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-Industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born ho were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

udes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

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-Occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born males who vere 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

cludes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

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bove table shows that, of a total of 1,080 foreign-born males, est proportion, or 50.7 per cent, were working for wages oming to the United States, while 41.2 per cent were working t, 5.4 per cent were working without wages, and 2.7 per cent hout occupation.

ng the various races, the Poles show the largest proportion, or rent, who were without occupation, while, with the exception Scotch, who show none, the Bulgarians have the smallest, per cent. As regards those who were working for wages, the

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a larger, and, with the exception of the French which show none, the Scotch a smaller, proportio race. Each race except the Scotch exhibits a c who were working for profit, the Greeks showing the French the smallest.

Each of the various races, except the Scotch, sh of those who were working for wages to have been laborers. The South Italians have the largest and smallest percentage thus employed, and each race, e rians, North Italians, Macedonians, and Slovaks, has small proportion who were general laborers. Sma the Poles, French, North Italians, Scotch, and South from 8.3 per cent to 0.5 per cent, were employed al and steel industry.

The French and Macedonians are the only races proportion who were working in their native countrie while each race, with the exception of the Bulgarian Italians, and Slovaks, show the entire number wh without wages to have been farm laborers. Of the proportion who were working for profit, all show a ranging from 49.4 per cent of the Bulgarians to 3.9 French, to have been independent farmers.

PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION OF IMMIGRANT EMPLOYEES 1 TO THE UNITED STATES.

The table next presented shows, by race, the per born male iron and steel workers studied who were occupation before coming to the United States.

TABLE 669.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in each specifi coming to the United States, by race.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more males reporting. The total, however

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Information was obtained in this locality for 958 fore employees. Of this number, 45 per cent were engaged employed as farm laborers, 25.3 per cent were employ laborers, 9.4 per cent were in hand trades, 2.2 per cent v and 10.1 per cent were in occupations other than specific 6.6 and 1.5 per cent were employed in manufacturing and in other manufacturing, respectively. Thus it will an extremely small proportion have had previous expe

of, the industry in which they are now employed. As Greeks and South Italians, it will be noted that, with the f a considerably smaller proportion of the former than of ho were engaged in farming or employed as farm laborers, derably larger proportion of the former than of the latter mployed as general laborers, the proportions of each race broad in the other occupations are very nearly the same, eeks, and only 0.5 per cent of the South Italians, however, oyed in manufacturing iron and steel.

CCUPATION OF WOMEN AT THE PRESENT TIME, IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

e next submitted shows, by general nativity and race of the general occupation of females who were 16 years of in the households studied in the Birmingham district.

General occupation of females 16 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

udes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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he data presented in the above table it appears that of the 6 years of age or over for whom information was secured, cent are at home, 2.1 per cent at school, only a fraction of 1 in domestic service or trade, and 1 per cent otherwise emThe proportion of individuals at home is largest for the orn, second largest for the native-born negro of native father, iderably larger for the native-born white of native father the native-born of foreign father. Among the foreign-born, Italians have the largest and the French the smallest pro

of individuals at home.

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GENERAL OCCUPATION OF MALES AT THE PRESE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The following table shows, by general nativity vidual, the general occupation of males who were over in the households studied in the Birmingham

TABLE 671.-General occupation of males 16 years of age or over, race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The totals,

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In this locality 55.5 per cent of the individuals for tion was secured were employed in the iron and ste per cent were otherwise employed, and only a very were at home or at school. The proportion of indiv in the iron and steel industry was 57.3 per cent for born negro and the total foreign-born, and only 19 native-born of foreign father. On the other hand, th individuals otherwise employed is largest for the hous of which were native-born of foreign father, and is sl the native-born negro than for the total foreign-born. born, the Greeks, Macedonians, and South Italians, in tioned, have the largest, and the Slovaks, French, smallest, proportions of individuals employed in the industry.

WEEKLY EARNINGS.

The table next presented shows, by general nativit percentage of male employees 18 years of age or ov specified amount per week.

Per cent of male employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race.*

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

des only races with 80 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost me from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual nce is made for time lost during the year.

5,161 male employees in this locality for whom informaobtained, 58 per cent earn $10 or over per week, 34.5 per $12.50 or over per week, 23.9 per cent $15 or over, 15.2 per 50 or over, 9.2 per cent $20 or over, 5.7 per cent $22.50 and 3.6 per cent $25 or over, while 3 per cent earn under week. The native-born of foreign father, while showing a maller proportion earning $10 or over, show a considerer proportion earning each other specified amount than do es native-born of native father. The negroes native-born father, while showing a slightly larger proportion earning ver, show a slightly smaller proportion earning each of the ecified amounts than is reported for the foreign-born. As the foreign-born, it will be noted that no Greeks, and only cent of the South Italians, earn under $7.50 per week, and Greeks, and only 1 per cent of the South Italians, earn $15 or week. By far the largest proportion of both Greeks and calians earn between $7.50 and $10 per week. The Greeks, , with 5.5 per cent, show a slightly larger proportion earning r over per week than do the South Italians.

ON BETWEEN PERIOD OF RESIDENCE AND EARNING ABILITY.

endency for earning ability to increase as the period of resin this country is extended is shown by the table following exhibits, by race and length of residence in the United States, centage of foreign-born male employees 18 years of age or ho were earning weekly each specified amount.

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