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PERIOD OF RESIDENCE IN THE UNITED STATES EMPLOYEES AND MEMBERS OF THEIR HO

The following table, showing by race the pe born male employees in the United States each years, affords a valuable insight into the racial district as well as into the periods of residence in foreign-born iron and steel workers:

TABLE 662.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in the U number of years, by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the Un made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 40 or mor however, is for all foreign-born.]

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Upon information obtained for 1,093 foreign-bo locality, it will be seen that 69.5 per cent have b States under five years, 11.5 per cent from five per cent twenty years or over, while 3.4 and 4.4 p in the United States from ten to fourteen and f years, respectively. All of the Bulgarians, and 98 Greeks, have been in the United States under five portion of the South Italians-77.9 per cent-w less than five years, is slightly in excess of that sh Italians and largely in excess of that shown by Swedes, in turn, with 42.1 per cent, show a consid portion than the Scotch and a much larger pro English, who show but 14.6 per cent as having b States under five years. The English, however larger proportion, with a residence of from five to do the North Italians or South Italians, a conside portion than do the Scotch, but a slightly smaller the Swedes, who report 21.1 per cent. The prop or 1.6 per cent, in this period of residence group is, the proportions of the other races, very low. No Bu or Greeks, and only small proportions of the other in the United States from ten to fourteen years; 8.8 per cent, showing the largest, and the Scotch portion, or 2.3 per cent. The Swedes, with 12.3 pe the largest proportion with a residence of from fif years, a proportion larger than that shown by the E and considerably in excess of that shown hu the

B.

No Bulgarians or Greeks, only 1 per cent of the 3, 2.8 per cent of the North Italians, and 15.8 per cent 5, as compared with 51.2 per cent of the Scotch and of the English, have been in the United States twenty

ng table shows, by race of individual, the percentage n persons in the households studied who had been in cates each specified number of years:

• cent of foreign-born persons in the United States each specified number of years, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

ited States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made road. This table includes only races with 20 or more persons reporting. The total, foreign-born.]

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persons reporting, 63.9 per cent have been in the United r five years, 81.8 per cent have a residence of under ten 2.1 per cent have been in this country under twenty years. Macedonians, and Bulgarians show over 97 per cent, Italians, North Italians, and Poles over 50 per cent, and and the Slovaks show less than 20 per cent who have United States under five years. The Greeks and Macew all persons as having been in the United States under and Bulgarians show only slightly smaller proportions, sh and Scotch show low proportions in this group. ians, Greeks, and Macedonians show 100 per cent who have e United States under twenty years.

RACIAL CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES AT TH

The following table shows the number and per and steel workers of each race in the Birmingha information was secured:

TABLE 664.-Male employees for whom information was secure

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Of the 5,477 male employees in this locality, for w was secured, 20 per cent are foreign-born, 31.8 per born of native father, white; 44 per cent are nativ father, negro; and 4.2 per cent are native-born o Those whose fathers were born in Ireland, German England have the largest representatives among th foreign father. Of the foreign-born, the South I North Italians, Bulgarians, and Swedes are present in bers. It will be noted that the South Italians are larger numbers than the individuals of any other fore

CHAPTER III.

ECONOMIC STATUS.

dition abroad of members of immigrant households studied-Principal of immigrant employees before coming to the United States-General of women at the present time in the households studied-General of males at the present time in the households studied-Weekly earnon between period of residence and earning ability-Annual earnings As of families studied-Annual earnings of males 18 years of age or over holds studied-Annual family income-Wives at work-Annual earnles 18 years of age or over in the households studied-Relation between s of husbands and the practice of wives of keeping boarders and lodg3 of family income-Relative importance of different sources of family ext Tables 665 to 684 and General Tables 380 to 392].

CONDITION ABROAD OF MEMBERS OF IMMIGRANT HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

xamining the present industrial condition of immigrant steel workers in the Birmingham district the economic le abroad of members of immigrant households studied iefly considered. In this connection the following tables Industrial condition and occupation before coming to the ates of foreign-born females in the households studied 16 years of age or over at time of coming. The presentarace of individual.

Industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born ho were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

udes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The total, however, is for all foreignborn.]

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TABLE 666.-Occupation before coming to the United Stat who were 16 years or over at time of coming, by race

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Upon information secured from 344 females, it per cent were without occupation abroad, leavin cent who had employment. Of those who had per cent of the total number worked for wages, a the total number worked without wages. None worked for profit. Of the four races specified, Fre Scotch, and Slovak, none were employed as farm total number of French females reporting, 5.4 per c in domestic service, as compared with 0.5 per cent ians and 2.1 per cent of the Slovaks. None of th reporting were employed in domestic service for w Italian is the only race reporting any females who wages in hand trades, and of this race the propor was only 0.5 per cent. None of the French or So employed for wages in occupations other than tho ated, but of the Scotch reporting the proportion so per cent, as compared with 4.2 per cent of the Slo race reporting any females who were employed abro is the Slovak, which shows 6.3 per cent of the to were thus employed as farm laborers.

The tables next presented show, by race of individu condition and occupation before coming to the Unit eign-born males in the households studied who were or over at time of arrival in the United States.

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