74.5 per cent of the foreign-born, and 67.4 per cent of the nativeborn negroes. Each nativity group, except the native-born of foreign father, has a smaller proportion able both to read and write than to read. The Bulgarian, Scotch, and Swedish employees are the only foreign races showing that the entire number with ability to read also have ability to write. The table next presented shows, by sex and by general nativity and race of individual, the literacy of persons 10 years of age or over in the households studied: TABLE 700.-Per cent of persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent who read and write, by sex and general nativity and race of individual. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.) [This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.] The above table brings out the degrees of literacy prevailing among 2,287 individuals in the households studied who are 10 years of age or over. Of this number 65 per cent can read and 63.7 per cent can read and write, the proportions for males being considerably higher than those for females. Foreign-born persons fall below these averages for the total and for both sexes, while the native-born of foreign father, the second generation of immigrants, rise notably above the average, and also show a greater degree of literacy among the females than among the males. Among the foreign-born, the Scotch, Bulgarians, and French exhibit the highest percentages both of the entirely literate and those partially so. The lowest in the scale are the South Italians, their percentages forming a striking contrast to those of the North Italians. The figures on the whole indicate that a considerable degree of illiteracy prevails in this locality. The relation between literacy and period of residence is set forth in the following table, which shows, by years in the United States and race of individual, the per cent of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and the per cent who read and write: TABLE 701.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent who read and write, by years in the United States and race of individual. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.) [By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.] The persons reporting show that ability to read and write is most general among those who have been in the United States ten years or over. However, the proportion who are literate among those who have been here from five to nine years is smaller than the proportion among those who have been here under five years. Among the specified races there is apparently little connection between length of residence and ability to read and write. For example, the largest proportion of French who are literate are in the under-five groups, but the largest proportion of the South Italians who are literate are those who have been in the United States ten years or over. The largest proportion of North Italians who are literate are in the five to nine year groups. The North Italians are exceptional in that a relatively small proportion of their number are able to read and write among those who have been in the United States ten years or over, and that a relatively high proportion of those in the other periods of residence are so able. The greater adaptability and progress manifested by the younger as compared with the older immigrants is exhibited in the table next presented, which shows, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of individual, the per cent of foreign-born persons 10 years to age or over who read, and the per cent who read and write. TABLE 702.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read, and per cent who read and write, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of individual. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.) [This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign Of the persons represented in the above table who came to the United States when under 14 years of age, 73.7 per cent can read and 73.2 per cent can both read and write at the present time, while of those who came here when 14 or over, 59.6 per cent can read and 58.6 per cent can both read and write. The percentage of individuals who came to the United States under 14 years of age who are able to read, as well as the percentage who are able to both read and write, is largest among the Scotch, French, and Slovak, in the order mentioned, and smallest among the South Italians. The proportion of individuals who came to this country when 14 or over who can read ranges from 98.2 per cent for the Scotch, 89.3 per cent for the Bulgarians, and 83.1 per cent for the French, to 62.3 per cent for the Poles, and only 34 per cent for the South Italians. The proportion of individuals who can both read and write is, for each race, the same as, or but slightly smaller than, the proportion who It will be noted that the proportion of literates is generally much higher in the case of the persons who came to the United States when under 14 years of age than in the case of those who came here when 14 or over. The races of old immigration from Great Britain and northern Europe, so far as represented, have a higher percentage of literates than have the races of recent immigration. CONJUGAL CONDITION. The table next presented shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the percentage of male employees 20 years of age or over in each conjugal condition. TABLE 703.-Per cent of male employees 20 years of age or over in each conjugal condition, by general nativity and race. (STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.) [This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.] The preceding table comprises a total of 5,047 males who are 20 years of age or over. Of this number 60.6 per cent are married, 34.7 per cent single, and 4.6 per cent widowed. The native-born whites show a larger proportion married than do the native-born of foreign father, who in turn show a larger proportion than do the native-born negroes; the foreign-born shows the smallest proportion married. The native-born negroes show the largest proportion widowed and the total foreign-born show the smallest. Of the several foreign races the Greek and Swedish are the only ones showing a larger proportion single than married. The table next submitted shows, by age groups and general nativity and race, the percentage of male employees in each conjugal condition: TABLE 704.—Per cent of male employees in each conjugal condition, by age groups and general nativity and race. (STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.) [This table includes only races with 100 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.] This table indicates no abnormal conditions, the proportions of single males decreasing while those of married or widowed males increase with advancing age. The table next submitted shows, by sex, age groups, and general nativity and race of individual, the percentage of persons in the households studied who are in each conjugal condition: TABLE 705.-Per cent of persons in each conjugal condition, by sex and age groups, and by general nativity and race of individual. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.) [This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.] General nativity and race of individual. MALE. 20 to 29 years of 30 to 44 years of 45 years of age or 20 years of age or age. Per cent who are age. over. Per cent who are over. Per cent who are Number reporting complete data. Number reporting Number reporting complete data. Number reporting complete data. |