TABLE 693.-Per cent of households occupying apartments of each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all

a Not including one apartment not reporting number of rooms.

The salient fact disclosed by the foregoing table is that slightly more than 50 per cent of the households studied in the Birmingham district occupy apartments of two rooms. The proportion of households that occupy four-room apartments is 20.9 per cent, as compared with 15.5 per cent who occupy three-room apartments, 4.2 per cent who occupy apartments of one room only, 4.4 per cent who occupy five-room apartments, and 1.4 per cent who occupy six-room apartments. Less than 1 per cent occupy apartments with seven rooms or more. The native-born negroes show, when compared with the foreign-born, a large proportion of households that live in apartments of two and four rooms. Of all of the races studied the Greeks show the largest proportion who live in oneroom apartments. The South Italians are second and next to the French and Slovaks, the Bulgarians and Scotch, showing no households in apartments of one room. Of the Greek households studied, 81.3 per cent occupy two-room apartments, followed by the Bulgarians, who have 80.8 per cent. None of the Scotch households studied occupy two-room apartments, while for each of the other races in this classification the proportion is in excess of 20 per cent, the French, with 22.7 per cent, having the smallest proportion.

Only 6.3 per cent of the Greek households studied occupy threeroom apartments. This is the smallest proportion shown in this group and is interesting when compared with that of the Slovaks, or 35 per cent, which is the highest proportion. Among the French and Scotch the increased proportions living in the apartments of a larger number of rooms are noticeable. Of the French, 43.2 per cent, and 39 per cent of the Scotch households studied occupy four-room apartments. These races and the Slovaks are the only races which show more than 10 per cent of their households in four-room apartments. The Scotch exhibit the highest percentage of households

The table immediately preceding shows studied 52.7 per cent have less than 5 per cent report 2, 18.5 per cent 3, 17.9 per cent 1. Of those having over 4 persons p have 5, 10.3 per cent 6, 9.4 per cent 7, an have 8, 9, and 10 or more persons per hous the exception of those households having households the heads of which were for larger proportion having each of the othe sons than is shown in the total for all hous

Among those households the heads of none have only one person. As contrast South Italian, the proportions of the ot persons are very low. Of those having Italian households show a slightly larger pr and a considerably larger proportion than garian, and Scotch households, the last nam proportion, or 7.3 per cent. The French, v 4 persons per household, show a considerab the South Italian or Slovak, and a much la

Scotch, Greek, or Bulgarian households. Both the Bulgarian and French having 5 and 6 persons per household show smaller proportions than are shown by households the heads of which are of any other race.

As regards those households having 7 and 8 persons, the Greeks with 28.1 per cent in the former and the Slovaks with 11.7 per cent in the latter show the largest proportions. The South Italians, with 2.6 per cent having 9 persons and 2.2 per cent having 10 or more persons, again show the smallest proportions, while the Bulgarians, with 18.5 and 29.6 per cent, respectively, show a much larger proportion in each instance than is shown by any other race. The French households alone, it will be noted, report no proportion having more than 7 persons per household. With 17.1 per cent of households consisting of 10 or more persons the Scotch show a proportion lower than the 29.6 per cent shown by the Bulgarians, but considerably above the proportions shown by households the heads of which were of any other race.

CONGESTION.

A further insight into the degree of congestion within the households studied and its effect upon living arrangements is afforded by the series of tables next submitted. The first table presented shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the average number of persons in the households studied per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room:

TABLE 695.—Average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

a Not including one household not reporting number of rooms.

▸ Not including one household not reporting number of sleeping rooms.

The preceding table shows a higher degree of congestion in the foreign-born than in the native-born households, the former having

highe

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number of persons nor eportmont non Poom

persons for each 100 rooms as comp born. In sleeping rooms, the nativeage of 221 persons for each 100, wh persons. The greatest degree of cong garian and Macedonian households, i apartment, per room, and per sleeping Italians closely approach the degree o and Macedonians in all rooms and French households have the smallest a room and per sleeping room. The n average number of persons per apartme is shown for the native white, but a hi The range in the number of persons nativity and race of head of household,

TABLE 696.-Persons per room, by general nat (STUDY OF HOUSEH

a Not computed, owing to small number Not including 1 household not reporting

This table, covering 660 households repo an average of 1.76 persons per room. Of 1.88 persons per room as against 1.28 pe native-born. The average number of pe higher with the negro native-born of nat native-born white of native father, alth persons per room. Among the foreign-bo and Bulgarians, each with more than 3 per highest averages, while both Greeks and So than 2 persons per room. All other races room, but the averages of the French and E others. Of the households having 1 or mo Bulgarians and Greeks are first, with 100 pe races, excepting the French, show more th

The Greeks and Bulgarians also show th households with 2 or more persons per roon

only 6.8 per cent. Over 50 per cent of the South Italians are thus reported, while the Slovaks and Scotch come below that figure. It will be observed that the French and Scotch, both representatives of the older immigration, show lower averages than the other races throughout. Only two races, Greek and Bulgarian, have over 50 per cent of households with 3 or more persons per room. The South Italian has over 20 per cent and the Slovak comes a little below that mark, while the French and Scotch report a trifle over 2 per cent each. In the column showing the households with 4 or more persons per room, the Bulgarian still leads with 38.5 per cent, the Greek coming next, with 12.5 per cent, while the remaining races show a very slight percentage or, in the case of the French and Scotch, none at all.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the number of persons per sleeping room:

TABLE 697.-Persons per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

per

The foregoing table shows the average number of persons per sleeping room to be 2.81. Of these households, 564 have 2 or more persons per sleeping room and a majority show 3 or more, while only 28, or 4.2 per cent, report as many as 6. The households whose heads were foreign-born report a much larger average number of sons in each sleeping room than do the native-born of native father. The percentage of households having 2 or more persons per sleeping room is seen to be the highest, or 100 per cent, among the foreignborn Bulgarians, followed by the Greeks, South Italians and Slovaks. Of those having 6 or more persons per sleeping room the percentage is comparatively high among the South Italians and Slovaks, while