he failed from want of push. [Colloq.) 5. A pustule; a pimple. Bacon. [Obsolete and provincial English. J-Push of an arch. See Thrust of an Arch under THRUST. Pusher (push'ér), n. One who pushes; one who drives forward.

Pushing (push'ing), a. Pressing forward in business; enterprising; energetic; vigorous. There are three periods in the career of a pushing Sat. Rev.

woman.

Pushingly (push'ing-li), adv. In a pushing, vigorous, energetic manner.

Pushpin (push'pin), n. A child's play in which pins are pushed alternately; putpin. Pushto, Pushtoo (push'to, push'to), n. The language of the Afghans.

Captain Raverty considers that although on num. erous points the Pushto bears a great similarity to the Semitic and Iranian languages, it is totally different in construction, and in idiom also, from any of the Indu-Sanscrit dialects. Cyc. of India. Pusilt (pu'sil), a. [L. pusillus, very little.] Very little. Bacon.

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Pusillanimous (pū-sil-lan'im-us), a. [Fr. pusillanime; LL. pusillanimis-pusillus, very little, from pusus, little, same root as puer, a boy, and animus, the mind. See PUERILE and ANIMATE.] 1. Destitute of strength and firmness of mind; wanting in courage, bravery, and fortitude; being of weak courage; mean-spirited; faint-hearted; cowardly: applied to persons.

He became pusillanimous, and was easily ruffled with every little passion within. Woodward.

2. Proceeding from weakness of mind or want of courage; timid. Fearful and pu sillanimous counsels.' Bacon.-SYN. Cowardly, dastardly, mean-spirited, faint-hearted, timid, weak, feeble. Pusillanimously (pu-sil-lan'im-us-li), adv. In a pusillanimous manner; mean-spiritedly; with want of courage.

Pusillanimousness (pu-sil-lan'im-us-nes), n. The state or quality of being pusillanimous; pusillanimity.

Puss (pus), n. [A widely spread name for the cat. D. poes, L.G. puus, Gael. and Ir. pus. Wedgwood thinks that it is imitative of the spitting of a cat. The hare is so called from resembling a cat.] 1. The fondling name of a cat.-2. A hare.

Thou shalt not give puss a hint to steal away-we must catch her in her form. Sir W. Scott,

3. A sort of pet name sometimes applied to a child or young woman. Puss-moth (pus'moth), n. Cerura vinula, a handsome, large-bodied British moth, which is best known by its beautiful cocoon. The mouth of this habitation is guarded by stiff hairs, which converge to a point, so as to allow the inclosed moth to escape, but to prevent any other creature from gaining admission.

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Pustulate (pus't-lat), v.t. pret. & pp. pustulated; ppr. pustulating. [L. pustulatus. See PUSTULE] To form into pustules or blisters. The blains pustulated to afflict his body. Stackhouse. Pustulate (pus'tú-lat), a. In bot. covered with glandular excrescences like pustules. Pustulation (pus-tu-la'shon), n. The formation or breaking out of pustules. Dunglison.

Pustule (pus'tül), n. [Fr. pustule; L. pustula, a form of pusula, a blister or pimple.] 1. In med. an elevation of the cuticle, with an inflamed base, containing pus. Dunglison.-2. In bot. a pimple or little blister.Malignant pustule, a pustule resulting from blood poisoning.

Pustulopora (pus-tu-lop'o-ra), n. [L. pustula, a blister, and porus, a passage or channel. In geol. a common tubular branched Pustulous (pus'tu-lus), a. polyzoon of the chalk formation. [L. pustulosus.] Full of or covered with pustules. Put (put), v.t, pret. & pp. put; ppr. putting. [Of Celtic origin: W. putio, Armor. pouta, Gael. put, to poke or thrust.] 1. To place, set, lay, deposit, bring, or cause to be in any position, place, or situation.

You put sharp weapons in a madman's hands.

Shak.

And the Lord God planted a garden eastwards in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed. Gen. ii. 8.

2. To bring to, or place in any state or condition; as, to put to shame; to put to silence; to put to death.

Put me in a surety with thee. Job xvii. 3. But as we were allowed of God to be put in trust with the gospel, even so we speak. 1 Thes. ii. 4. This question asked

Puts me in doubt.

Milton.

3. To apply, as in any effort, exercise, or

PUT

The great difference in the notions of mankind is from the different use they put their faculties to. Locke

4. To oblige; to force; to constrain; to push to action.

Thank him who puts me loth to this revenge. Milton We are put to prove things which can hardly be made plainer. Tillotson. 5. To incite; to entice; to urge.

These wretches put us upon all mischief, to feed their lusts and extravagances.

Stift

6. To set before one for consideration, deliberation, judgment, acceptance, or rejection; to propose; to offer; as, to put a case; to put a question.

The question originally put and disputed in pub lic schools was, whether under any pretext whatsever, it may be lawful to resist the supreme magis Sanft

trate.

7. To state or express in language; to utter. These verses, originally Greek, were put in Latin

Miltan

8. To lay down; to give up; to surrender. No man hath more love than this, that a man his life for his friends.

9. To cast or throw, as a heavy stone, with an upward and forward motion of the arm [Scotch.]-10. To push with the head or horns; to butt; to push or thrust generally. [Scotch.] [In these two senses pronounced put.]-To put about, (a) naut to change the course of. (b) To put to inconvenience; as, he was much put about by that occurrence. To put an end to, to stop; to bring to a conclusion.

This war was put an end to by the intervention of England and Prussia, Brenham,

-To put away, (a) to renounce; to discard; to expel.

Put away the strange gods which your fathers Josh. xxiv. 1

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(d) To refuse; to say nay to. Coming from thee, I could not put him back. Shak To put by, (a) to turn away; to divert 'Smiling put the question by.' Tennyson The design of the evil one is to put thee fy from thy spiritual employment. For. Taviss. A fright hath put by an ague fit. Grew. (b) To thrust aside.

Caley.

Just God put by th' unnatural blow. (c) To place in safe keeping; to save or store up; as, to put by something for a rainy day.

To put down, (a) to repress; to crush; as, to put down a party. (b) To degrade; to deprive of authority, power, or place. (c) To bring into disuse.

Sugar hath put down the use of honey. Bacen. (d) To confute; to silence.

Mark now how a plain tale shall put you dran Shat (e) To write; to subscribe; as, to put one's name down for a handsome sum--To put forth, (a) to propose; to offer to notice. Samson said, I will now put forth a riddle to yo. Judg xv. 12 (b) To stretch out; to reach. He put forth his hand, and took her. Gen. või a (c) To shoot out; to send out, as a sprout They yearly put forth new leaves. (d) To exert; to bring into action.

Bacon

In honouring God, put forth all thy strength. For. Taylor. (e) To publish, as a book.-To put in, (a) to introduce among others; to interpose.

Give me leave to put in a word to tell you, that I am glad you allow us different degrees of worth, Jeremy Colter (b) To insert; as, to put in a passage or clause; to put in a scion. (e) To conduct into a harbour.—To put in mind, to remind, to call to remembrance.

His highness put him in mind of the promise be had made the day before. Clarendon -To put in practice, to apply; to make se of; to exercise.

Neither gods nor man will give consent, To put in practice your unjust intent. Dryden -To put in the pin, to give over; to cease continuing a certain line of conduct, espe cially bad conduct. [Vulgar or colloq.] He had two or three times resolved to better himself and to put in the pin. Məyir.

use.

PUT

-To put off, (a) to take from one's person; to lay aside.

None of us put off our clothes.

Neh. iv. 23. Ye shall die perhaps, by putting off Human, to put on gods. Milton.

(b) To turn aside from a purpose or demand; to defeat or delay by artifice.

Do men in good earnest think that God will be put eff so or that the law of God will be baffled with a he clothed in a scoff? South.

(e) To delay; to defer; to postpone; to pro-
crastinate.

Let not the work of to-day be put off till to-morrow.
Sir R. L'Estrange.
(d) To pass fallaciously; to cause to be cir-
culated or received; as, to put off a counter-
feit coin or note; to put of some plausible
reports or ingenious theory. Swift. (e) To
discard; to dismiss.

The clothiers all put off

The spinsters, carders, fullers, weavers. Shak. (f) To push from land; as, to put off the boat-To put on or upon, (a) to invest with, as clothes or covering. Bread to eat, and raiment to put on. Gen. xxviii. 20. (b) To impute; to charge with; as, to put the blame on another. (c) To assume; as, to put on a grave countenance; to put on a counterfeit appearance.

Mercury. ... put on the shape of a man. Sir R. L'Estrange. -To put on airs, to assume airs of importance. (d)t To forward; to promote. This came handsomely to put on the peace. Bacon. (e) To impose; to inflict.

That which thou puttest on me, I will bear. 2 Ki. xviii. 14. (f) To turn or let on; to bring into action or use; as, to put on water or steam; to put more men on a job. (g) In law, to rest on; to submit to; to challenge the verdict of; as, the defendant puts himself upon the country, that is, will plead not guilty and go to trial. (h) To instigate; to incite.

You protect this course, and put it on
By your allowance.

(1) To deceive; to cheat; to trick.

Shak.

The stork found he was put upon, but set a good face, however, upon his entertainment. Sir R. L'Estrange. -To put out, (a) to eject; to drive out; to expel; as, to put out an intruder. (b) To place at interest; to lend at usury.

He called his money in,

But the prevailing love of pelf Soon split him on the former shelf;

He put it out again.

Dryden.

(e) To extinguish; as, to put out a candle, lamp, or fire.

Put out the light, and then put out the light. Shak. (d) To shoot forth, as a bud or sprout; as, to put out leaves. (e) To extend; to reach out; to protrude.

It came to pass, when she travailed, that the one put out his hand. Gen. xxxviii. 28. (f) To publish; to make public; as, to put out a pamphlet.

They were putting out curious stamps of the sev eral edifices most famous for their beauty. Addison.

(g) To confuse; to disconcert; to interrupt; as, to put one out in reading or speaking. (h) To dislocate; as, put out one's ankle.To put over, (a) to place in authority over. (b) To refer; to send.

For the certain knowledge of that truth,

I put you o'er to heaven and to my mother. Shak. (e) To defer; to postpone; as, the court put over the cause to the next term.-To put to (or unto), (a) to add; to unite.

Whatsoever God doeth, it shall be for ever; nothing can be put to it, nor any thing taken from it. Eccl. iii. 14. "When our uni

(b) To refer to; to expose. versal state was put to hazard.' Dryden. Having lost two of their bravest commanders at sea, they durst not put it to a battle at sea. Bacon. (e) To kill by; to punish by; to distress by. Such as were taken on either side were put to the sword or to the halter. Clarendon.

They put him to the cudgel fiercely. Hudibras. -To put to it, to distress; to press hard; to perplex; to give difficulty to.

Shak.

O gentle lady, do not put me to 't. I shall be hard put to it to bring myself off.

Addison.

-To put the hand to (or unto), (a) to apply;
to take hold; to begin; to undertake.
Ye shall rejoice in all that you put your hand unto.
Deut. xii. 7.

(b) To take or seize as in theft; to steal.

If the thief be not found, then the master of the house shall be brought unto the judges, to see whe ther he have put his hand unto his neighbour's goods.

Ex. xxii. 8.

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-To put to a stand, to stop; to arrest by obstacles or difficulties.-To put to rights, to arrange in an orderly condition; to bring into its normal state; to set in proper order. 'Putting things to rights-an occupation he performed with exemplary care once a week. Ld. Lytton.-To put this and that together, or to put two and two together, to draw a conclusion from certain circumstances; to think of two related facts and form an opinion thereon; to infer from given premises.

Putting this and that together-combining under the head this' present appearances... and ranging under the head 'that the visit to his sister, the watch reported to Miss Peecher his strong suspi cions. Dickens.

-To put to trial or on trial, (a) to bring before a court and jury for examination and decision. (b) To bring to a test; to try.To put together, to unite; to place in juxtaposition or combination.-To put up, (a)t to pass unavenged; to overlook; not to punish

or resent.

How many assaults does he put up at our hands, because his love is invincible? South.

Such national injuries are not to be put up, but when the offender is below resentment. Addison. The present form of expression is, to put up with. (b) To send forth or shoot up, as plants.

Hartshorn... mixed with dung and watered putteth up mushrooms. Bacon.

(c) To expose; to offer publicly; as, to put up goods to sale at auction. (d) To start from a cover; as, to put up a hare. Addison. (e) To hoard.

Himself never put up any of the rent. Spelman. (f) To pack; to store up, as for preservation; as, to put up beef or pork in casks. (g) To hide or lay aside; to place out of sight or away.

Why so earnestly seek you to put up that letter? Shak. (h) To put into its ordinary place when not in use, as a sword in its scabbard, a purse in the pocket. Put thy sword up.' Shak. 'Put up thy gold.' Shak. We may put up our pipes.' Shak. () To give entertainment to; to accommodate with lodging; as, I can put you up for a night.

I'se warrant ye'll be weel put up; for they never turn awa' naebody frae the door. Sir W. Scott. -To put up to, to give information respecting; to make acquainted with; to explain; to teach; as, he put me up to a thing or two; we were put up to the trick or dodge. [Slang.]-Put case, an old elliptical phrase signifying, suppose the case to be.

When an indulgence is given, put case to abide forty days on certain conditions; whether these forty days are to be taken collectively or distributively. Fer. Taylor.

Put (put), v.i. 1. To go or move.

The sap delighteth more in the earth, and therefore putteth downward. Bacon.

2. To steer; to direct the course of a vessel.

land.

His fury thus appeased, he puts to Dryden. -To put forth, (a) to shoot; to bud; to germinate.

Take earth from under walls where nettles put forth. Bacon.

(b) To leave a port or haven. They have put forth the haven.' Shak.-To put in, (a) to enter a harbour; to sail into port. The ship put in at Samos.' Pope. (b) To offer a claim.To put in for, to put in a claim for; to offer one's self; to stand as a candidate for.

Many most unfit persons are now putting in for that place. Bp. Usher. -To put off, to leave land. Let me cut the cable, And when we are put off, fall to their throats. Shak.

-To put on, to hasten motion; to drive vehemently. To put over, to sail over or across. -To put to sea, to set sail; to begin a voyage; to advance into the ocean. Not put

to sea, but safe on shore abide.' Dryden.To put up, (a) to take lodgings; to lodge; as, we put up at the Golden Ball. (b) To offer one's self as a candidate.

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PUTLOG

without recompense, punishment, or resentment; to pocket; to swallow; as, to put up with an injury or affront. (b) To take without opposition or dissatisfaction; to endure with or without murmuring or grumbling; to tolerate; as, to put up with bad fare. Put (put), n. 1. A forced action to avoid something; an action of distress.

The stag's was a forced put, and a chance rather than a choice. Sir R. L'Estrange.

2. A game at cards, played generally by two people, but sometimes by three, and often four. The whole pack is played with, but only three cards are dealt out at a time. Whoever gains all the tricks, or two out of three, counts five points, which are game. Put (put), n. [Scotch.] 1. The act of throwing a stone above-hand; a thrust; a push. 2. In golf, a short careful stroke with the Put, Putt (put), n. [W. put, a short thick view of driving the ball into the hole. person.] A rustic; a clown; a silly fellow; a simpleton; an oddity. Thackeray. Put (put), n. [0. Fr. pute, putain, a strumpet.] A strumpet; a prostitute. Putage (pu'taj), n. [See PUT, a prostitute.] In law, prostitution or fornication on the part of a female.

If any heir female under guardianship were guilty of putage, she forfeited her part to her coheirs. Facob. Putamen (pu-ta'men), n. [L., a shell.] In bot. the inner coat or shell, or stone of a fruit: commonly called the endocarp. Putanism (pu'tan-izm), n. [0. Fr. putanisme. See PUT, a strumpet.] Customary lewdness or prostitution of a female. Bailey. Putative (pu'ta-tiv), a. [Fr. putatif, L. putativus, from L. puto, to suppose (whence compute).] Supposed; reputed; commonly thought or deemed; as, the putative father of a child.

Thus things indifferent, being esteemed useful or pious, became customary, and then came for reverence into a putative and usurped authority.

Fer. Taylor.

Putchock, Putchuk (put-chok', put-chuk),
n. A fragrant root used in China for burn-
ing as incense. It is produced by a species
of Aristolochia (A. recurvilabra), a native of
Ningpo and other parts of China.
Puteal (pu'te-al), n. [L. puteal, from puteus,
a well.] An inclosure surrounding a well to
prevent persons falling into it; a well-curb.
There is a round one in the British Museum,
made of marble, which was found among
the ruins of Tiberius' villas in Capreæ.
Around the edge at the top may be seen the
marks of the ropes used in drawing up
Puteli (put'e-li), n.
water from the well.
A broad flat-bottomed
boat, used for transporting the products of
Upper Bengal down the Ganges. It is from
40 to 65 feet long, lightly made, and capable

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of conveying a heavy cargo. The puteli is
surmounted by a large flat-topped shed,
nearly as long as the boat, and carries a
single large square sail.
Puterie, tn. [Fr.] Harlotry; whoredom.
Chaucer.

Putid (pu'tid), a. [L. putidus, from puteo,
to have an ill smell; root pu, whence putrid,
pus.] 1. Mean; low; worthless. Putid
fables and ridiculous fictions.' Jer. Taylor.
2. Foul; dirty; disgusting.
Putidity, Putidness (pü-tid'i-ti, pu'tid-
nes), n. Meanness; vileness.
Putlog (put log), n. In carp. one of a num-
ber of short pieces of timber used in build-

PUTLOG-HOLE

ing to carry the floor of a scaffold. They are placed at right angles to the wall, one end resting on the ledgers of the scaffold, and

a, Putlog. bb, Putlog-holes. c, Ledger.

the other in holes left in the wall, called putlog-holes.

Putlog-hole (put'log-hōl), n. One of a series of small holes left in a wall to admit the ends of the putlogs. See PUTLOG. Put-off (put-of'), n. An excuse; a shift for evasion or delay.

The fox's put-off is instructive towards the government of our lives, providing his fooling be made our earnest. Sir R. L'Estrange.

Putoo (put'o), n. A dish made from flour or meal from the germinal shoots of the palmyra-nut, scraped coco-nut, and jackfruit, much esteemed by the Singhalese. Putorius (pu-to'ri-us), n. [L. putor, a stench, from puteo, to stink.] A genus of carnivorous mammals, nearly allied to the martens. The polecat is P. fœtidus, the weasel P. vulgaris, the stoat or ermine P. herminea. This genus is more commonly known as Mustela (which see).

Putour,tn. [From put, a whore.] A whoremaster. Chaucer. Put-pin (put'pin), n.

The childish game more commonly called Push-pin. 'Playing at put-pin, doting on some glasse.' Mar

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A putredinous ferment coagulates all humours, as milk with rennet is turned. Floyer.

Putrefaction (pū-tre-fak’shon), n. [See PUTREFY.] 1. The act or process of putrefying; the decomposition of animal and vegetable substances, attended by the evolution of fætid gases. By this process such substances are reduced either to much more simple compounds, or to their original separate elements. The putrefaction, or putrefactive fermentation of animal substances, is usually attended by more fœtid and noxious exhalations than those arising from vegetable products, arising chiefly from the more abundant presence of nitrogen in the former. The formation of ammonia, or of ammoniacal compounds, is a characteristic of most cases of animal putrefaction, while other combinations of hydrogen are also formed, especially carburetted hydrogen, together with complicated and often highly infectious vapours or gases, in which sulphur and phosphorus are frequently discerned. These putrefactive effluvia are for the most part easily decomposed or rendered innocuous by the agency of chlorine: hence the importance of that substance as a powerful and rapidly acting disinfectant. The rapidity of putrefaction and the nature of its products are to a great extent influenced by temperature, moisture, and access of air. A temperature between 60° and 80°, a due degree of humidity and free access of air, are the circumstances under which it proceeds most rapidly. Hence the abstraction of the air and moisture, or the influence of cold, salt, sugar, spices, &c., will counteract the process of putrefaction by keeping away or preventing the development of the germs floating in the air which seem the most efficient agents of decomposition. See FERMENTATION, GERM THEORY.-2. That which is putrefied. Putrefactive (pū-trē-fak'tiv), a. 1. Pertaining to putrefaction; as, the putrefactive smell or process, or the putrefactive fermentation.

If the bone be corrupted, the putrefactive smell

will discover it.

Wiseman.

2. Tending to promote putrefaction; causing putrefaction.

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Putrefactiveness (pu-trē-fak'tiv-nes), n. State of being putrefactive. Putrefy (pü'tre-fi), v. t. pret. & pp. putrefied; ppr. putrefying. [Fr. putrefier, L putrefacio-putris, putrid, and facio, to make. See PUTRID.] 1. To render putrid; to cause to decay with an offensive odour; to cause to rot. See PUTREFACTION.-2. To make carious or gangrenous.

A wound was so putrefied as to endanger the bone. Sir W. Temple.

3. To corrupt; to make foul. [Rare.] They would but stink and putrefy the air. Shak. Putrefy (pu'tre-fi), v.i. To become putrid; to decay with a foetid smell; to rot. 'Wounds and bruises, and putrefying sores.' Is. i. 6. See PUTREFACTION.

Watery substances are more apt to putrefy than oily. Bacon.

The state of being putrescent or of decomposing, as in an animal or vegetable substance; a putrid

Putrescence (pu-tres'ens), n.

state. Sir T. Browne.

Putrescent (pu-tres'ent), a. [From L putrescens, ppr. of putresco, to rot. See PuTRID.] 1. Becoming putrid; growing rotten; as, putrescent flesh.-2. Pertaining to the process of putrefaction; as, a putrescent smell.

Putrescible (pū-tres'si-bl), a. Capable of being putrefied; liable to become putrid; Putrid (pu'trid), a. [Fr. putride, L. putrias, putrescible substances. dus, from putris, rotten, putreo, to rot, decay, from puteo, to stink (whence also putid), from a root pu, seen also in L. pus, Gr. pyon, matter; Ir. putar, stinking; Skr. puy, to rot; the same root producing also E. foul.] 1. In a state of decay or putrefaction; exhibiting putrefaction: said of animal and vegetable bodies; corrupt; rotten; as, putrid flesh.

The wine to putrid blood converted flows. Waller. 2. Indicating a state of putrefaction; proceeding from putrefaction or pertaining to it; as, a putrid scent.-Putrid fever, typhus or spotted fever. - Putrid sore throat, a gangrenous inflammation of the throat, pharynx, &c.

Putridity (pu-trid′i-ti), n. The state of being putrid; corruption; rottenness; that which is putrid.

A hundred and thirty corps of men, nay of women, and even of children... lie heaped in that glacière; putrid under putridities. Carlyle. Same as PuPutridness (pu'trid-nes), n. tridity. "The putridness of the meat.' Floyer. Putriйcation (pû'tri-fi-kä'shon), n. faction.

Putre

Putry+ (pu'tri), a. Rotten. Marston.
Putt (put), n. A clown; an odd person; a put.
Putter (put'èr), n. 1. One who puts or places.

2. One who pushes the small wagons in a coal-mine and the like.-3. (put'èr). One of the clubs used in playing golf. It is that used for making short strokes with the object of holding the ball. Putter-on (put-êr-on'), n. An inciter or instigator.

You are abused, and by some putter-on
That will be damned for't.

Shak.

One who forPutter-out (pyt'èr-out), n. merly deposited money on going abroad, on condition of receiving a very much larger sum on his return, the money being forfeited in case of his non-return. This mode of gambling was practised in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I. On dangerous expeditions the money received was sometimes as much as five pounds for every pound deposited.

Or that there were such men Whose heads stood in their breasts? which now we find Each putter-out on five for one, will bring us Shak. Good warrant of.

Putting-stone (put'ing-stōn), n. In Scotland, a heavy stone to be thrown with the hand, raised and thrust forward from the shoulder: chiefly used in gymnastic exercises or athletic sports.

Puttock (put'tok), n. [According to Skeat from pout, poult, and hawk, the chicken hawk.] 1. The common kite; the glead or gled.

Who finds the partridge in the puttock's nest
But may imagine how the bird was dead
Although the kite soar with unbloodied beak?
Shak

2. The common buzzard (Buteo vulgaris). [Provincial.]

Puttock-shrouds (put'tok-shroudz), n. pl. Probably a mistake for Futtock-shrouds. Smollett. See FUTTOCK.

PUZZOLANA

In

Putty (put'ti), n. [Fr. potée, calcined tin, brass, &c., putty powder, from pot, a pot, because putty powder was made of old pots! 1. A powder of calcined tin, used in polishing glass and steel.-2. A kind of paste or cement compounded of whiting or soft carbonate of lime and linseed-oil, beaten or kneaded to the consistence of dough. this state it is used by glaziers for fixing in the squares of glass in window frames, &c., and also by house-painters to stop up holes and cavities in wood work before painting 3. A very fine cement, used by plasterers and stone masons, made of lime only. 4. The mixture of ground materials in which in potteries earthenware is dipped for glaz ing.-5. The mixture of clay and horse-dung used in making moulds in foundries Putty (put'ti), v.t. pret. & pp. puttied; ppr. puttying. To cement with putty; to fill up with putty.

Putty-eye (put'ti-i), n. A name given by pigeon-fanciers to the eyes of pigeons which have a thick orbit of a fleshy character Putty-faced (put'ti-fast), a. Having a face resembling the pastiness or colour of putty Putty-knife (put'ti-nif), n. A knife with a blunt, flexible, lanceolate blade used by glaziers for laying on putty. Putty-powder (put'ti-pou-dér), n. A pul

verized oxide of tin sometimes mixed with oxide of lead. It is extensively used for polishing and other purposes in glass and marble works; the best kinds are used for polishing plate. Weale.

Putty-root (put'ti-röt), n. Aplectrum hy male, a low plant common in the United States, having a globular corm filled with a glutinous starch, whence the name. Puture (pü'tür), n. [Also written pulture, L.L. pultura, from L. puls, pultis, pottage] A custom claimed by keepers in forests, and sometimes by bailiffs of hundreds, to take man's-meat, horse-meat, and dog's-mest from the tenants and inhabitants within the perambulation of the forest, hundred, &c Putwary (put'wa-ri), n. A register. [India] Puzzelt (puz'zel), n. [Perhaps a corruption of Fr. pucelle, a maid, or from the It. puz zolente, filthy.] A dirty drab. Shak Puzzle (puzl), v.t. pret. & pp. puzzled; ppr. puzzling. [Freq. from pose, or as Skeat thinks for opposal, old opposaile, which meant often a question.] 1. To perplex; to embarrass; to put to a stand; to gravel.

A shrewd disputant in those points, is dexterous in puzzling others. Dr. H. More He is perpetually puzzled and perplexed amidst his own blunders.

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2. To make intricate; to entangle. The puzzled skein.' Cowper.

The ways of heaven are dark and intricate,
Puzzled in mazes and perplex'd with error.
Addiem

3. With out, to discover or resolve by long cogitation; to make out by mental labour; to cogitate.

He endeavoured to puzzle its principle ear for him self. Gladste

-Embarrass, Puzzle, Perplex. See EMBAR RASS. SYN. To pose, nonplus, embarrass gravel, bewilder, confuse, perplex. Puzzle (puz'l), v.i. pret puzzled; ppr. prz2ling. To be bewildered; to be awkward.

And now,' he cried, 'I shall be pleased to get Beyond the Bible-there I puzzle yet."

Craile

Puzzle (puz'l), n. Perplexity; embarrase ment; a kind of riddle; a toy or contrivance which puzzles, or tries the ingenuity. Puzzle-headed (puz'l-hed-ed), a Having the head full of confused notions.

He (Maittaire) seems to have been a puzzle hendral man, with a large share of scholarship, but with li geometry or logick in his head, without method, and possessed of little genius. Fohnam Puzzlement (puz'l-ment), n. The state of being puzzled; bewilderment. • With a pretty look of puzzlement and doubt.' Lari Lytton.

Puzzle-monkey (puz'l-mung-ki), n. A pap ular name of the Araucaria imbricata. Se ARAUCARIA.

Puzzler (puz'l-ér), n. One who or that which puzzles or confuses. 'Hebrew, the general puzzler of old heads.' Brome. Puzzling (puz'ling), p. and a. 1. Perplex ing; embarrassing; bewildering -2 Evi dencing bewilderment or perplexity; easily bewildered or perplexed.

The servant is a puzzling fool, that heeds nothing Sir R. L'Estrange Puzzolana, Puzzuolana (puzʻzō-lä-us, puz'zü-ō-lä"na). Same as Pozzolana.

PUZZOLITE

Puzzolite (puzʼzo-lit), n. Same as Puzzolana.

Pyæmia (pi-e'mi-a), n. [Gr. pyon, pus, and haima, blood.] In pathol. blood-poisoning, a dangerous disease resulting from the introduction of decaying animal matter, pus, or other unhealthy secretion into the system. Such matter may be introduced through an ulcer, wound, an imperfectly closed vein, or mucous membrane, as that of the nose. This disease is common after severe operations in crowded hospitals, whose atmosphere is loaded with purulent or contaminated matter.

Pyat (pi'at), n. [From pie, a magpie.] A magpie. Jamieson. [Scotch.] Pycnidium (pik-nid'i-um), n. pl. Pycnidia (pik-nid'i-a). [Gr. pyknos, thick, dense.] The name given to a second kind of fruit in many species of Sphæria and allied genera of fungi, resembling in some measure the perithecia, but, instead of producing asci, generating naked spores. Treas. of Bot. Pycnite (pik'nit), n. [Gr. pyknos, compact.] A mineral, the schorlite of Kirwan, or schorlous topaz of Jameson. It usually appears in long irregular prisms or cylinders, longitudinally striated, and united in bundles. Pycnodont (pik'no-dont), n. A fossil fish of the family Pycnodontidæ.

Pycnodontidae (pik-no-don'ti-dē), n.pl. [Gr. pyenos, thick, and odous, odontos, a tooth.] An extensive family of extinct fossil fishes consisting of several genera. Their leading character consists in a peculiar armature of all parts of the mouth, with a pavement of thick, round, and flat teeth. Their remains, under the name of Bufonites, occur most abundantly throughout the oolite formation. Pycnogonidæ (pik-nō-gon'i-dē), n. pl. A very remarkable family of crustaceans, forming the order Araneiformia (spider-forms) of some writers. The genus Pycnogonum is the type. See PYCNOGONUM. Pycnogonum (pik-nogʻon-um), n. [Gr. pyknos, thick, and gonos, offspring, race.] A genus of Arachnida belonging to the group Podosomata or Pantopoda; sea-spiders. Some species are parasitic upon fishes and other marine animals, but the common British species, P. littorale, is free when adult, and does not appear to be parasitic during any period of its existence. There are four pairs of legs, sometimes greatly exceeding the body in length, and containing cecal prolongations of the digestive cavity for a certain part of their length. The abdomen is rudimentary, and though there are no respiratory organs, there is a distinct heart.

Pycnostyle (pik'nō-stil), n. [Gr. pyknos,
thick, and stylos, a column.] In anc. arch. a
colonnade where the columns stand very
close to each other. To this intercolum-
niation one diameter and a half is as-
signed.

Pye (pi), n. A magpie. See PIE.
Pyebald (pi'bald), a. Same as Piebald.
Pyelitis (pi-e-li'tis), n. [Gr. pyelos, the pel-
vis, and itis, denoting inflammation.] In
pathol. inflammation of the pelvis and calices
of the kidney.

Pyet (pi'et), n. A magpie. [Scotch.]

Here cometh the worthy prelate, as pert as a pyet.
Sir W. Scott.

Pygæra (pi-jë'ra), n. See BUFF-TIP.
Pygargt (pi'garg), n. [Gr. pygargos, lit. white-
rump-pyge, a rump, and argos, white.] 1. A
species of antelope mentioned in the Bible,
probably the addax. Deut. xiv. 5.-2. The
sea-eagle or osprey.
Pygathrix (piga-thriks), n. [Gr. puge, pos-
teriors, and thrix, hair.] The Cochin-China
monkey (Simia nemæus).
Pygidium (pi-jid'i-um), n. [Gr. pyge, the
posteriors.] 1. The ninth and last ring or
segment of the abdomen of a flea. It is
somewhat kidney-shaped, and exhibits
twenty-five to twenty-eight longish bristles
implanted in the centre of so many disc-like
areol.2. The terminal division of the
body of a trilobite.

Pygmean (pig-me'an), a. Pertaining to a
pygmy or dwarf; very small; dwarfish.
That Pygmean race beyond the Indian
mount. Milton.

Pygmy (pig'mi), n. [Fr. pygmée; L. pygmaus; Gr. pygmaios, from pygme, the distance from the elbow to the knuckles, about 13 inches] 1. A fabulous race of dwarfs, first mentioned by Homer as dwelling on the shores of Ocean, and who had to sustain a war against the cranes every spring.-2. A

581

little or dwarfish person; a dwarf; also, anything little.

Pygmies are pygmies still, though perched on Alps; And pyramids are pyramids in vales. Young. 3. A species of ape; the chimpanzee. Brande & Cox.

Pygmy (pig'mi), a. Belonging to or resembling a pygmy; pygmean; dwarfish; small; little.

Pygmy (pig'mi), v.t. To dwarf; to make little.

Stand off, thou poetaster, from thy press, Who pygmiest martyrs with thy dwarf-like verse. Wood. Pygopus (pig'ō-pus), n. [Gr. pygë, rump, and pous, a foot.] A genus of Australian lacertilian reptiles, family Scincida, which, with the genus Pseudopus, formerly constituted the genus Bipes. On the discovery by Cuvier that, in addition to rudimentary posterior legs, there were indications of anterior feet, the members were constituted into a distinct genus under the above name. Pyin, Pyine (pi'in), n. [Gr. pyon, pus.] A peculiar matter, besides albumen, found in solution in pus.

Pyk, Pike (pyk), v.t. To make bare; to pick. [Scotch.]

Pyke (pik), N. In India, a foot messenger; a night watchman. Stocqueler. Pylagoras (pi-lag'or-as), n. [Gr.] In anc. Greece, a delegate or representative of a city, sent to the Amphictyonic council. Pyle (pyl), n. A single grain of chaff. Burns. [Scotch.]

Pylon (pilon), n. In arch. the mass of building on either side of the entrance to an Egyptian temple. Gwilt.

Pyloric (pi-lorik), a. Pertaining to the pylorus; as, the pyloric artery.

Pyloridea, Pylorideans (pil-o-rid'ē-a, pilo-rid'ē-anz), n. pl. [Gr. pyloros, a gatekeeper, and eidos, resemblance. ] The gapers, a tribe of lamellíbranchiate bivalves, comprehending those which have the shell nearly always equivalve, and gaping at the two extremities.

Pylorus (pi-lõ'rus), n. [Gr. pylōros, from pyle, a gate.] The lower and right orifice of the stomach, through which the food passes on to the intestine.

Pyogenesis, Pyogenia (pi-ō-jen'e-sis, pi-ōjë'ni-a), n. [Gr. pyon, pus, and genesis, generation.] The generation of pus; the theory or process of the formation of pus. Pyogenic (pi-o-jen'ik), a. [See PYOGENESIS.] Having relation to the formation of pus; producing or generating pus.

Pyoid (pi'oid), a. [Gr. pyon, pus, and eidos, likeness.] Partaking of the nature of, or resembling pus.-Pyoid corpuscles,in pathol. a larger variety of pus corpuscles, containing two or more of the ordinary corpuscles. Pyoning + (pi'on-ing), n. Work of pioneers; military works raised by pioneers. Spenser. Pyot (pi'ot), n. Same as Pyet. Pyracanth (pir'a-kanth), n. [Gr. pyrakantha, fiery thorn-pyr, fire, and akantha, a thorn.] A thorn found in the south of Europe, Crataegus Pyracantha. Pyracid (pir-as'id), n. See PYRO-ACID. Pyral (pi'ral), a. Of or pertaining to a pyre. Sir T. Browne.

Pyralidæ (pi-ral′i-dě), n. pl. [Gr. pyralis, a kind of pigeon, and eidos, resemblance.] A family of nocturnal Lepidoptera, belonging to the general section Heterocera. Many of the species are gay-coloured, and fly in the daytime.

Pyralis (pir'a-lis), n. A genus of nocturnal Lepidoptera, the type of the family Pyralidæ. One species (P. forficalis), the cabbage-garden pebble-moth, is very destructive in kitchen-gardens. Pyrallolite (pi-ral'lō-lit), n. [Gr. pyr, fire, allos, other, and lithos, a stone, alluding to its changes of colour before the blow-pipe.] A mineral found in Finland, massive and in crystals, friable and yielding to the knife. It is a white or greenish variety of pyroxene. Pyrame (pe-ram'), n. A small water-spaniel. [French name.]

Pyramid (pir'a-mid), n. [Fr. pyramide; L. pyramis, from Gr. pyramis, pyramidos, a pyramid. Probably an Egyptian word.] 1. A solid structure of a well-known shape, erected in different parts of the world, the most noted being those of Egypt and Mexico, the name being more exclusively and properly adopted for the former. pyramids of Egypt commence immediately south of Cairo, continuing southwards at varying intervals for nearly 70 miles. The four largest are near Ghizeh, a village

The

PYRAMIDIC

about 4 miles south-west of Cairo. As the pyramids are all built on the same principle, a description of the principal one, named the Great Pyramid, or Pyramid of Cheops, may serve for all. Its base forms a square, each side of which was originally 764 feet, though now, by the removal of a coating, only 746 feet long, occupying 13 acres. It is built in platforms successively diminishing till that at the top contains only 1067 square feet. The height, according to Wilkinson, was originally 480 feet 9 inches, present height 460 feet, and the series of platforms present a succession of 203 steps, up which the ascent is made. The interior, entered 49 feet above the base of the north face, contains numerous chambers, one of which, called the King's Chamber, is 34 feet long, 17 wide, and 19 high, and contains a sarcophagus of red granite. The whole structure, unquestionably the most stupendous stone building ever put together by the hand of man, is said by Herodotus to have employed 100,000 men for 20 years, and its solid contents have been computed at 82,111,000 cubic feet. The pyramids are supposed to have been raised over the sepulchral chambers of the ancient Egyptian kings, the first act of a monarch being to prepare his 'eternal abode.'

The Pyramids themselves, doting with age, have forgotten the names of their founders. Fuller. 2. In geom. a solid body of a similar shape, or strictly a solid contained by a plane, triangular, square, or polygonal base, and other planes meeting in a point. This point is called the vertex of the pyramid; and the planes which meet in the vertex are called the sides, which are necessarily all triangles, having for their bases the sides of the base of the pyramid. Every pyramid is one-third of a prism that has the same base and altitude as the pyramid. Pyramids are denominated from the figures of their bases, being triangular, square, pentagonal, &c., according as the base is a triangle, a square, a pentagon, &c.-3. In anat. a conical bony eminence, situated on the posterior wall of the tympanum, immediately behind the oval aperture (fenestra ovalis) of the ear.-4. pl. In billiards, a game played with fifteen red balls and one white, the red balls being placed together in the form of a triangle or pyramid at spot, the object of the players being to try who will pocket or 'pot' the greatest number of balls. 5. The American calumba or Indian lettuce (Frasera carolinensis). Dunglison. Pyramidal (pi-ram'id-al), a. [Fr. pyram idale.] 1. Pertaining to a pyramid; having the form of a pyramid; pyramidical. Would compound the earth of cubical and fire of pyramidal atoms.' Cudworth. 'The pyramidal tomb of Caius Sestius.'

Eustace.

The mystic obelisks stand up Triangular, pyramidal, each based On a single trine of brazen tortoises. E. B. Browning. 2. In bot. having the figure of an angular cone, but more frequently used as an equivalent for conical, as the prickles of some roses, the root of the carrot, and the heads of many trees. Treas. of Bot.-Pyramidal bell-flower, a plant of the genus Campanula, the C. pyramidalis, a native of Istria and Savoy. It used to be a fashionable ornament in halls and staircases, and for being placed before fireplaces in summer. - Pyramidal muscle, in anat. a muscle in the front of the belly, so named from its shape. It arises from the pubes, and assists the rectus.--Pyramidal numbers, the third order of figurate numbers. See under FIGURATE. Pyramidally (pi-ram'id-al-li), adv. 1. In the form of a pyramid; as, shaped pyramidally. 2. By means of, or through the instrumentality of, a pyramid. Sir T. Browne. [Rare.] Pyramidella (pi-ram'i-del"a), n. In conch. a genus of marine univalves found on coral reefs, sand, and sandy mud.

Pyramidellidæ (pi-ram'i-del′′li-dē), n. pl. A family of gasteropodous molluscs, belonging to the section Holostomata. The characteristics are, shell spiral, turreted; aperture channelled in front, with a less distinct posterior canal; lip generally expanded in the adult; operculum horny and spiral. Pyramidic, Pyramidical (pir-a-mid'ik, pir-a-mid'ik-al), a. Having the form of a pyramid; pyramidal. 'Pyramidical figures.' Sir T. Browne. 'Gold in pyramidic plenty piled.' Shenstone.

This bounding line (of a building) from top to bottom may either be inclined inwards, and the mass.

PYRAMIDICALLY

therefore, pyramidical; or vertical, and the mass form one grand cliff; or inclined outwards, as in the advancing fronts of old houses. Ruskin.

Pyramidically (pir-a-mid'ik-al-li), adv. In a pyramidical manner; in the form of a pyramid.

Pyramidicalness (pir-a mid'ik-al-nes), n. The state of being pyramidical. Pyramidion (pir-a-mid'i-on), n. In arch. the small flat pyramid which terminates the top of an obelisk.

Pyramidoid (pi-ram'id-oid), n. [Pyramid, and Gr. eidos, form.] A figure or solid resembling a pyramid. Called also Pyramoid. Pyramidon (pi-ram'i-don), n. An organ stop of 16 or 32 feet tone on the pedals, invented by the Rev. Sir F. A. G. Ouseley, Bart. The pipes are of peculiar shape, being four times larger at the top than at the mouth, and for the size the tone is of remarkable gravity, resembling that of a stopped pipe in quality.

Pyramis (pir'a-mis), n. pl. Pyramides and Pyramises (pir-am'i-dez, pir'a-mis-ez). [L] A pyramid. Searching the inside of the greatest Egyptian pyramis. Hakewill. 'My country's high pyramides.' Shak.

I have heard the Ptolemies' pyramises are very goodly things. Shak.

Pyramold (pirʼam-oid), n. Same as Pyramidoid.

Pyrargillite (pir-är'jil-it), n. A hydrated silicate of alumina, protoxide of iron, magnesia, soda, and potash, found in granite in Finland. Brande & Cox. Pyrargyrite (pir-ar'ji-rit), n. [Gr. pyr, fire, and argyros, silver.] An important ore of silver, chiefly sulphide of silver and antimony, with hexagonal crystallization, widely diffused both in the Old and in the New World.

Pyre (pir), n. [L. pyra.] A heap of combustible materials on which a dead body was laid to be burned to ashes; a funeral pile. For nine long nights through all the dusky air The pyres thick flaming shot a dismal glare. Pope. Apollo's upward fire

Keats.

Made every eastern cloud a silvery pyre Of brightness. Pyrene (pi'rên), n. [Gr. pyr, fire.] (C15 H12) A hydrocarbon obtained from coal-tar. Pyrene (pi-rén'), n. [Gr. pyren, the stone of a fruit.] In bot. the stone found in the interior of drupes and of similar fruits, caused by the hardening of the endocarp. Pyrenean (pir-e-ne'an), a. Of or pertaining to the Pyrenees, a range of mountains between France and Spain.

Till o'er the hills her eagles flew
Beyond the Pyrenean pines.

Tennyson.

Pyreneite (pir-e-ně'it), n. A mineral of a grayish-black colour, found in the Pyrenees, and considered as a variety of garnet. It occurs in minute rhombic dodecahedrons. Pyrenomycetes (pi-re'no-mi-se’tēz), n. pl. [Gr. pyren, the stone of a fruit, and mykes, myketos, a mushroom.] That portion of the ascomycetous and coniomycetous fungi having a closed nuclear fruit.

Pyrethrum (pi-rẻ thrum), n. [Gr. pyrethron. A genus of plants. See FEVERFEW. Pyretic (pi-ret'ik), n. [Gr. pyretos, burning heat, fever, from pyr, fire.] A medicine for

the cure of fever.

Pyretology (pir-ē-tol'o-ji), n. [Gr. pyretos, fever, from pyr, fire, and logos, discourse.] The branch of medical science that treats of fevers.

Pyrexia, Pyrexy (pi-rek'si-a, pi-rek'si), n. [Fr. pyrexie, from Gr. pyresso, to be feverish, from pyretos, fever, from pyr, fire.] Fever.

Pyrexial, Pyrexical (pi-rek'si-al, pi-rek'sik-al). a. Pertaining to fever; feverish. Pyrheliometer (pér-he'li-om"et-er), n. [Gr. pyr, fire, helios, the sun, and metron, a measure.] An instrument devised by M. Pouillet for measuring the intensity of the heat of the sun. It consists of a shallow cylin drical vessel of thin silver or copper, containing water or mercury in which a thermometer is plunged. The upper surface of the vessel is covered with lamp-black, so as to make it absorb as much heat as possible, and the vessel is attached to a support in such a way that the upper surface can be always made to receive the rays of the sun perpendicularly. The actual amount of heat absorbed by the instrument is calculated by ordinary calorimetrical means; the area of the exposed blackened surface is known, and the amount of water or mercury which has been raised through a certain number of thermometric degrees is known, and thus

582

the absolute heating effect of the sun, acting upon a given area under the conditions of the experiment, can be readily found. Pyridium (pi-rid'i-um), n. [L. pyrum, a pear, and Gr. eidos, resemblance.] In bot. same as Pome.

Pyriform (piri-form), a. [L. pyrum, a pear, and forma, shape.] Obconical; having the form of a pear.

Pyritaceous (pir-i-ta'shus), a. Pertaining to pyrites. See PYRITIC. Pyrite (pir'it), n. Same as Pyrites.

Hence sable coal his massy couch extends, And stars of gold the sparkling pyrite blends. Dr. E. Darwin. Pyrites (pi-ri'tez or pir'īts), n. [Gr. pyrites, from pyr, fire.] A term originally applied to yellow sulphide of iron, because it struck fire with steel. It is in strictness still confined to this mineral; but where sulphur exists in combination with copper, cobalt, nickel, &c., the minerals are also called pyrites. Arsenical pyrites. See MISPIKEL and LEUCOPYRITE.-Magnetic pyrites, pyrrholite. See under MAGNETIC. White iron pyrites. Same as Marcasite.-Yellow or copper pyrites, the sulphuret of copper and iron, being the most common ore of copper. Pyritic, Pyritical, Pyritous (pi-ritik, pi-rit ik-al, pir'it - us), a. Pertaining to pyrites; consisting of or resembling pyrites. Pyritiferous (pir-i-tif'ér-us), a. Containing or producing pyrites.

Pyritize (pirit-iz), v. t. pret & pp. pyritized; ppr. pyritizing. To convert into pyrites. Pyritology (pir-i-tol'o-ji), n. [Pyrite, and Gr. logos, discourse.] Facts or information on pyrites.

(Gr. pyr,

Pyritous (pir'it-us), a. Same as Pyritic. Pyroacetic (pir'o-a-set"ik), a. pyros, fire, and E. acetic.] Pertaining to or obtained from acetic acid, when subjected to the action of heat.-Pyroacetic spirit.

Same as Acetone.

[blocks in formation]

Pyroballogy (pir-o-bal'o-ji), n. [Gr. pyr, pyros, fire, ballo, to throw, and logos, discourse, account.] The art or science of artillery. Sterne. [Rare.] Pyrochlore (pir'o-klor), n. [Gr. pur, pyros, fire, and chloros, green] A mineral consisting of columbic and titanic acid, with lanthanum, potash, soda, calcium, cerium, &c.: so named from the colour it assumes under the blow-pipe. Called also Microlite. Pyrochroa (pir-ó-krō'a), n. [Gr. pyr, fire, and chroa, colour] A genus of coleopterous, insects, distinguished by its pure red colour; cardinal beetle. It is the only British genus of Pyrochroidæ.

Pyrochroidæ (pir-ō-krō'i-dē), n. pl. A family of small coleopterous insects, found in the spring and early part of the summer. They frequent leaves and flowers, and the larvae are found under the bark of trees and in rotten wood.

Pyrocitric (pir-o-sit'rik), a. [Gr. pyr, pyros, fire, and E. citric.] Applied to an acid obtained by subjecting citric acid to the action

of heat.

Pyro-electric (pir'ō-e-lek" trik), a. [Gr. pyr, puros, fire, and E. electric.] Relating to pyro-electricity; having the property of becoming electro-polar when heated, as certain crystals; thermo-electric. Pyro-electric (piro-é-lek"trik), n. That which becomes electrified when heated. Pyro-electricity (pir'o-e-lek-tris"i-ti), n. A name given to electricity produced by heat, as when tourmaline becomes electric by being heated between 10° and 100° Cent.; the science which treats of electricity so produced; thermo-electricity. Pyrogallate (pir-ō-gal'lāt), n. A salt of pyrogallic acid.

Pyrogallic (pir-o-gal'ik), a. [Gr. pyr, pyros, fire, and E. gallic.] Applied to an acid (CHO) obtained from gallic acid by the action of heat.

Pyrogenic (pir-o-jen'ik), a, and n. [Gr. pyr, pyros, fire, and genein, to produce.] Producing or that which tends to produce feverishness.

Pyrogenous (pi-roj'en-us), a. [Gr. pyr, fire, and genein, to generate.] Produced by fire, igneous.

Pyrognomic (pir-og-nom'ik), a. [Gr. pyr. pyros, fire, and gnomon, an index, a mark.] Applied to certain minerals which, when heated to a certain degree, exhibit a glow of incandescence, probably arising from a new disposition of their molecules.

PYROMETER

Pyrognostic (pir-og-nos'tik), a. (Gr. pyr, pyros, fire, and gignosko, to know] In mineral. pertaining to the phenomena exhibited on the application of the blowpipe.

Pyro-heliometer (pír'o-he-li-om"et-èr), n. Same as Pyrheliometer.

Pyrola (pir'o-la), n. [L. pyrus, a pear-tree, from the resemblance of its leaves.] A genus of perennial plants with slender creeping root stocks, short, almost woody stems, broad evergreen, chiefly radical leaves, and usually racemose white or pink flowers Several species are natives of Britain, and are known by the common name of wintergreen. P. rotundifolia, or round-leaved winter-green, possesses astringent properties, and was formerly used in medicine. Pyrolaceæ (pir-o-là'sé-é), n. pl. A group of Ericacea of which the genus Pyrola is the type. The species are herbaceous plants, with leaves either wanting or simple, entire or toothed; flowers monopetalous, stamens hypogynous, ovary superior. Pyrolatry (pi-rol'a-tri), n. [Gr. pur, fire, and latreia, worship.] The worship of fire. Pyroleter (pi-rol'e-ter), n. [Gr. pur, purca, fire, and ollymi, to destroy.] An apparatus for the extinction of fire, especially on board ships, by which hydrochloric acid and bicarbonate of soda, partly dissolved and partly suspended in water, are pumped into a cylinder, and the carbonic acid there generated is projected on the fire. Pyroligneous, Pyrolignic (pir-o-ligne-as, pir-o-lig'nik), a. [Gr. pyr, fire, and L. lig neus, from lignum, wood.] Generated or procured by the distillation of wood.-Pyroligneous acid, impure acetic acid obtained by the distillation of wood. Pyrolignite (pir-o-lig'nit), n. [See above] A salt of pyroligneous acid. Pyrolignous (pir-o-lig'nus), a. Same as Pyroligneous.

Pyrolithic (pir-o-lith'ik), a. [Gr. pyr, fire, and lithos, a stone.] Same as Cyanuric (which see). Called also Pyro-uric and Pyruric.

Pyrologist (pi-rol'o-jist), n. [See PYROL OGY.] One who is versed in the doctrines of heat; an investigator of the laws of heat Pyrology (pi-rol'o-ji), n. [Gr. pur, fire, and logos, discourse.] The science of heat, la

tent and sensible.

Pyrolusite (pir-o-lu'sit), n. [Gr. pyr, fire, and lyo, to wash.] A black ore of manganese, occurring crystallized and massive in Devonshire, Warwickshire, Thuringia, Bra zil, and other places. It is the binoxide or peroxide of manganese, and is much used in chemical processes.

Pyromancy (pir'o-man-si), n. (Gr. pyr, pyros, fire, and manteia, divination.] Divination by fire.

Pyromania (pir-ō-mā'ni-a), n. [Gr. pyï, pyros, fire, and mania, madness.] Insanity marked by an irresistible desire to destroy by fire.

Pyromantic (pir-o-man'tik), a. Pertaining to pyromancy.

Pyromantic (pir-o-man'tik), n. One who pretends to divine by fire.

Pyrometer (pi-rom'et-ér), n. [Gr. pyr, pyre, fire, and metron, a measure] A term origin ally applied to an instrument in the form of a simple metallic bar, employed by Muschenbroek about 1730, for measuring the changes produced in the dimensions of solid bodies by the application of heat. It is now ap plied, however, to any instrument the ob ject of which is to measure all gradations of temperature above those that can be indicated by the mercurial thermometer. Wedg wood's pyrometer, the first which came into extensive use, was used by him for testing the heat of his pottery and porcelain kilns, and depended on the property of clay to contract on exposure to heat. Many dif ferent modes have been proposed or actually employed for measuring high tempera tures; as, (a) by contraction, as in Weig wood's; (b) by the expansion of bars of dif ferent metals; (c) by change of pressure in confined gases, as in M. Lamy's instrument. (d) by the amount of heat imparted to a cold mass, Siemens's instrument; (e) by the fusing-point of solids; (f) by conduction and radiation of heat (see PYROSCOPE); (g) by colour, as red and white heat; (h) by change in velocity of sound; (1) by resolution of chemical compounds; () by generation of electricity, as in Becquerel's thermo-elec tric pyrometer; (k) by change in resistance to electricity, as the instrument invented

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