Only a fraction of 1 per cent of the households in this locality for which information was secured pay under $1, 44.2 per cent pay under $2, 90.1 per cent pay under $3, and 98.5 per cent pay a rental under $4 each month per room. The proportion of households paying under $2, under $3, and under $4, respectively, is larger for the native-born negroes of native father than for the foreign-born. Among the foreign-born households the Greeks have the smallest proportion and the French the largest proportion of households paying under $2 each month per room.

The table next submitted shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the percentage of households paying each specified rent per month per person.

TABLE 690.-Per cent of households paying each specified rent per month per person, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

Of the total number of households included in the preceding table, 38.9 per cent pay a rental under $1, 82.5 per cent under $2, 97.3 per cent under $3, and 99.4 per cent under $4 each month per person. The proportion of households paying under each specified sum per person is larger in the case of the foreign-born households than in the case of the households of the native-born negroes. Of the foreignborn, the Bulgarians, Greeks, South Italians, and Slovaks have a larger proportion of households paying under $1 and under $2 per month, respectively, than have the French. In general, the rent payments per month per person among the immigrant households indicate crowded conditions and unsatisfactory living arrangement as compared with those of the native-born.

BOARDERS AND LODGERS.

The extent to which boarders and lodgers are found in the house.. holds of the iron and steel workers is set forth in the following table. It shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the number and percentage of households keeping boarders or lodgers.

Table 691.-Number and per cent of households keeping boarders or lodgers, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[Information relating to boarders and lodgers covers only immediate time of taking schedule and not the entire year. Boarders are persons who receive both board and lodging.]

In the table above it is seen that a much greater tendency toward the keeping of boarders or lodgers is shown by the households whose heads were foreign-born than by those whose heads were of native birth, 9.5 per cent of the former, as contrasted with only 3.8 per cent of the latter, having boarders or lodgers. None of the native whites born of native father in the eleven households shown have boarders. or lodgers. Among the households whose heads were foreign-born, the largest proportion of boarders or lodgers is exhibited by the French, followed closely by the Slovaks and Bulgarians.

The table next presented shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the average number of boarders or lodgers per household. The averages are based (1) on the total number of households and (2) on the number having boarders or lodgers.

TABLE 692.-Average number of boarders or lodgers per household, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[Information relating to boarders and lodgers covers only immediate time of taking schedule and not the entire year. Boarders are persons who receive both board and lodging.]

In the foregoing table the average number of boarders or lodgers, based on the total number of households keeping boarders or lodgers, is too small for computation, except in the case of the total foreignborn who show an average of 316 boarders or lodgers for each 100 households. The native negro households have an average of 9 boarders or lodgers for each 100 households, based on the total number of households studied, as contrasted with an average of 30 for each 100 foreign-born households. The highest average number of boarders or lodgers per household, based on the total number of households, is shown by the North Italians, closely followed by the Poles and Bulgarians.

SIZE OF APARTMENTS OCCUPIED.

The table next presented shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the percentage of households occupying apartments of each specified number of rooms.

TABLE 693.-Per cent of households occupying apartments of each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all

a Not including one apartment not reporting number of rooms.

The salient fact disclosed by the foregoing table is that slightly more than 50 per cent of the households studied in the Birmingham district occupy apartments of two rooms. The proportion of households that occupy four-room apartments is 20.9 per cent, as compared with 15.5 per cent who occupy three-room apartments, 4.2 per cent who occupy apartments of one room only, 4.4 per cent who occupy five-room apartments, and 1.4 per cent who occupy six-room apartments. Less than 1 per cent occupy apartments with seven rooms or more. The native-born negroes show, when compared with the foreign-born, a large proportion of households that live in apartments of two and four rooms. Of all of the races studied the Greeks show the largest proportion who live in oneroom apartments. The South Italians are second and next to the French and Slovaks, the Bulgarians and Scotch, showing no households in apartments of one room. Of the Greek households studied, 81.3 per cent occupy two-room apartments, followed by the Bulgarians, who have 80.8 per cent. None of the Scotch households studied occupy two-room apartments, while for each of the other races in this classification the proportion is in excess of 20 per cent, the French, with 22.7 per cent, having the smallest proportion.

Only 6.3 per cent of the Greek households studied occupy threeroom apartments. This is the smallest proportion shown in this group and is interesting when compared with that of the Slovaks, or 35 per cent, which is the highest proportion. Among the French and Scotch the increased proportions living in the apartments of a larger number of rooms are noticeable. Of the French, 43.2 per cent, and 39 per cent of the Scotch households studied occupy four-room apartments. These races and the Slovaks are the only races which show more than 10 per cent of their households in four-room apartments. The Scotch exhibit the highest percentage of households occupying five-room apartments, and the French are second. The

Greeks show none, and each of the other races less than 10 per cent in this group. Only three races have any households that occupy six-room apartments. These are the South Italian, Scotch, and Slovak, and the Scotch alone of all other races have a proportion of their households in apartments of seven or more rooms.

SIZE OF HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the percentage of households of each specified number of persons:

TABLE 694.-Per cent of households of each specified number of persons, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all

The table immediately preceding shows that of the 661 households studied 52.7 per cent have less than 5 persons per household; 16 per cent report 2, 18.5 per cent 3, 17.9 per cent 4, and only 0.3 per cent 1. Of those having over 4 persons per household, 15.1 per cent have 5, 10.3 per cent 6, 9.4 per cent 7, and 3.8, 3.6, and 5.1 per cent have 8, 9, and 10 or more persons per household, respectively. With the exception of those households having 1, 2, and 3 persons, the households the heads of which were foreign-born show a slightly larger proportion having each of the other specified number of persons than is shown in the total for all households.

Among those households the heads of which were foreign-born none have only one person. As contrasted with the French and South Italian, the proportions of the other households having 2 persons are very low. Of those having three persons, the_South Italian households show a slightly larger proportion than the French and a considerably larger proportion than the Slovak, Greek, Bulgarian, and Scotch households, the last named reporting the smallest proportion, or 7.3 per cent. The French, with 31.8 per cent having 4 persons per household, show a considerably larger proportion than the South Italian or Slovak, and a much larger proportion than the