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The table next presented shows, by race and 1 the United States, the comparative weekly eari male employees who were 18 years of age or ove are arranged under the specified periods of resid

TABLE 569.-Comparative earnings per week of foreign-born me or over, by race and length of residence in the Un

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the Unit only races with 200 or more males reporting.

IN UNITED STATES LESS THAN 5 YEA

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*This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no a lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.

The above table indicates the effect of length United States upon the earnings of the individu races studied. It appears that of the employees i less than five years, the English and Irish have tion of individuals earning $10 or over, $12.50 o $17.50 or over, and $20 or over per week, respec

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r per week, respectively, the Swedes closely follow the English e Irish, who take first rank in earning ability. Among employo have been in the United States from five to nine years, though glish, Irish, and Swedes still have a larger proportion of indis earning the higher sums specified than have the employees of her race, there is a considerable increase in the proportion of luals of the races of recent immigration from southern and n Europe earning the higher sums. A further increase in the tion of individuals of races of recent immigration earning $12.50 r, $15 or over, $17.50 or over, and $20 or over per week, respecmay be noted among the employees with a residence of ten or longer. The English, Irish, and Swedes still have, however, er proportion of individuals earning the higher sums specified ave the employees of any other race.

SALIENT CHARACTERISTICS.

y-Conjugal condition-Visits abroad-Age classification of immigrant mployees [Text Tables 570 to 576 and General Tables 317 to 321].

LITERACY.

ollowing table shows, by general nativity and race, the perof male iron and steel workers in the Middle West who are read, and the percentage who are able to read and write:

0.—Per cent of male employees who read and per cent who read and write, by general nativity and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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a study of 12,011 male employees, the preceding table that 88 per cent are able to read and 86.5 per cent both d write, leaving 1.5 per cent who read but are unable to The native-born employees of foreign father show a larger ion than is reported by the whites native-born of native who in turn show a higher percentage than native-born

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and steel workers have the smallest proportion as well as both to read and write. Of the sever other than French, Norwegian, Scotch, and Sv entire number to have ability both to read a portions of the other races who were able to re per cent, as shown by the English, to 70.8 pe the Croatians, while the same races exhibit th of those who both read and write. With the ex lish, Herzegovinian, Slovak, and Welsh, each smaller proportion who both read and write tha employees native-born of fathers born in Germa less than 1 per cent who neither read nor write born of Russian father show 100 per cent able cent able both to read and to write. All other na of foreign father show their entire number to and write.

CONJUGAL CONDITION.

The table next presented shows, by general na percentage of male employees in the Middle Wes over in each specified conjugal condition:

TABLE 571.-Per cent of male employees 20 years of age or over by general nativity and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The tot

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