mans engaged in farming or employed in farn hand, is very much below that of any other rac tion employed in this occupation abroad, 82.7 p by the Russians. Following the Russians, but smaller proportion, are the Slovaks, who in tur portion than the South Italians and the Greeks.

The proportion of Greeks employed in general in excess of that shown by the South Italians, siderably in excess of that shown by the Slovaks of that shown by the Germans or Russians. W the Russians and Slovaks, none of whom were shows a proportion employed in hand trades, in pations other than specified. In each instance t larger proportion than is shown by any other showing the smallest proportion in hand trad smallest proportion in trade, and the Slovaks th pations other than specified.

WEEKLY EARNINGS.

The average earnings of the iron and steel wo together with the range in weekly earnings, is exhi ing table, which shows, by general nativity and rad per cent of male employees 18 years of age or specified amount per week.

TABLE 641.-Per cent of male employees 18 years of age or ov amount per week, by general nativity and ra

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more males reporting. The totals,

*This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no accou lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.

nformation obtained for 7,605 male employees in this localbe seen that 56.3 per cent earn $10 or over per week, 32.8 $12.50 or over, 23.4 per cent $15 or over, and 13.6 per 50 or over, while 7.7, 4.4, and 2.7 per cent earn $20 or over, over, and $25 or over, respectively. The proportion earn$7.50 is slightly in excess of that earning $25 or over per he foreign-born report a smaller proportion earning each amount than do the native-born.

the foreign-born not any of the English, Greeks, or Slovaks, red with 19.4 per cent of the Russians, earn under $7.50. ortions of Greeks, South Italians, and Russians earning $10 e in striking contrast with the large proportions shown by the Germans, and Slovaks. Among those earning $12.50 or over proportions shown for the Slovaks, Greeks, Russians, and lians are in striking contrast with the large proportions of nd Germans. No Greeks or Russians and only very small ns of South Italians and Slovaks earn $15 or over per week. he South Italians and less than 1 per cent of the Slovaks much as $20. The English, with proportions ranging from cent earning $15 or over per week to 8.9 per cent earning ver per week, show a considerably larger proportion than ans earning $15 or over, and a slightly larger proportion -ach of the other specified amounts.

tent to which boys between the ages of 14 and 18 years yed and the range of their earning ability is shown in the t presented. It exhibits, by general nativity and race of 1, the percentage of male employees 14 and under 18 years ning each specified rate per week.

-Per cent of male employees 14 and under 18 years of age earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race.

*

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

ncludes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary st time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing s allowance is made for time lost during the year.

ted, owing to small number involved.

bove table shows that of the 314 male employees between 3 years of age for whom information was obtained in this

while less than 2 per cent and less than 1 per over and $15 or over, respectively. No person eign father earn $12.50 or over per week, while ing $5 or over is slightly above and the proport over and $10 or over are slightly below the p the total for all employees. No computations the foreign-born because of the small number comparison with the native-born of foreign fath Among employees native-born of native fat that the whites, while showing a slightly smaller negroes earning $5 or over, and a much smalle $7.50 or over, show a considerably larger propo over per week. No negroes earn as much as $11 pared with 4 per cent of the native whites. The smaller proportions earning $5 and $7.50 or over tions earning $10, $12.50, and $15 or over, than total for all employees.

CHAPTER IV.

SALIENT CHARACTERISTICS.

onjugal condition-Visits abroad-Age classification of employees-[Text Tables 643 to 649 and General Tables 367 to 371].

LITERACY.

eral literacy of southern employees is set forth in the table ented, which shows by general nativity and race the per le employees who read and the per cent who read and write:

-Per cent of male employees who read and per cent who read and write, by general nativity and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

ludes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

0 male employees studied, 83.8 per cent read and 82.6 per read and write. A greater degree of literacy prevails he white employees native-born of native father than is any other group, although the difference between this d that composed of persons native-born of foreign father

the

od Swedish

can both read and write. Next in order come ti mans, and the Irish and Slovaks. The lowest shown by the South Italians, only about 50 pe literate. The remaining races-Bulgarian, Greek North Italian, and Russian-show from 64.6 to can read and write. The standard of literacy fo born of native father is relatively low.

CONJUGAL CONDITION.

The following table shows, by general nativity vidual, the percentage of male employees in the age or over in each conjugal condition:

TABLE 644.-Per cent of male employees 20 years of age or over in by general nativity and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The totals

Of the male employees 20 years of age or over mation was secured, 58.9 per cent are married and 4 widowed. The proportion of married employees i white persons native-born of native father, slightl those native-born of foreign father than among the f smallest among negroes native-born of native father native-born of native father have the largest proport individuals, the native-born of foreign father rar the foreign-born last. Of the foreign-born, the Germa Slovaks, South Italians, and Scotch, in the order ment largest proportion of married employees, and the L