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from 35 to 44 years of age, from 45 to 54, and 5. English, and Germans show larger proportions any other race. The Lithuanians report the lo 8.3 per cent, from 35 to 44 years of age, the Rus 0.7 per cent, from 45 to 54 years of age, and the or 0.6 per cent, 55 years of age or over. No Gr and only very small proportions of the other race the proportions of Germans, English, and Scotel last age group.

CHAPTER V.

GENERAL PROGRESS AND ASSIMILATION.

-Ability to speak English-Text Tables 650 to 653 and General Tables 372 to 374].

CITIZENSHIP.

dency on the part of the immigrant employees in the acquire citizenship is set forth in the following table, which cording to race of individual, the present political conForeign-born male employees who have been in the United e years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at -ming:

-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees who have been ited States 5 years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of

race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States.]

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Information was obtained in this locality for 34 employees, of which number 144, or 41.9 per cent ized, while an additional 36, or 10.5 per cent, ha papers, declared their intention of becoming Because of the small numbers involved, percen computed. The number of the South Italians fu striking contrast with the figures shown for the C This would indicate that both the Germans and come to this country have, in a large measure, c this their permanent home. This, however, does intention of the South Italians if the numbers fu having first papers only are to be accepted as evid

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH.

The ability of foreign-born employees of noraces to speak English is considered according to 1 the table next presented.

TABLE 651.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees who sp

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 40 or more males ever, is for all non-English-speaking races.]

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The above table shows that of 1,487 foreign-bor for whom information was obtained in this locali speak English. All of the Swedes and all but 4.5 Germans for whom information was obtained in th English. These proportions, it will be noted, are trast to the proportions shown by the more recent the Slovaks, with 42.5 per cent, show a slightly I with ability to speak English than do the Lithuan considerably larger proportion than do the North 1 Italians. The Greeks, Bulgarians, and Russians sho low proportions, the lowest being shown by the Russ but 8.4 per cent.

The greater adaptability and capacity for adva younger as compared with the older immigrants is table next presented, which shows, by age at time o United States and race of individual, the percentage male employees who speak English.

C

Per cent of foreign-born male employees who speak English, by age at time of coming to the United States and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

es only non-English-speaking races with 100 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all non-English-speaking races.]

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foreign-born male employees in this locality, for whom n was obtained, 38.5 per cent speak English, the proportion s with this ability, as contrasted with the proportions of aces, being very high.

The

who were under 14 years of age at time of arrival in the tes, 90.1 per cent speak English, as compared with 35.9 per ose who were 14 years of age or over at time of coming. ose races reporting proportions both under 14 and 14 years ver at time of coming to the United States, it will be noted ch instance the proportion under 14 who now speak English ss of that shown for those 14 years of age or over. ain in ability to speak English among those under 14 years arrival in this country over those 14 years of age or over by the Slovaks, the difference in the proportions being 49.3. it will be noted, is very much higher than that shown by Italians, who in turn show a much larger gain than do the the difference in the proportions of those under 14 and 14 ge or over among this race being but 5.6 per cent. Among ral races, however, the representatives of which were 14 ge or over at time of coming to the United States, the Rusw the smallest proportion who now speak English, or 8.4 while the Germans, with 94.4 per cent, show the largest

-n.

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The progress made in acquiring the use of the set forth in the following table, which shows, by States and race of employee, the percentage o employees who were able to speak English:

TABLE 653.—Per cent of foreign-born male employees who spea United States and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

The

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the Unite only non-English-speaking races with 100 or more males reporting. English-speaking races.]

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a Not computed, owing to small number involved

From information obtained for 1,487 foreign-bor in this locality, it will be seen that of those who United States under five years 20.9 per cent speak pared with 59.8 per cent of those who have been in from five to nine years and 88.7 per cent with a resi or over. Thus it will be seen that their ability to materially increased by length of residence in th This is evidently true, with but one exception, of proportions are reported in two or more periods of exception above noted is found in the case of th who have been in the United States ten years o residence group a slightly smaller proportion speak the group immediately preceding. As illustrating t statement, it will be seen that the Germans report those who have been in the United States under five English, as compared with 93.8 and 98.1 per cent of been in the United States from five to nine years a over, respectively. The greatest progress, however the representatives of any one race is noted among t proportion with ability to speak English increasing fr of those who have been in the United States less than per cent of those with a residence of from five to n

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