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very low. All South Italian and Slovak families, as ith 97.1 per cent of the French and 76.5 per cent of the ng a total income under $1,500.

WIVES AT WORK.

of any tendency on the part of the wives of men of foro engage in any regular employment outside of the home add to the family income is exhibited by the following a shows, by general nativity and race of head of family, the ork outside the home.

378.— Wives at work, by general nativity and race of head of family.

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ble shows that only 1.4 per cent of the wives of the foreignat work, this proportion being made up of one French, three lians, and one Slovak. None of the wives of the native-born e at work, but 3.1 per cent of the native negroes are engaged outside of the households.

EARNINGS OF FEMALES 18 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

households studied in the Birmingham district 15 females ork outside the homes with average annual earnings of $135. , 4 are native-born negro women, 3 are of native birth but n father, and 8 are foreign-born. The range in earnings of erent races and nativity groups is shown in the table next d.

TABLE 679.-Yearly earnings (approximate) of females 18 year

nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

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RELATION BETWEEN THE EARNINGS OF HUSBANDS A OF WIVES OF KEEPING BOARDERS OR LC

The following tables show the number and per in which wife has employment or keeps boarders or earnings of husband and by general nativity and race TABLE 680.-Number of families in which wife has employment lodgers, by yearly earnings of husband and by general nativit family.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[The families here represented are only those where both husband and wife are families, see p. 272.]

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• cent of families in which wife has employment or keeps boarders or rly earnings of husband and by general nativity and race of head of

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

only races with 20 or more selected families reporting. The totals, however, are for milies here represented are only those where both husband and wife are present. For =s, see p. 272.]

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a Not computed, owing to small number involved.

gn-born in the foregoing tables show 11.6 per cent of the en earning under $400, 22.2 per cent of those whose hus$400 but under $600, and 17.1 per cent of those whose arn $600 or over, have employment or keep boarders or

SOURCES OF FAMILY INCOME.

e next presented shows, by general nativity and race of nily, the percentage of families having an income within om husband, wife, children, boarders or lodgers, and other

Per cent of families having an income within the year from husband, wife, arders or lodgers, and other sources, by general nativity and race of head of

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

des only races with 20 or more families reporting. The totals, however, are for all races. Seven families are excluded which report income as "none."]

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As regards the source of family income of the 4 in this locality, it will be noted that 95.9 per cent h earnings of husband, 19.6 per cent from the contril 11.7 per cent from the payments of boarders or lo from the earnings of wife, and 10.4 per cent from ot the employees of foreign birth and the negroes na father (with the exception of a considerably sm the latter having an income from contributions of other sources) show proportions having an income that vary but slightly from the proportions show all families.

Among the foreign-born there is no very striking total for all families as regards income from husba with 50 per cent, show twice the proportion of ar an income from contributions of children, but have ing the wife at work. This race also has much tl tion with income from sources not specified. As 1 have an income from payments of boarders or lo tion of the South Italians is small, and the proport is large, as compared with the per cent in the gran

The following table shows, by general nativity a family, the source of family income in detail, the F source specified being exclusive of all other sources: TABLE 683.-Source of family income in detail, by general nativ family.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more families reporting. The totals, " Seven families are excluded which report income as non

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As regards the 469 families studied in this locality, that 62.7 per cent derive their entire income from earn 1.1 per cent from husband and wife, 13.4 per cent fro children, 8.5 per cent from husband and boarders or lo

à source or combination of sources not before specified, and 0.2 per cent of the families have entire income from , and children and boarders or lodgers, respectively. ted with the proportions of South Italian, French, or es having entire income from husband, the proportion ery low, while of those having entire income from husildren, the Scotch with 26.5 per cent report a slightly tion than the Slovaks, and a considerably larger propore French or South Italians. The proportion of Slovak ng entire income from husband and boarders or lodgers that shown by the French, and considerably in excess n by the Scotch or South Italian families. A larger prootch families, or 44.1 per cent, derive their income from pecified than from any other source. The French, with show the next largest proportion having entire income ource, a proportion considerably in excess of that e South Italians or Slovaks. Only a small proportion of n families have entire income from husband and wife, a tion of Slovak families have entire income from wife, and of South Italian and Scotch families have entire income

1.

IPORTANCE OF DIFFERENT SOURCES OF FAMILY INCOME.

next submitted shows, by general nativity and race of ily, the percentage of yearly income from husband, wife, arders or lodgers, and other sources.

Per cent of total family income within the year from husband, wife, children, odgers, and other sources, by general nativity and race of head of family.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

es only races with 20 or more families reporting. The totals, however, are for all races. Seven families are excluded which report income as "none."]

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