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force, and the ultimate factors of control and de the hands of certain leaders, the heads of merc largely direct the community's affairs by the i able to exert through their various interests.

CHURCHES AND CHURCH WOR

There are no distinctly foreign churches in th have been erected and maintained by recent imm garians projected and partly constructed a Gree but it was found necessary to discontinue the work industrial depression. The building is extensiv pleted will cost between $20,000 and $30,000. been already expended in its erection.

Two Protestant churches maintain alien mission aries, who work among the recent immigrants.

The recent immigrants, as a rule, seem to be very ence to and support of the church. This is in la accounted for on the ground that during the re liberty and greater personal and civil privileges in tries the orthodox church supported the old insti and, as a consequence, alienated the population.

CHAPTER IX.

NERAL PROGRESS AND ASSIMILATION.

es Schools Citizenship-Ability to speak English-[Text Tables 628 to 632 and General Tables 356 to 361].

OWNERSHIP OF HOMES.

ng table shows the number and percentage of families , by general nativity and race of head of family:

mber and per cent of families owning home, by general nativity and race of head of family.

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above table it will be seen that, of a total of 50 families, cent are shown as owning homes. Of the two races the table the Magyar is the only one reporting a suffier for computation, 10.6 per cent of the households of wing acquired their own homes.

SCHOOLS.

he towns of the community are well supplied with school e largest having a high-school building, the erection of 550,000. There are also two parochial schools conducted eran and orthodox Catholic churches.

of the fact that there are few families and children among igrants the school attendance of Bulgarians and other outheastern Europe is, comparatively speaking, small. at present 10 students of recent arrival, from 18 to 20 nding the public schools in the community. Two of these fifth grade and eight in the second grade. Before the depression and the recent exodus there were 25 in the ools who had recently come to the United States. The

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eigners English on Sunday afternoons. One tains a day and night school, where English ar taught to the newcomers, and a small tuitio recent immigrants as a rule are very anxious oftentimes when visited in their rooms are fou studying alone. This tendency does not ind desire to become Americans in the full sense o large degree is an economic motive growing o that they must know the language in order to f energies in the United States and to work economic welfare.

CITIZENSHIP.

The table presented below shows, by race of in political condition of foreign-born males, in the who had been in the United States 5 years or 21 years of age or over at time of coming to this

TABLE 629.-Present political condition of foreign-born males States 5 years or over and who were 21 years of age or over a individual.

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In the total of 12 Bulgarians furnishing complet table, none are fully naturalized and only one papers. Of the Magyars, none are fully natural total of 28, or 17.9 per cent, have secured their fi

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH.

The Magyar and Slovak men can practically Their wives usually can not, or only to a very cause they do not come in constant contact wit the native language is spoken in the home. Th and other immigrants' families, as well as the you immigrated alone, can usually speak English fluen

The Servians, Roumanians, Bulgarians, and Ar do not speak English. Not more than 5 in 100 so as to make themselves understood, and a smalle this can speak the language intelligently and fluen

wing table shows, by sex and by general nativity and race al, the percentage of persons 6 years of age or over, in the studied, who are able to speak English:

-Per cent of persons 6 years of age or over who speak English, by sex and general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

ides only non-English-speaking races with 40 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all non-English-speaking races.]

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eceding table shows the significant fact that only 6.8 per he Bulgarians are able to speak English. A relatively more showing is made by the Magyars, but even in the case of only 29.5 per cent of the males and 18.2 per cent of the or 26.9 per cent of the total, speak English.

eater aptitude and progress of the younger immigrants, as with the older, in acquiring the English language is in the following table, which shows, by age at time of to the United States and race of individual, the percentage ms 6 years of age or over, in the households studied, who nglish:

1.- Per cent of foreign-born persons 6 years of age or over who speak English, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

ncludes only non-English-speaking races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all non-English-speaking races.]

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As can be readily seen from the preceding the Bulgarians who were under 14 years of ag arrival in the United States is too small for centage, and consequently no comparison ca those under 14 with those over 14 at the time to this country. On the other hand, a much the Magyars who were less than 14 years old w United States are at present able to speak Engl those who were 14 years old or over at the time

The relation between period of residence and al is set forth in the following table, which shows, the United States and race of individual, the pe persons 6 years of age or over, in the household English.

TABLE 632.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 6 years of age by years in the United States and race of ind

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the Uni only non-English-speaking races with 40 or more persons reporting. Th English-speaking races.]

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The foregoing table shows in a pronounced way the Bulgarians and Magyars an increase in abilit corresponding to the period of residence in the U 5.4 per cent of the Bulgarians who have been in th than 5 years are able to speak English, while 47.1 dence between five and nine years have acquired guage. Twenty and nine-tenths per cent of the been in the country under five years, 48.7 per between five and nine years, and 62.5 per cent of a or over are able to speak English.

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