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From the preceding tables it will be seen that ing complete data, the total number, or 26.1 employed abroad were working for wages, the being shown by those who were employed in dor factory operatives, with 8.7 per cent for each were employed as farm laborers, 2.2 per cent in per cent were without occupation.

The following tables show the industrial condi before coming to the United States of foreign-b 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by rac TABLE 589.-Industrial condition before coming to the United S who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by 1 (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The total,

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TABLE 590.-Occupation before coming to the United States o were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The total, h

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Upon information secured from 683 males it m largest proportion, or 44.5 per cent, were working cent were farmers working for profit and 1.8 tions other than farming. Thirty-four and six-te working for wages, 16.8 per cent in hand trades, laborers, 1.9 per cent as laborers, other than on th cent in other occupations. Of the total number working without wages, 19.8 per cent as farm la cent in other occupations. Only 0.9 per cent were

Comparing the two races shown in the above t that of those working for wages practically the sa shown by each race in each different occupation, e were farm laborers and in hand trades. The

ho were farm laborers, and of those employed in hand trades races show approximately the same proportions reversed. aces report that the largest proportion were employed as farm s working without wages, with 29.1 per cent as shown by the r and 16.5 per cent as shown by the Bulgarian, while less than ent are shown otherwise employed without wages. The largest tion working for profit were farmers, with 46.4 per cent and er cent, respectively, for the Bulgarian and Magyar, less than 2 it in any other occupation being reported by either race.

AL OCCUPATION OF WOMEN AT THE PRESENT TIME IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

following table shows, by general nativity and race of indithe general occupation in the community of females 16 years or over in the households studied.

591.-General occupation of females 16 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

ble includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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a Not computed, owing to small number involved.

above table shows that none of the Magyar women are in doservice or engaged in trade, and none at school, while 82.7 per are at home and 17.3 per cent otherwise employed, the large rtion of those thus designated being at work in the corn products ameling and stamping works.

RAL OCCUPATION OF MALES AT THE PRESENT TIME IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

following table shows, by general nativity and race of individhe general occupation of males 16 years of age or over in the holds studied.

592.-General occupation of males 16 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

able includes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all races.]

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The preceding table shows that the large majo are employed in the iron and steel industry, or at home, 16.6 per cent employed in other industri and a negligible proportion at school. On the yars, as already pointed out, display a tendenc the iron and steel industry to other occupation 18.6 per cent of the males of this race of working in the iron and steel industry and 74.6 per cent while 6.8 per cent are at home and none at scho

COMPARISON OF OCCUPATIONS OF RECENT IMMI OCCUPATIONS.

Five years ago the unskilled labor in the steel by Americans, Irish, Germans, English, Welsh Since that time these races have been entirely d garians and other southeastern European races. English in the employ of the steel companies hav dustrial scale, as well as the Magyars. They do contact with the recent immigrants, except in scribed elsewhere. The Irish who have remained panies are generally foremen or bosses. The English are practically Americanized. Their c through the public schools and are engaged in or business pursuits elsewhere. Very few Magya the steel plants. There are some Magyar chi Most of them, however, have gone to the granite or the corn-products plant, where the work is li pensation higher than that of the unskilled labo car plants. To secure these positions in these e are required to have a fair knowledge of Englis ment they have been able to satisfy because of the dence as compared with other southeastern Europ

About 325 Magyars have employment in the co company, and the greater part of the remainder ware and steel plants. The skilled positions with the granite ware, and the corn-products plant are Irish, and Germans. The entire canning factory o plant is operated by these races, who receive $2.50 chanical positions and trades are also controlled b mans are very numerous as machinists and carper

In the steel mills of this community it is found of trust and those calling for skilled labor, such as foremen, switchmen, teamsters and watchmen Americans, Germans, and Irish, while the posit labor such as unloading, floating gang, etc., are Poles, Bulgarians, and Macedonians. In the smel the skilled and responsible positions such as charging-machine men, bricklayers and chemists an cans, Germans, and Irish; while the positions ca labor are occupied by Bulgarians and Slovaks. T the molding departments where the foundrymen, and carpenters are Americans, Germans and Irish, helpers and common laborers are Macedonians. Bu

ns.

In the pattern department no races but Americans and
ans are employed as all the labor in this department is skilled.
the machinery and power department practically the same con-
prevails as all the occupations such as blacksmiths, mechanics,
n makers, electricians, pipe fitters, etc., call for skilled labor
re occupied by Americans, Irish, and Germans. In the finish-
epartment where both skilled and unskilled labor is employed
mericans, Germans, and Irish have the positions calling for
d labor and the Macedonians, Bulgarians, Turks, Roumanians,
egroes the positions requiring only unskilled labor.

foregoing statements may be graphically shown by exhibiting
cupations by race in a number of the departments of the local
facturing establishments. Immediately below there is sub-
a table showing the number of the representatives of the
al races in the various occupations of a large rolling mill.

593.— Number of male employees of a rolling mill in Community E, by race and

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The following tables show the number of each occupations of the corn-products refining establis

TABLE 594.-Number of male employees in a corn-product rej munity E, by race and occupation.

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TABLE 595.-Number of female employees in a corn-product ref munity E, by race and occupation.

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The table next presented shows the number of principal occupation of the stamp works of the I graniteware company:

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