TABLE 566.-Per cent of male employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race-Continued.

Of the male employees 18 years of age or over for whom information was secured almost all earn $7.50 or over per week; 87.8 per cent earn $10 or over; 63.9 per cent $12.50 or over, and 40.3 per cent earn $15 or over. On the other hand, only 14.4 per cent earn $20 or more, 9.7 per cent $22.50 or over, and 7.1 per cent $25 or over each week. The proportion of employees earning $10 or over per week is largest for those native-born of foreign father, second largest for the foreignborn employees, and smallest for those native-born of native father. The proportion of employees earning $17.50 or over each week is largest for the native-born of foreign father, second largest for the native-born of native father, and smallest for the foreign-born, while the proportion earning $15 or over, $20 or over, $22.50 or over, and $25 or over per week, respectively, is largest for the native-born of native father, is second in rank for the native-born of foreign father, and smallest for the foreign-born. In the case of the foreign-born the employees of the races of old immigration from Great Britain and northern Europe have, in general, a larger proportion of individuals earning each of the sums specified than have the employees of the races of recent immigration from southern and eastern Europe. The distinction between these two groups of employees is partícularly noticeable in the columns representing the higher earnings.

The table next presented shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the percentage of male employees 14 and under 18 years of age who were earning each specified amount per week.

TABLE 567.-Per cent of male employees 14 and under 18 years of age earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race.*

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

*This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.

Of the male employees 14 and under 18 years of age for whom information was secured almost all earn $5 or over a week, 76.6 per cent earn $7.50 or over, and 24 per cent $10 or over, while only 5.1 per cent $12.50 or over, and 2.3 per cent $15 or more. The proportion of employees earning $7.50 or over and $10 or over weekly, respectively, is largest for the native-born employees of native father, second largest for those who were native-born of foreign father, and smallest for the foreign-born. None of the foreign-born, and a considerably smaller proportion of the native-born iron and steel workers of foreign father than of the native-born of native father earn $12.50 or over and $15 or over each week.

RELATION BETWEEN PERIOD OF RESIDENCE AND EARNING ABILITY.

The table next presented includes the same data as Table 566, but presents it in a different form. In this table the proportions of each residence period are grouped under the several races in order to render possible a study of the progress of each race without direct comparison with other races.

TABLE 568.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week, by race and length of residence in the United States.*

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 200 or more males reporting.]

* This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.

It will be noted from the data presented in the preceding table that the increase with length of residence is more uniform with the races of recent immigration included in the table-the Croatians, Magyars, Poles, Russians, Slovaks, and Slovenians-and with the Germans and Swedes than with the English and Irish. In the case of the English, a larger proportion of individuals who have been in the United States under five years than of the individuals who have been here from five. to nine years are reported as earning $12.50 or over, $15 or over, and $17.50 or over, per week, respectively.

The table next presented shows, by race and length of residence in the United States, the comparative weekly earnings of foreign-born male employees who were 18 years of age or over. The several races are arranged under the specified periods of residence.

TABLE 569.-Comparative earnings per week of foreign-born male employees 18 years of age or over, by race and length of residence in the United States.*

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 200 or more males reporting.]

*This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year

The above table indicates the effect of length of residence in the United States upon the earnings of the individuals of the different races studied. It appears that of the employees in the United States less than five years, the English and Irish have the largest proportion of individuals earning $10 or over, $12.50 or over, $15 or over, $17.50 or over, and $20 or over per week, respectively. In the columns representing earnings of $10 or over, $12.50 or over, and $15

or over per week, respectively, the Swedes closely follow the English and the Irish, who take first rank in earning ability. Among employees who have been in the United States from five to nine years, though the English, Irish, and Swedes still have a larger proportion of individuals earning the higher sums specified than have the employees of any other race, there is a considerable increase in the proportion of individuals of the races of recent immigration from southern and eastern Europe earning the higher sums. A further increase in the proportion of individuals of races of recent immigration earning $12.50 or over, $15 or over, $17.50 or over, and $20 or over per week, respectively, may be noted among the employees with a residence of ten years or longer. The English, Irish, and Swedes still have, however, a larger proportion of individuals earning the higher sums specified than have the employees of any other race.

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