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CHAPTER V.

GENERAL PROGRESS AND ASSIMILATION.

enship-Ability to speak English-[Text Tables 577 to 581 and General Tables 322 to 324].

CITIZENSHIP.

e tendency among iron and steel workers of the Middle West rd becoming citizens is set forth in the following table, which s, by race, the present political condition of foreign-born male oyees who have been in the United States five years or over who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming.

577.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees who have been he United States 5 years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of ing, by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States.]

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From the data presented in the preceding tabl per cent of the total number of 2,679 foreign-b for whom information was secured are fully na per cent have first papers only. Of the foreignWelsh, English, and Swedes, in the order mention proportion of fully naturalized individuals and t ians, and Germans have the largest proportion have first papers only.

The increasing interest in political affairs and t of the foreign-born employees to become perman this country after designated periods of residence following table, which shows, by race and by States, the present political condition of foreignsteel workers who were 21 years of age or over at the United States:

TABLE 578.-Present political condition of foreign-born male years of age or over at time of coming to the United States, by and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the Unite only races with 100 or more males reporting. The total, however, i

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The data in the preceding table show that, in t the races for which information was secured, a la employees who have been in the United States than of employees who have been here from five fully naturalized. Upon the other hand, there is length of residence in the United States in the individuals having first papers only due to the g citizens among the races of long residence. This d larly noticeable in the case of the English, Germ Of all employees who have been in the United St over the English and Swedes, in the order men largest and the Slovenians and Croatians the small fully naturalized individuals, and the Slovenians an the largest and the Croatians the smallest proporti having the first papers only.

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH.

table next presented shows, by race, the per cent of foreignale employees of non-English-speaking races who have acquired ility to speak English.

LE 579.—Per cent of foreign-born male employees who speak English, by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

le includes only non-English-speaking races with 40 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all non-English-speaking races.]

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7,747 male employees reporting complete data in the preceding 51.6 per cent are able to speak English. The Norwegians, ed by the Swedes, Germans, and Bohemians and Moravians, the largest proportions, while the Greeks, Herzegovinians, nians, and Macedonians in the order named show the smallest rtions able to speak the English language.

e greater progress of younger than of older immigrants in ring the use of the English language is shown by the following which sets forth, by age at time of coming to the United States race, the per cent of foreign-born male employees who now - English:

580.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees who speak English, by age at time of coming to the United States and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

ble includes only non-English-speaking races with 100 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all non-English-speaking races.]

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The preceding table includes 7,747 male employ ber 98.1 per cent of those who were under 14 yea coming to the United States, as compared with 48 who were 14 years of age or over, speak English a That ability to speak English is more readily who are younger at the time of coming to the evinced by the fact that, while the proportion under 14 years of age ranges from 100 per cent Germans, Slovaks, and Swedes each, to 83.3 per the Magyars, the proportion of those who were 14 when they came to the United States ranges fro the Swedes to 11.3 per cent of the Macedonians.

The relation between period of residence an English is exhibited by the following table, whi in the United States and race, the per cent of employees who speak English:

TABLE 581.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees who speak United States and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the Unite only non-English-speaking races with 100 or more males reporting. The English-speaking races.]

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From the data presented in the above table it per cent of the foreign-born male employees wh United States under five years, 52.9 per cent of th here from five to nine years, and 86.8 per cent been here ten years or over speak English. employees who have been in the United State who speak English is very much larger for the S individuals of any other race and is smallest for Slovenians, and Poles. The Swedes, North Itali Slovaks have the largest and the Slovenians the s of individuals who have been here from five to ni English, while, of the employees who have been over, all the Swedes and North Italians and a la

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